Iraq consists of 18 recognized governorates (Arabic: محافظة, romanized: muḥāfażah; Sorani Kurdish: پارێزگا, romanized: parêzgeh), also known as "provinces" and 1 partially recognized governorate (Halabja). Per the Iraqi constitution, governorates can form a federal region.[1] Four governorates, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Halabja and Duhok, constitute the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region. Baghdad (which is the most populous) and Basra are the oldest governorates. The second most-populous one, Ninawa (or Nineveh) is in the upland region and has a cooler climate of the north-west.
| Governorates of Iraq المحافظات العراقية (Arabic) پارێزگاکانی عێراق (Kurdish) | |
|---|---|
| |
Clickable map of Iraq exhibiting its eighteen governorates, and partially recognized Halabja.
 | |
| Category | Federated state |
| Location | Republic of Iraq |
| Number | 18 governorates (19 including partially recognized Halabja) |
| Areas | 529 km2 (204.2 sq mi) (Baghdad) – 138,500 km2 (53,476 sq mi) (Al Anbar) |
| Government | |
| Subdivisions | |
There have been numerous calls to recognize Halabja Governorate since 1999.[2] It was recognized as an official governorate of the Kurdistan Region in 2014,[3][2] and the Council of Ministers approved a bill twice in 2013,[4][5] and 2023.[6] However, the only legislature in Iraq that can implement new governorates is the Council of Representatives of Iraq, which has had delayed hearings regarding Halabja numerous times.[7][8][9][10]
History
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2024) |
Throughout early 2014, the Council of Ministers of Iraq approved proposals to add the three newly proposed governorates:[11]
- Tal Afar, from part of Ninawa Governorate
- Tuz Khurmatu, from part of Saladin Governorate[12]
- Nineveh Plains from the Ninawa Governorate.[13]
- Halabja from Sulaymaniah Governorate[14]
In 2013, activists and political parties called for the conversion of Hawija from a District into a governorate, but the Kirkuk government blocked the proposal.[15]
Shortly after the approval of the proposals, the Islamic State attacked the cities, towns and villages of the Nineveh Plains. Upon the eventual withdrawal of ISIS, the initial decision by the Council of Ministers was dishonored by Kurdistan, Baghdad and Iranian-connected political entities, as they began pushing security forces into different parts of the Nineveh Plains to try and lay claim to different parts of the territory, asserting that the demographics had changed due to ISIS and that the original inhabitants could no longer be representatives of their indigenous land.[16] Part of the reason for the demographic shift was that squatters were encouraged to occupy Christian homes. Without enough paperwork to prove ownership, some of those homes became extremely challenging to reclaim. Initiatives are underway to help reclaim families' homes.[17]
Another proposal exists to add a 19th governorate: Fallujah, from part of the Al Anbar.[11] This largely did not occur due to the ISIS insurgency. Following the defeat of ISIS in the Battle of Fallujah (2016), the proposal may resurface or Al-Anbar may remain undivided.
Governorates
edit| Governorate | Postal code |
ISO code |
Total area in square miles |
Total area in km2 |
Population 1 July 2018[18] |
Population Density in square miles |
Population Density in km2 |
Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Anbar | 31 | AN | 53,476 | 138,501 | 1,771,656 | 29.1 | 11.2 | Ramadi |
| Babil | 51 | BB | 1,976 | 5,603 | 2,065,042 | 921.4 | 324.9 | Hillah |
| Baghdad | 10 | BG | 78.8 | 204.2 | 8,126,755 | 4,620.09 | 1,548.8 | Baghdad |
| Basra | 61 | BA | 7,360 | 19,070 | 2,908,491 | 344.0 | 132.7 | Basra |
| Dhi Qar | 64 | DQ | 5,000 | 12,900 | 2,095,172 | 367.2 | 142.3 | Nasiriyah |
| Al-Qādisiyyah | 58 | QA | 3,148 | 8,153 | 1,291,048 | 360.3 | 139.1 | Al Diwaniyah |
| Diyala | 32 | DI | 6,828 | 17,685 | 1,637,226 | 211.3 | 81.6 | Baqubah |
| Duhok | 42 | DA | 2,530 | 6,553 | 1,292,535 | 445.5 | 172.2 | Dihok |
| Erbil | 44 | AR | 5,820 | 15,074 | 1,854,778 | 277.0 | 106.9 | Erbil |
| Karbala | 56 | KA | 1,944 | 5,034 | 1,218,732 | 548.6 | 211.8 | Karbala |
| Kirkuk | 36 | KI | 3,737 | 9,679 | 1,597,876 | 373.4 | 144.1 | Kirkuk |
| Maysan | 62 | MA | 6,205 | 16,072 | 1,112,673 | 156.5 | 60.4 | Amarah |
| Muthanna | 66 | MU | 19,980 | 51,740 | 814,371 | 35.9 | 13.8 | Samawah |
| Najaf | 54 | NA | 11,129 | 28,824 | 1,471,592 | 115.5 | 44.5 | Najaf |
| Ninawa | 41 | NI | 14,410 | 37,323 | 3,729,998 | 226.9 | 87.6 | Mosul |
| Salah Al-Din | 34 | SD | 9,556 | 24,751 | 1,595,235 | 147.3 | 56.8 | Tikrit |
| Sulaymaniyah | 46 | SU | 6,573 | 17,023 | 2,053,305 | 285.8 | 110.3 | Sulaymaniyah |
| Wasit | 52 | WA | 6,623 | 17,153 | 1,378,723 | 182.7 | 70.5 | Kut |
Former governorates
edit| Governorate | Today part of |
|---|---|
| Mosul | Ninawa Governorate Duhok Governorate |
| Diwaniya | Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate Muthanna Governorate Najaf Governorate |
| Dulaim (−1962) Ramadi (1962–1976) |
Al Anbar Governorate |
| Muntafiq (−1976) | Dhi Qar Governorate |
| Amara (−1976) | Maysan Governorate |
| Kut (−1976) | Wasit Governorate |
| Baghdad | Baghdad Governorate Saladin Governorate |
| Kirkuk (−1976) At-Ta'mim (1976–2006) |
Kirkuk Governorate |
| Kuwait Governorate
(Military occupation between 1990 and 1991) |
State of Kuwait |
Flags
