List of United States senators from Maryland

This is a list of United States senators from Maryland, which ratified the United States Constitution April 28, 1788, becoming the seventh state to do so.^[1] To provide for continuity of government, the framers divided senators into staggered classes that serve six-year terms, and Maryland's senators are in the first and third classes.^[2] Before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, which allowed for direct election of senators, Maryland's senators were chosen by the Maryland General Assembly, which ratified the amendment on April 1, 2010. Until the assembly appointed George L. Wellington of Cumberland in 1897, senators in class 3 were chosen from the Eastern Shore while senators in class 1 were chosen from the remainder of the state. Barbara Mikulski has been Maryland's longest-serving senator (1987–2017).

Current delegation

Ben Cardin (D)

Chris Van Hollen (D)

List of senators

#	Senator	Party	Dates in office	Electoral history	T	C	T	Electoral history	Dates in office	Party	Senator	#
Class 1 Class 1 U.S. senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018. The next election will be in 2024.						C	Class 3 Class 3 U.S. senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 2004, 2010, 2016, and 2022. The next election will be in 2028.
1	Charles Carroll	Pro- Admin.	Mar 4, 1789 – Nov 30, 1792	Elected in 1788.	1	1st	1	Elected in 1788.	Mar 4, 1789 – Dec 10, 1797	Pro- Admin.	John Henry	1
1	Charles Carroll	Pro- Admin.	Mar 4, 1789 – Nov 30, 1792	Re-elected in 1791. Resigned to remain in the Maryland Senate.	2	2nd
Vacant			Nov 30, 1792 – Jan 10, 1793
2	Richard Potts	Pro- Admin.	Jan 10, 1793 – Oct 24, 1796	Elected to finish Carroll's term. Resigned.
						3rd
						4th	2	Re-elected in 1795. Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.
Vacant			Oct 24, 1796 – Nov 30, 1796
3	John Eager Howard	Federalist	Nov 30, 1796 – Mar 3, 1803	Elected to finish Carroll's term.
				Re-elected in 1796. Lost re-election.	3	5th
						5th		Elected to finish Henry's term. Resigned.	Dec 11, 1797 – Dec 1, 1800	Federalist	James Lloyd	2
						6th		Elected to finish Henry's term. Resigned.	Dec 11, 1797 – Dec 1, 1800	Federalist	James Lloyd	2
									Dec 1, 1800 – Dec 12, 1800	Vacant
								Elected to finish Henry's term.	Dec 12, 1800 – Nov 19, 1801	Federalist	William Hindman	3
						7th	3	Appointed to fill the vacancy after the Legislature failed to elect. Retired when successor elected.	Dec 12, 1800 – Nov 19, 1801	Federalist	William Hindman	3
						7th		Elected to finish term. Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.	Nov 19, 1801 – Nov 12, 1806	Democratic- Republican	Robert Wright	4
4	Samuel Smith	Democratic- Republican	Mar 4, 1803 – Mar 3, 1815	Elected in 1802.^[3]	4	8th
						9th
									Nov 12, 1806 – Nov 25, 1806	Vacant
								Elected to finish Wright's term.	Nov 25, 1806 – Mar 3, 1813	Democratic- Republican	Philip Reed	5
						10th	4	Re-elected in 1806.
				Re-elected in 1809.^[4] [data missing]	5	11th
						12th
						13th	5	Legislature failed to elect.	Mar 3, 1813 – May 21, 1813	Vacant
						13th		Elected in 1813 to finish term. [data missing]	May 21, 1813 – Mar 3, 1819	Federalist	Robert Henry Goldsborough	6
Vacant			Mar 4, 1815 – Jan 29, 1816	Legislature failed to elect	6	14th
5	Robert Goodloe Harper	Federalist	Jan 29, 1816 – Dec 6, 1816	Elected to finish term. Resigned.
Vacant			Dec 6, 1816 – Dec 20, 1816
6	Alexander Hanson	Federalist	Dec 20, 1816 – Apr 23, 1819	Elected to finish the vacant term that happened from 1815 to 1816. Died.
						15th
