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New Orleans metropolitan area

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The New Orleans metropolitan area, designated the New Orleans–Metairie metropolitan statistical area by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget,[3] or simply Greater New Orleans (French: Grande Nouvelle-Orléans, Spanish: Gran Nueva Orleans), is a metropolitan statistical area designated by the United States Census Bureau encompassing seven Louisiana parishes—the equivalent of counties in other U.S. states—centered on the city of New Orleans. The population of Greater New Orleans was 1,271,845 in 2020,[4] up from 1,189,166 at the 2010 United States census. Greater New Orleans is the most populous metropolitan area in Louisiana, and the 45th most populous in the United States. According to 2017 census estimates, the broader New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell combined statistical area (CSA) had a population of 1,510,562.

New Orleans
Metropolitan statistical area
New Orleans–Metairie
From top: New Orleans, Kenner, Metairie, showcasing Downtown New Orleans, Kenner Old Rivertown, and Metairie Central Business District
Map of Greater New Orleans
Location of the New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell CSA and its components:
  New Orleans–Metairie MSA
  Slidell–Mandeville–Covington, MSA
  Bogalusa μSA
  Picayune μSA
  Louisiana
  Mississippi
CountryUnited States
State(s)Louisiana
Largest cityNew Orleans
Other cities • Kenner
 • Gretna
Area
 • Total3,755.2 sq mi (9,726 km2)
Highest elevation
371[1] ft (113 m)
Lowest elevation
−7 ft (−2 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total1,270,530
 • Rank45th
 • Density311/sq mi (120/km2)
GDP
[2]
 • MSA$94.031 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
Area code(s)504, 985

The New Orleans metropolitan area was devastated by Hurricane Katrina—once a category 5 hurricane, but a category 3 storm at landfall—on August 29, 2005.[5] Within the city of New Orleans proper, multiple breaches and structural failures occurred in the system of levees and flood walls designed under federal government auspices. The city of New Orleans experienced a steep population decline after the hurricane, though by the 2020 Census, it had regained a good portion of that loss.

The post-August 2005 decline in the city's population negatively impacted population numbers for the entire metropolitan area, which had a population of 1,337,726 million as recorded in the 2000 United States census. Most of the decline in population was accounted for by the decline experienced in the city of New Orleans proper (coterminous with Orleans Parish); the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the city's population dropped from 453,728 prior to the storm (July 1, 2005) to 389,476, the estimate for 2020.[6][7]

Greater New Orleans is the largest regional economy in Louisiana and borders the second largest economically-important area, Greater Baton Rouge.[8] One Fortune 500 company is headquartered in the region, Entergy.[9] The largest companies operating in the New Orleans metropolitan area are Globalstar, AT&T, GE Capital, and the Port of New Orleans. Home to some of Louisiana's most-visited tourist destinations, tourists have spent over $10.05 billion in 2019.[10]

Geography

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For U.S. census purposes, the New Orleans–Metairie metropolitan statistical area includes seven parishes: Jefferson, Orleans (coterminous with the city of New Orleans), Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, and St. John the Baptist.[11]

St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, and Washington parishes all lie across Lake Ponchartrain from New Orleans, and are oftentimes included as part of the region.

According to the New Orleans region's chamber of commerce, GNO, Inc.[12] (formerly Metrovision), the region boasts a civilian labor force of over 650,000 and there are over 65,000 students enrolled in the region's nine universities and eight community/technical colleges.[13]

The Louisiana State Legislature created a commission (the Regional Planning Commission) to be responsible for the planning and development of the New Orleans metropolitan area. The eight parishes covered by the commission are: Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, St. Tammany and Tangipahoa.

Each parish within the New Orleans metropolitan area and New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell combined statistical areas lie on a very low sea level elevation, though further inland near the Mississippi border its area above sea level increases to 371 feet.

