Sunni Vohras or Sunni Bohras, are a community from the state of Gujarat in India. Sharing the same name as the Dawoodi Bohras, they are often confused with that community. A few families use the slightly different spelling of "Vora" or "Vahora" as their surname. Another common surname is Patel.[1]
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Sunni Bohras have had a large presence in the historical Indian Ocean maritime trade, and the Sunni Bohra merchant Mulla Abdul Ghafur was one of the richest merchants of the 18th Century.[2][3]
History and distribution
editThere are multiple Gujarati muslim communities that use the Vohra name. The community is split into four different sects.[1]
Bharuchi and Surti Sunni Vohras
editThe Sunni Vohras of South Gujarat are a large community spanning from Cambay to Valsad. The ones north of the river Narmada are commonly known as Bharuchi Sunni Vohras, and the ones South of Narmada are commonly known as Surti Sunni Vohras. Many Vohras from this community, especially north of the Narmada, use the Patel surname. Historically this community was involved in farming and trade. Many members of this community have large amounts of Middle Eastern ancestry from the large Middle Eastern settlements in ancient South Gujarat (see Diverse Origins of Bharuchi and Surti Muslims).[4] Some members of this community were converted from the dominant South Gujarat landowning farmer communities during Muslim rule in Gujarat.[1][5]
This community is now found in towns and villages in South Gujarat, and the diaspora is found in many places around the world, especially in places such as South Africa, Canada, Britain, Burma, Zimbabwe, Barbados, Reunion (known as Zarabes), Mauritius etc. In many places they have played a substantial role in establishing some of the first Sunni Muslim mosques and being a leading part of the Muslim community, as well as pioneering technological and economic advancements. Many prominent figures such as Mufti Menk, Hafiz Patel, Major Atchia, Ahmed Deedat, Ajum Goolam Hossen, Ghulam Vastanvi, Mohsin and Zuber Issa, Alimuddin Zumla and Ahmed Kathrada belong to this community.[6][7][8][9]
Patani Bohras
editPatani Bohras or Jafari Bohras are converts of the Ismaili Bohras in Patan during Muslim rule of Gujarat. Some Dawoodi Bohras underwent persecution during Muslim rule after the Muslim conquest of Gujarat and converted from Mustaali Ismaili to Sunni Islam.[5] The leader of part of this conversion movement to Sunni Islam was said to be Jafar Patani, himself a Bohra convert to Sunni Islam. In 1538, Syed Jafar Ahmad Shirazi, a missionary from Sindh, convinced Patani Bohras to cease social relations with Ismaili Bohras making the Patani Sunni Bohras a distinct sect.[10][11]
Kadiwal Vohras
editKadiwal Vohras are located in Kadi and Ahmedabad and are traditionally followers of Pir Muhammad Shah.[1]
Charotar Vohras
editCharotar Vohras are located in Anand and converted from farming communities in Anand during the Gujarat Sultunate.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e Misra, Satish C. (1964). Muslim Communities In Gujarat.
- ^ "Insights into India's Business History". Economic and Political Weekly. 2012-03-17.
At the end of the 17th century, Abdul Ghafur of the Bohra community was the richest merchant in Surat, if not in the whole of India.
- ^ Congress, Indian History (1998). Proceedings. Indian History Congress.
The commercial world of Gujarat at the beginning of the 18th century was dominated by the Bohra family of Abdul Ghafur, undoubtedly the richest merchant of his time ; hence his title' Umdat-ut Tujjar', 'Chief of Merchants'
- ^ Nakhuda, Ismaeel. "An East India Company massacre in British Gujarat in 1810". Basair.net. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
The Sunni Bohras (also known as Vohras) are several traditionally endogamous Muslim communities found in Gujarat.. they are of mixture of ancestry – some may have certainly converted while others are descendants of foreign Muslim groups (Arabs and Persians) who over the centuries settled in Gujarat.
- ^ a b Bombay (Presidency) (1899). Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Government central Press.
- ^ "Bharuchi Vahora Patel – Gujarati Writers' Guild UK". www.mahek.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ^ Rivière, Marc Serge (2018). "AMODE IBRAHIM ATCHIA ('MAJOR') 1868-1947: MAURITIAN PIONEER IN ELECTRICITY, INNOVATOR, AND PHILANTHROPIST". New Horizons. 12 (1): 55–68. ProQuest 2063293631.
- ^ "Yangon Time Machine". www.yangontimemachine.com. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ^ "Gujarat's 'Rangoon Wallas'". Himal Southasian. 2014-06-26. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
- ^ Patani Bohras
- ^ Sunni Vohras