						16th	6	Legislature did not elect until after the term began.	Mar 4, 1819 – Dec 20, 1819	Vacant
Vacant			Apr 23, 1819 – Dec 21, 1819					Legislature did not elect until after the term began.	Mar 4, 1819 – Dec 20, 1819	Vacant
7	William Pinkney	Democratic- Republican	Dec 20, 1819 – Feb 25, 1822	Elected in 1819 to finish the vacant term that happened from 1815 to 1816.				Elected late in 1819.	Dec 21, 1819 – Jan 14, 1826	Democratic- Republican	Edward Lloyd	7
7	William Pinkney	Democratic- Republican	Dec 20, 1819 – Feb 25, 1822	Re-elected in 1821. Died.	7	17th
Vacant			Feb 25, 1822 – Dec 17, 1822
8	Samuel Smith	Democratic- Republican	Dec 17, 1822 – Mar 3, 1833	Elected to finish Pinkney's term.
		Democratic- Republican				18th
		Jacksonian				19th	7	Re-elected in 1825. Resigned.		Jacksonian
									Jan 14, 1826 – Jan 24, 1826	Vacant
								Elected to finish Lloyd's term.	Jan 24, 1826 – Dec 20, 1834	National Republican	Ezekiel F. Chambers	8
				Re-elected in 1827.	8	20th
						21st
						22nd	8	Re-elected in 1831. Resigned to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals.
9	Joseph Kent	National Republican	Mar 4, 1833 – Nov 24, 1837	Elected in 1833. Died.	9	23rd
									Dec 20, 1834 – Jan 13, 1835	Vacant
								Elected to finish Chambers's term. Died.	Jan 13, 1835 – Oct 5, 1836	National Republican	Robert Henry Goldsborough	9
						24th		Elected to finish Chambers's term. Died.	Jan 13, 1835 – Oct 5, 1836	National Republican	Robert Henry Goldsborough	9
									Oct 5, 1836 – Dec 31, 1836	Vacant
								Elected to finish Chambers's term.	Dec 31, 1836 – Oct 24, 1840	National Republican	John S. Spence	10
		Whig				25th	9	Re-elected in 1837. Died.		Whig
Vacant			Nov 24, 1837 – Jan 4, 1838
10	William Duhurst Merrick	Whig	Jan 4, 1838 – Mar 3, 1845	Elected to finish Kent's term.
				Re-elected in 1839. [data missing]	10	26th
									Oct 24, 1840 – Jan 5, 1841	Vacant
								Elected to finish Spence's term. [data missing]	Jan 5, 1841 – Mar 3, 1843	Whig	John Leeds Kerr	11
						27th		Elected to finish Spence's term. [data missing]	Jan 5, 1841 – Mar 3, 1843	Whig	John Leeds Kerr	11
						28th	10	Elected in 1843.	Mar 4, 1843 – Dec 20, 1862	Whig	James Pearce	12
11	Reverdy Johnson	Whig	Mar 4, 1845 – Mar 7, 1849	Election year unknown. Resigned to become U.S. Attorney General.	11	29th
						30th
						31st	11	Re-elected in 1849.
Vacant			Mar 7, 1849 – Dec 6, 1849
12	David Stewart	Democratic	Dec 6, 1849 – Jan 12, 1850	Appointed to continue Johnson's term. Retired when successor elected.
13	Thomas Pratt	Whig	Jan 12, 1850 – Mar 3, 1857	Elected to finish Johnson's term.
				Re-elected in 1851.	12	32nd
						33rd
						34th	12	Re-elected in 1855.
14	Anthony Kennedy	American	Mar 4, 1857 – Mar 3, 1863	Election year unknown. [data missing]	13	35th				Democratic
		American				36th
		Union				37th	13	Re-elected in 1861. Died.
									Dec 20, 1862 – Dec 29, 1862	Vacant
								Appointed to continue Pearce's term. Elected in 1864 to finish Pearce's term. Died.	Dec 29, 1862 – Feb 14, 1865	Union	Thomas Holliday Hicks	13
15	Reverdy Johnson	Union	Mar 4, 1863 – Jul 10, 1868	Election year unknown. Resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.	14	38th			Dec 29, 1862 – Feb 14, 1865	Union	Thomas Holliday Hicks	13
		Union				38th			Feb 14, 1865 – Mar 9, 1865	Vacant
		Democratic				39th			Feb 14, 1865 – Mar 9, 1865	Vacant
						39th		Elected to finish Pearce's term. [data missing]	Mar 9, 1865 – Mar 3, 1867	Unconditional Union	John Creswell	14
						40th	14	Philip F. Thomas (D) was elected but failed to qualify due to his support for the Confederacy.	Mar 4, 1867 – Mar 7, 1868	Vacant