Principal communities

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Principal city

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Satellite cities (places with over 50,000 inhabitants)

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Places between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants

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Places with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants

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Demographics

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Historical populations - Greater New Orleans
CensusPop.Note%±
1950685,405—
1960868,48026.7%
19701,045,80920.4%
19801,187,07313.5%
19901,238,8164.4%
20001,337,7268.0%
20101,189,166−11.1%
20201,271,8457.0%
U.S. Decennial Census2017 estimate

The New Orleans metropolitan area was first defined in 1950. Then known as the New Orleans standard metropolitan area (New Orleans SMA), it consisted of three parishes—Orleans, Jefferson, and St. Bernard—and had a population of 685,405.[15][16] Following a term change by the Bureau of the Budget (present-day U.S. Office of Management and Budget), the New Orleans SMA was called the New Orleans standard metropolitan statistical area (New Orleans SMSA).[17] By the census of 1960, the population had grown to 868,480, a 27% increase over the previous census.[16]

St. Tammany Parish was added to the New Orleans SMSA in 1963.[18] The four-parish area had a combined population of 899,123 in 1960 and 1,045,809 in 1970.[16] By the 1980 census, the population had increased by 14% to 1,187,073.[16]

In 1983, the official name was changed to the New Orleans metropolitan statistical area (New Orleans MSA).[17] Two more parishes, St. Charles and St. John the Baptist, were added to the metropolitan area the same year, making a six-parish MSA.[19] The newly defined area had a total of 1,256,256 residents in 1980, but that number had declined to 1,238,816 in 1990.[16]

The New Orleans MSA expanded to eight parishes in 1993 with the inclusion of Plaquemines and St. James.[20] The eight-parish area had a combined population of 1,285,270 at the 1990 census and 1,337,726 in 2000.

The MSA was renamed the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area in 2003, and St. James Parish was removed. At the 2010 U.S. census, the metropolitan statistical area's population grew to 1,189,166. The overall racial composition of the New Orleans metropolitan area was as follows:[21] White 58.2% (non-Hispanic white) 52.4%, Black or African American 32.5%, American Indian 0.8%, Asian 3.5%, some other race 2.8%, two or more races 2.0%, and Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 8.6%. For those under 18, the majority are minority, with only 45.2% being non-Hispanic whites.

In 2013, St. James was once again included in the MSA, which at the same time was renamed to "New Orleans–Metairie".[22][23] The 2019 U.S. census estimates determined the New Orleans metropolitan area's population stood at 1,270,530.[24] In 2020, its population increased to 1,271,845.[4] Of the metropolitan population, 485,267 households made up the area with an average of 2.6 persons per household. An estimated 50% of households were married couples, 7% had a male householder with no female present, 23% female with no male householder present, and 19% non-family households. Roughly 43% of the metropolitan population was married and 57% were unmarried. The Greater New Orleans unmarried population included 40% males and 36% females never married.

In 2019, there were 561,747 housing units and 63% were owner-occupied.[24] Nearly 70% of the households were single unit households, 28% were multi-units and approximately 3% were mobile homes. The median value of owner-occupied housing units was $211,900, about 25% higher than the amount in Louisiana at the time ($172,100). At the 2019 estimates 47% of housing units were from under $100,000 to $100,000 to $200,000. The New Orleans metropolitan area gained 12.5% of move-ins since 2018.[24]

As of 2020, Greater New Orleans had a racial makeup of 51% White Americans, 35% Blacks or African Americans, 3% Asians, 2% from two or more races, and 9% Hispanic or Latinos of any race.[24] The area's median age was 39 and the population made up 52% females and 48% males. Almost 8% of the population were foreign-born with the majority of origins from Latin America and Asia. The predominant language spoken among the racial and ethnic makeup is English only, followed by Spanish. Greater New Orleans residents had an estimated per capita income of $31,889 and median household income of $55,710. Roughly 16.4% of the metropolis lived at or below the poverty line.

In 2023, St. Tammany was split off into its own metropolitan area,[25] leaving the New Orleans MSA with seven parishes and tabulating an adjusted 2020 census population of 1,007,275.

