The Jamaican poorwill (Siphonorhis americana), also known as the Jamaican pauraque or Jamaican least pauraque, is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is (or was) endemic to Jamaica and has not been recorded since 1860.[3][4]
| Jamaican poorwill | |
|---|---|
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| Illustration by George Edward Lodge, 1907 | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Strisores |
| Order: | Caprimulgiformes |
| Family: | Caprimulgidae |
| Genus: | Siphonorhis |
| Species: | S. americana
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| Binomial name | |
| Siphonorhis americana | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Taxonomy and systematics
editThe first formal description of the Jamaican poorwill was by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Caprimulgus americanus.[5][6] It was at one time considered conspecific with the only other living species in its genus, the least poorwill (Siphonorhis brewsteri). It is monotypic.[4][3]
Description
editThe Jamaican poorwill is known only from a very few specimens, the most recent of which was collected in the mid 1800s. It is 23 to 25 cm (9.1 to 9.8 in) long. The male's upperparts are rufous brown with blackish streaks. It has a faint rufous buff collar on the hindneck. The chin and upper throat are rufous, the lower throat clear white, the breast rufous with faint narrow brown barring, and the belly and flanks buff with brown bars and large whitish spots. The tail is mostly rufous brown with brown flecks and bars; all but the central feathers have white tips. The female is similar to the male, but somewhat less rufous overall; its underparts are more heavily spotted and the tips of the tail feathers are buffy.[4] It possessed distinct 2 mm long tubular nostrils that differentiated it from its relatives on the mainland.[7]
Distribution and habitat
editThe few specimens of Jamaican poorwill from known localities were collected on the south side of the island. It was described as rare to locally uncommon during the first half of the 19th century. The habitats in Jamaica's south side included low elevation dry limestone forest, semi-open woodland, and open country.[4][1]
Behaviour
editFeeding
editThe Jamaican poorwill is assumed to have been a nocturnal aerial insectivore like the least poorwill.[4]
Breeding
editThe Jamaican poorwill is assumed to have laid its eggs on the ground without a nest like the least poorwill.[4]
Vocalization
editThe Jamaican poorwill's vocalizations were not described by the collectors.[4]
Status
editThe IUCN has assessed the Jamaican poorwill as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct). The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and Clements taxonomy consider it definitely extinct.[1][3][8]
References
edit- ^ a b c BirdLife International (2020). "Jamaican Poorwill Siphonorhis americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22689738A178420953. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22689738A178420953.en. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ^ "Siphonorhis americana". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ^ a b c Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Dreelin, A. (2020). Jamaican Pauraque (Siphonorhis americana), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.jampau.01 retrieved October 13, 2021
- ^ Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Volume 1 (in Latin). Vol. v.1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 193.
- ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1937). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 4. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 194.
- ^ Fuller, Errol (1987). Extinct Birds. Facts On File Publications. pp. 166-67. ISBN 0816018332.
- ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021