								Elected to finish Thomas's term. [data missing]	Mar 7, 1868 – Mar 3, 1873	Democratic	George Vickers	15
Vacant			Jul 10, 1868 – Jul 13, 1868
16	William Whyte	Democratic	Jul 13, 1868 – Mar 3, 1869	Appointed to finish Johnson's term. Retired.
17	William T. Hamilton	Democratic	Mar 4, 1869 – Mar 3, 1875	Election year unknown. Retired to run for governor.	15	41st
						42nd
						43rd	15	Election year unknown. [data missing]	Mar 4, 1873 – Mar 3, 1879	Democratic	George R. Dennis	16
18	William Whyte	Democratic	Mar 4, 1875 – Mar 3, 1881	Elected in 1874. Retired.	16	44th
						45th
						46th	16	Elected in 1878.^[5] [data missing]	Mar 4, 1879 – Mar 3, 1885	Democratic	James Black Groome	17
19	Arthur P. Gorman	Democratic	Mar 4, 1881 – Mar 3, 1899	Elected in 1880.	17	47th
						48th
						49th	17	Elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1890. Died.	Mar 4, 1885 – Feb 24, 1891	Democratic	Ephraim Wilson	18
				Re-elected in 1886.	18	50th
						51st
						51st			Feb 24, 1891 – Nov 19, 1891	Vacant
						52nd	18		Feb 24, 1891 – Nov 19, 1891	Vacant
						52nd		Appointed to continue Wilson's term. Elected in 1892 to finish Wilson's term.^[6] Unknown if retired or lost re-election.	Nov 19, 1891 – Mar 3, 1897	Democratic	Charles H. Gibson	19
				Elected in 1892. Lost re-election.	19	53rd
						54th
						55th	19	Elected in 1896.^[7] Retired.	Mar 4, 1897 – Mar 3, 1903	Republican	George L. Wellington	20
20	Louis E. McComas	Republican	Mar 4, 1899 – Mar 3, 1905	Elected in 1898. Retired to become judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals.	20	56th
						57th
						58th	20	Elected in 1902.^[8] Died.	Mar 4, 1903 – Jun 4, 1906	Democratic	Arthur P. Gorman	21
21	Isidor Rayner	Democratic	Mar 4, 1905 – Nov 25, 1912	Elected in 1904.	21	59th		Elected in 1902.^[8] Died.	Mar 4, 1903 – Jun 4, 1906	Democratic	Arthur P. Gorman	21
									Jun 4, 1906 – Jun 8, 1906	Vacant
								Appointed to continue Gorman's term. Elected in 1908 to finish Gorman's term.^[6] Died.	Jun 8, 1906 – Mar 17, 1908	Democratic	William Whyte	22
						60th			Jun 8, 1906 – Mar 17, 1908	Democratic	William Whyte	22
									Mar 17, 1908 – Mar 25, 1908	Vacant
								Elected to finish Gorman's term, having already been elected to the next term.	Mar 25, 1908 – Mar 3, 1921	Democratic	John Walter Smith	23
						61st	21	Elected in 1908.
				Re-elected in 1910. Died.	22	62nd
Vacant			Nov 25, 1912 – Nov 29, 1912
22	William P. Jackson	Republican	Nov 29, 1912 – Jan 28, 1914	Appointed to continue Rayner's term. Retired when successor elected.
22	William P. Jackson	Republican	Nov 29, 1912 – Jan 28, 1914			63rd
23	Blair Lee	Democratic	Jan 28, 1914 – Mar 3, 1917	Elected in 1913 to finish Rayner's term. Lost re-election.		63rd
23	Blair Lee	Democratic	Jan 28, 1914 – Mar 3, 1917	Elected in 1913 to finish Rayner's term. Lost re-election.		64th	22	Re-elected in 1914. Lost re-election.
24	Joseph I. France	Republican	Mar 4, 1917 – Mar 3, 1923	Elected in 1916. Lost re-election.	23	65th
						66th
						67th	23	Elected in 1920. Lost re-election.	Mar 4, 1921 – Mar 3, 1927	Republican	Ovington Weller	24
25	William Cabell Bruce	Democratic	Mar 4, 1923 – Mar 3, 1929	Elected in 1922. Lost re-election.	24	68th
						69th
						70th	24	Elected in 1926.	Mar 4, 1927 – Jan 3, 1951	Democratic	Millard Tydings	25
26	Phillips Lee Goldsborough	Republican	Mar 4, 1929 – Jan 3, 1935	Elected in 1928. Retired to run for governor.	25	71st
						72nd
						73rd	25	Re-elected in 1932.
27	George L. P. Radcliffe	Democratic	Jan 3, 1935 – Jan 3, 1947	Elected in 1934.	26	74th
						75th
						76th	26	Re-elected in 1938.
				Re-elected in 1940. Lost renomination.	27	77th
						78th