Combined statistical area

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Location of the New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell CSA and its components:
  New Orleans–Metairie MSA
  Slidell–Mandeville–Covington MSA
  Bogalusa μSA
  Picayune μSA
  Louisiana
  Mississippi
Main article: New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell combined statistical area

The New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell combined statistical area (CSA) is made up of nine Louisiana parishes and one Mississippi county. The CSA includes two metropolitan areas and two micropolitan areas.

Components

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Demographics

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At the 2019 American Community Survey, the combined statistical area had a population of 1,507,017. In 2022 following a redrawing of the former New Orleans–Metairie–Hammond combined statistical area, and the addition of a Slidell metropolitan area, it had a census-estimated population of 1,485,510.[26]

In 2019, the racial and ethnic makeup of the combined statistical area was 54% White, 33% Black or African American, 3% Asian, 2% from two or more races, and 8% Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of 2022, its racial and ethnic composition was 52% White, 31% Black or African American, 2% Asian, 1% other race or ethnicity, 5% two or more races, and 9% Hispanic or Latino of any race.[26]

In 2019, it had a median household income of $53,766 and per capita income of $30,533. There were 572,520 households and 667,185 housing units. The median value of an owner-occupied housing unit was $202,000 and 6.7% of CSA's population were foreign-born. Over 60% of the former New Orleans–Metairie–Hammond combined statistical area's foreign-born population were from Latin America as of 2019. In 2019, 17.3% of the CSA lived at or below the poverty line.

Economy

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University Medical Center New Orleans

Greater New Orleans is home to one of the busiest ports in the world. Greater New Orleans' single Fortune 500 company is Entergy.[9]

Other companies headquartered in the area include, Globalstar, Textron, Receivables Exchange, Tidewater Marine, and Intralox. Other companies with large operations in the New Orleans MSA include DXC Technology, Folgers, AT&T, and GE Capital to name a few.

The New Orleans area has 88% of the nation's oil rigs off its coast,[27] and is in the top three in the country in oil and gas production. The metropolis boasts a civilian labor force of over 650,000 and there are over 65,000 students enrolled in the region's nine universities and eight community/technical colleges as well as thriving film, technology and healthcare industries. In 2018, New Orleans was documented for its growing technology sector.[28]

Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport hosts 15 airlines, 54 nonstop flights, and connects to all U.S. hubs; a new, ground-up terminal opened November 6, 2019.[29] The Port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River operates in the area with more than $296 million capital infrastructure investment for quick container turnaround and increased capacity.[30]

Industrial projects, especially in St. James Parish, were estimated to help the New Orleans metro area add 4,600 jobs in 2018 and 7,600 in 2019, according to an annual economic forecast.[31] The Greater New Orleans economy also benefits from expansions in the health care sector and the National World War II Museum, as well as airport construction. Formosa Petrochemicals' $9.4 billion complex in St. James Parish and Venture Global's $8.5 billion liquefied natural gas export facility at the Port of Plaquemines were planned yet Formosa's construction delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[32][33] A long-delayed $1.1 billion University Medical Center and the $1 billion Veterans Affairs Medical Center were constructed for the Greater New Orleans metropolitan region.[34]

Sports

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Club Sport League Venue (capacity) Founded Titles Record attendance
New Orleans Saints American football NFL Caesars Superdome (73,208) 1967 1 73,373
New Orleans Pelicans Basketball NBA Smoothie King Center (16,867) 2002 0 18,444
New Orleans Jesters Soccer NPSL Pan American Stadium (5,000) 2003 0 5,000
New Orleans Gold Rugby union MLR Gold Mine (10,000) 2017 0 1,900

Media

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Television

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HDTV channels are in green.

PSIP Channel Call Sign Network Digital subchannels Owner
4.1 WWL CBS 4.2 True Crime Network, 4.3 Catchy Comedy, 4.4 Twist, 4.5 getTV, 4.7 QVC2, 4.8 Shop LC Tegna, Inc.
6.1 WDSU NBC 6.2 MeTV, 6.4 Story Television, 6.5 theGrio, 6.6 QVC Hearst Television
8.1 WVUE Fox 8.2 Bounce TV, 8.3 Circle, 8.4 Ion Mystery, 8.5 Oxygen, 8.6 Start TV Gray Television
12.1 WYES PBS 12.2 World, 12.3 Create, 12.4 PBS Kids Greater New Orleans Educational Television Foundation
20.1 WHNO CTN 20.2 CTN Lifestyle, 20.3 CTNi Christian Television Network
22 WTNO-CD† Azteca América N/A HC2 Holdings
26.1 WGNO ABC 26.2 Antenna TV, 26.3 Rewind TV, 26.4 TBD Nexstar Media Group
28.1 KNLD Daystar Daystar Television Network
30.1 KFOL-CD Independent Folse Communications, LLC
32.1 WLAE Public Independent 32.2 MHz Worldview, 32.3 CatholicTV, 32.4 V-me Educational Broadcasting Foundation
38.1 WNOL CW 38.2 Court TV, 38.3 Comet, 38.4 Charge! Nexstar Media Group
41.1 KNOV Independent Beach TV Properties, Inc
42.1 KGLA Telemundo 42.2 Laff, 42.3 Cozi, 42.4 WLFT Live Festival TV Mayavision, Inc
47.1 K20MM-D HSN 47.2 QVC, 47.3 HSN2, 47.4 QVC2, 47.5 QVC3, 47.6 Dabl, 47.7 QVC Kitchen Home Shopping Network
49.1 WPXL Ion 49.2 Grit, 49.3 Laff, 49.4 Jewelry, 49.5 Scripps News, 49.6 HSN, 49.7 QVC, 49.8 HSN2 ION Media Networks, Inc.
54.1 WUPL My Network TV 54.2 Quest, 54.3 Heroes & Icons, 54.4 Defy TV, 54.5 This TV Tegna, Inc.

†Indicates analog low power station

Radio

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AM radio

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Frequency (kHz) Call Sign Format Affiliations Owner
600 WVOG Gospel music F.W. Robbert Broadcasting
690 WQNO News/Sports talk Fox Sports Radio WTIX Inc.
750 KKNO Gospel music Robert C. Blakes Enterprises, Inc.
800 WSHO Christian radio and Music Salem Communications Shadowlands Communications, LLC
830 KGLA Spanish Contemporary AP and CNN Sunburst Media
870 WWL News/Talk/Sports CBS and New Orleans Saints Radio Network Audacy, Inc.
940 WYLD Urban gospel Clear Channel Communications
990 WGSO News/Talk/Sports North Shore Radio, LLC
1010 WCKW Gospel and Christian radio Covenant Network
1060 WLNO Christian Radio Communicom Company of Louisiana, LP
1230 WBOK Gospel Music ABC 26 News Bakewell Media of Louisiana, LLC
1280 WODT All News Black Information Network iHeart Radio
1320 WRJW Country/Christian/Gospel Citadel Media and Jones Radio Networks Pearl River Communications, Inc.
1350 WWWL Sports/Talk ESPN Radio Audacy, Inc.
1540 WFNO Spanish Tropical Telemundo and KGLA TV Crocodile Broadcasting
1560 WSLA Sports Talk Mapa Broadcasting