						79th	27	Re-elected in 1944. Lost re-election.
28	Herbert O'Conor	Democratic	Jan 3, 1947 – Jan 3, 1953	Elected in 1946. Retired.	28	80th
						81st
						82nd	28	Elected in 1950.	Jan 3, 1951 – Jan 3, 1963	Republican	John Marshall Butler	26
29	J. Glenn Beall	Republican	Jan 3, 1953 – Jan 3, 1965	Elected in 1952.	29	83rd
						84th
						85th	29	Re-elected in 1956. Retired.
				Re-elected in 1958. Lost re-election.	30	86th
						87th
						88th	30	Elected in 1962. Lost re-election.	Jan 3, 1963 – Jan 3, 1969	Democratic	Daniel Brewster	27
30	Joseph Tydings	Democratic	Jan 3, 1965 – Jan 3, 1971	Elected in 1964. Lost re-election.	31	89th
						90th
						91st	31	Elected in 1968.	Jan 3, 1969 – Jan 3, 1987	Republican	Charles Mathias	28
31	J. Glenn Beall Jr.	Republican	Jan 3, 1971 – Jan 3, 1977	Elected in 1970. Lost re-election.	32	92nd
						93rd
						94th	32	Re-elected in 1974.
32	Paul Sarbanes	Democratic	Jan 3, 1977 – Jan 3, 2007	Elected in 1976.	33	95th
						96th
						97th	33	Re-elected in 1980. Retired.
				Re-elected in 1982.	34	98th
						99th
						100th	34	Elected in 1986.	Jan 3, 1987 – Jan 3, 2017	Democratic	Barbara Mikulski	29
				Re-elected in 1988.	35	101st
						102nd
						103rd	35	Re-elected in 1992.
				Re-elected in 1994.	36	104th
						105th
						106th	36	Re-elected in 1998.
				Re-elected in 2000. Retired.	37	107th
						108th
						109th	37	Re-elected in 2004.
33	Ben Cardin	Democratic	Jan 3, 2007 – present	Elected in 2006.	38	110th
						111th
						112th	38	Re-elected in 2010. Retired.
				Re-elected in 2012.	39	113th
						114th
						115th	39	Elected in 2016.	Jan 3, 2017 – present	Democratic	Chris Van Hollen	30
				Re-elected in 2018. Retiring at the end of term.	40	116th
						117th
						118th	40	Re-elected in 2022.
34	Angela Alsobrooks	Democratic	Taking office Jan 3, 2025	Elected in 2024.	41	119th
						120th
						121st	41	To be determined in the 2028 election.
#	Senator	Party	Years in office	Electoral history	T	C	T	Electoral history	Years in office	Party	Senator	#
Class 1						C	Class 3

References

^ "Maryland Historical Chronology, 1700-1799". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
^ "The Senate and the United States Constitution". United States senate Historical Office. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
^ "Maryland 1802 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1802. 10.
^ "Maryland 1809 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing The Hornet (Fredericktown, Md.). Nov 29, 1809.
^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 19, 1878".
^ ^a ^b Byrd, p. 121.
^ "WELLINGTON IS ELECTED". The New York Times. January 23, 1896. p. 5.
^ "Ratified Mr. German's Election". The New York Times. January 16, 1902. p. 3.

Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.

[1] "Maryland Historical Chronology, 1700-1799". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved June 27, 2007.

[2] "The Senate and the United States Constitution". United States senate Historical Office. Retrieved June 27, 2007.

[3] "Maryland 1802 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1802. 10.

[4] "Maryland 1809 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing The Hornet (Fredericktown, Md.). Nov 29, 1809.

[5] "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 19, 1878".

[FOOTNOTEByrd121-6] Byrd, p. 121.

[NYTMD-7] "WELLINGTON IS ELECTED". The New York Times. January 23, 1896. p. 5.

[8] "Ratified Mr. German's Election". The New York Times. January 16, 1902. p. 3.

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List of United States senators from Maryland

List of senators

See also

References