FM radio

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Frequency (MHz) Call Sign Format Affiliations Owner
88.3 WRBH Radio for the blind and handicapped Radio For The Blind & Handicapped, Inc.
89.1 WBSN Contemporary Christian music Providence Educational Foundation
89.9 WWNO Public/Classical, Fine Arts, Jazz, & Talk NPR University of New Orleans
90.7 WWOZ Jazz, Blues, New Orleans community music New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Foundation
91.1 WNKV Contemporary Christian music K-Love Educational Media Foundation
91.5 WTUL Progressive Radio Tulane University
92.3 WZRH Alternative Cumulus Media
93.3 WQUE Mainstream Urban iHeartMedia
94.3 WTIX Oldies Fleur de Lis Broadcasting
94.9 WGUO Classic Country Dowdy Broadcasting
95.7 WKBU Classic rock Audacy, Inc.
97.1 WEZB Top 40 Audacy, Inc.
98.5 WYLD Urban Adult Contemporary iHeartMedia
98.9 WUUU Country music Pittman Broadcasting Services, LLC
99.5 WRNO Talk Radio Fox News and Premiere Radio Networks iHeartMedia
100.3 KLRZ Sports Coastal Broadcasting of Larose LLC
101.1 WNOE Country iHeartMedia
101.9 WLMG Adult Contemporary Audacy, Inc.
102.3 WHIV-LP Community radio Nonprofit board
102.9 KMEZ Urban AC Cumulus Media
104.1 KVDU Adult Hits iHeartMedia
104.5 KWMZ-FM '80s M.A.C. Broadcasting, LLC
105.3 WWL News/Talk/Sports CBS and New Orleans Saints Radio Network Audacy, Inc.
106.1 WRKN Country Cumulus Media
106.7 KKND Urban gospel Cumulus Media
107.5 KNOL K-Love E.M.F., LLC

Internet radio

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Station Format Affiliations Owner
Crescent City Radio College Loyola University New Orleans

Infrastructure

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Transportation

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Delta SkyClub at Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport

Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport is located to the west of downtown, in the city of Kenner. As of 2023, the airport is currently served by fifteen airlines.[35] Domestic nonstop service is provided to Akron, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Bentonville, Boston, Charleston, Charlotte, Chicago (O'Hare and Midway), Cincinnati, Columbus, Dallas (DFW and Love Field), Denver, Detroit, Ft. Lauderdale, Ft. Myers, Hartford, Houston (Bush Intercontinental and Hobby), Jacksonville, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Long Beach, Louisville, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, Nashville, New York (JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark), Norfolk, Orlando (Orlando International and Sanford), Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Phoenix, Raleigh, Richmond, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, St. Louis, Tampa, Tulsa, and Washington DC (Reagan National and Dulles). International nonstop service is provided to Cancun, London, Montreal, San Pedro Sula, and Toronto.[36]

Major highways in the area include Interstate 10, Interstate 12, Interstate 610, Interstate 310, Interstate 510, Interstate 55, and Interstate 59, as well as U.S. Highway 90 and U.S. Highway 61. The Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, a 24-mile (39 km) span that is the world's longest bridge over water, connects Metairie (on the south shore) to Mandeville on the North Shore. Should metropolitan New Orleans appear to be threatened by a severe hurricane, the Louisiana State Police are prepared to enact a contraflow lane reversal program in order to evacuate the metropolitan area as quickly as possible.[37]

Metropolitan New Orleans is served by six of the seven Class 1 freight railroads operating in North America.[38] Passenger train service is provided by Amtrak on the Crescent, City of New Orleans, and Sunset Limited routes.

The Port of New Orleans is the 3rd-largest port in the United States, as measured by total bulk tonnage exported.[39] According to the same source, the adjoining Port of South Louisiana is the largest port in the United States when measured by the same factor.

Flood control

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Opening of the Bonnet Carré Spillway on 1997-03-17. The spillway was operational from March 17 to April 18, 1997 – operating at a maximum flow of 243,000 cu ft/s (6,900 m3/s).

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for the design and construction of Greater New Orleans' flood protection system. In 2007, Louisiana voters created a new Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority (SLFPA) to coordinate with the Corps of Engineers regarding flood protection issues.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Washington Parish High Point - Peakbagger.com". www.peakbagger.com. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  2. ^ "Total Gross Domestic Product for New Orleans-Metairie, LA (MSA)". fred.stlouisfed.org.
  3. ^ "New Orleans-Metairie, LA - May 2019 OES Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates". www.bls.gov. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  4. ^ a b "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
  5. ^ "Hurricane Katrina: Facts and Information". National Geographic. January 16, 2019. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  6. ^ "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2009 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009". 2009 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. June 22, 2010. Archived from the original (CSV) on June 29, 2010. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
  7. ^ "City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2020". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  8. ^ "Our Views: As Port of New Orleans thrives, Baton Rouge and elsewhere will see benefits". The Advocate. February 10, 2019. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Fortune 500 2011: States: Louisiana Companies - FORTUNE on CNNMoney.com". money.cnn.com. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
  10. ^ "N.O. Tourism Spending Breaks Records in 2019". Biz New Orleans. May 11, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2021.
  11. ^ Finn, Kathy (January 2016). "That Silver Lining: Business Outlook is Partly Cloudy". My New Orleans.com. New Orleans Magazine. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  12. ^ Greater New Orleans, Inc. | Regional Economic Development. Gnoinc.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-29.
  13. ^ "The Region | Greater New Orleans, Inc. | Regional Economic Development". gnoinc.org. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
  14. ^ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  15. ^ "Standard Metropolitan Areas (SMAs) and Components" (TXT). Standard Metropolitan Areas defined by the Bureau of the Budget, October 13, 1950. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 14, 2000. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
  16. ^ a b c d e "Louisiana – Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 27, 1995. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
  17. ^ a b "About Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
  18. ^ "Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) and Components, 1963" (TXT). Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas defined by Office of Management and Budget, October 18, 1963. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. October 25, 2000. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
  19. ^ "Metropolitan Areas and Components, 1983" (TXT). Metropolitan Areas defined by Office of Management and Budget, June 27, 1983. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 1, 2001. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
  20. ^ "Metropolitan Areas and Components, 1993" (TXT). Metropolitan areas defined by Office of Management and Budget, June 30, 1993. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. April 1, 1999. Retrieved October 9, 2008.
  21. ^ "New Orleans (City) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on January 2, 2016.
  22. ^ History of Core Based Statistical Areas (XLS) (Report). United States Census Bureau. December 17, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  23. ^ "Lafayette, Orleans metros adding parishes; Hammond becomes a metro area". The Advocate. January 24, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  24. ^ a b c d "Census profile: New Orleans-Metairie, LA Metro Area". Census Reporter. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  25. ^ Van Leuven, Andrew J. (August 4, 2023). "Recent Changes to U.S. Metropolitan and Micropolitan Areas". Andrew J. Van Leuven, Ph.D. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  26. ^ a b "Census profile: New Orleans-Metairie-Hammond, LA-MS CSA". Census Reporter. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  27. ^ "The Region | Greater New Orleans, Inc". gnoinc.org. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  28. ^ Wells, Ken (November 20, 2018). "New Orleans: Silicon Valley of the South?". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  29. ^ "flymsy - Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport". Louis Armstrong New Orleans Airport. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  30. ^ "Community Overview | CENTURY 21". sela03.c21.com. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  31. ^ "These massive industrial projects will drive New Orleans growth, new report says". NOLA.com. October 11, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  32. ^ "New Orleans' biggest 2017 business stories: Tourism gains, a stunning bank failure & a diversifying economy". The Advocate. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
  33. ^ "'Major construction' of $9.4B Formosa plastics plant in St. James delayed until virus vax". The Advocate. October 20, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  34. ^ "Long awaited, long delayed: New Orleans VA hospital finally opens". NOLA.com. November 19, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  35. ^ "Airlines". FlyMsy.com. Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  36. ^ "Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport - Nonstop Destinations". FlyMsy.com. Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  37. ^ "Crisis Response". Louisiana State Police. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  38. ^ Greater New Orleans, Inc. : Regional Economic Alliance Archived February 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 13, 2009.
  39. ^ Ports in Louisiana: New Orleans, South Louisiana, and Baton Rouge Archived February 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on June 12, 2009.
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