edit| Flag | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Flag of Al Anbar Governorate[19] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Babil Governorate | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Baghdad Governorate[20][21] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Basra Governorate[22] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Diyala Governorate[23] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Dhi Qar Governorate | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Duhok Governorate | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Seal of Erbil Governorate[24] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Emblem of Karbala Governorate | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Seal of Maysan Governorate[25] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Muthanna Governorate | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Seal of Najaf Governorate[26] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Nineveh Governorate[27] | White flag charged with the emblem of the governorate. The emblem depicts the leaning minaret of the Great Mosque of al-Nuri, Mosul surrounded by olive branches. Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Saladin Governorate[28][29] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Kirkuk Governorate[30] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate[31] | Ratio: 2:3 | |
| Flag of Sulaymaniyah Governorate[32] | Ratio: 1:2 | |
| Flag of Wasit Governorate | Ratio: 2:3 |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Iraq's Constitution of 2005" (PDF). Constitute Project. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Halabja: City of Peace becomes Kurdistan's fourth province". www.rudaw.net. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "Iraqi Kurdistan government announces Halabja as its fourth province". www.ekurd.net. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "Iraq Ministers Agree Turning Halabja into Province". www.rudaw.net. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "Council of Ministers decisions in Session 54 in 31/12/2013". 31 December 2013. Archived from the original on 6 February 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
- ^ "Halabja on the cusp of ascension to province on 35th anniversary of chemical attack". www.rudaw.net. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "Iraqi parliament postpones vote on Halabja's ascension to province". www.rudaw.net. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "Again, Iraqi parliament postpones voting on the establishment of Halabja governorate". Shafaq News. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "Halabja Governorate Push: Local Leader Renews Call for Official Recognition". Shafaq News. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ "البرلمان يؤجل مجددا التصويت على استحداث محافظة حلبجة". شفق نيوز (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ a b "Resolutions of Council of Ministers For Session No. 3 on 21/1/2014". 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
- ^ "Iraqi Council of Ministers approved new provinces of Tuz Xurmatu and Tal Afar". Kurd Net. 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
- ^ BetBasoo 1 and Kino 2, Peter 1 and Nuri 2 (22 January 2014). "Assyria: Nineveh Plain To Become Iraqi Province". UNPO – Underrepresented Nations & Peoples Organization. Archived from the original on 26 January 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Network, Esta Media (13 March 2023). "Iraq recognizes Halabja as its 19th governorate". Esta Media Network. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
- ^ "Iraq: What is the strategic importance of Hawija?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
- ^ Lucente, Adam (26 April 2020). "In post-Islamic State northern Iraq, demographic changes raise concerns". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ^ "Iraq: Government cracks down on squatters". Refworld. 8 September 2008. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021.
- ^ "Original PDF". doi:10.15438/rr.5.1.7 (inactive 1 November 2024). Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ^ "Anbar governor Ali Farhan al-Dulaimi speaks to AFP at his office in". 7 October 2021. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "Baghdad Governorate (Iraq)". Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "محافظ بغداد يؤكد اتخاذ اجراءات مشددة على المولدات الاهلية لمنع رفع الاسعار". 15 June 2021. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "Gulf 25 inspection team concludes its tour of Basra, holds a press conference – اتحاد كأس الخليج العربي لكرة القدم". Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "Deputy governor of Diyala contracts COVID-19". Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "IRAQ: Ramy Noori appointed mayor of Ankawa District by Erbil Provincial Council". 13 May 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ Arango, Tim (4 May 2013). "A Sadrist Governor is a Folk Hero to Iraqis". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ محافظ النجف الاشرف الدكتور المهندس ماجد الوائلي يستعرض اهم المشاريع في قضاء الكوفة. najaf media. 29 June 2022. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Mosul, Iraq. 2nd July, 2019. New governor of Nineveh Mansour al-Mar'eed speaks to Xinhua in an interview at his office in Nineveh province, Iraq, July 2, 2019. The governor of Iraq's northern province of Nineveh called on the Chinese companies to take part in the reconstruction of its capital Mosul. TO GO WITH: Iraqi governor calls on Chinese companies to take part in reconstruction of Mosul. Credit: Khalil Dawood/Xinhua/Alamy Live News Stock Photo – Alamy". Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "Saladin (Salah ed-Din) Governorate (Iraq)". Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "Chaos prevails in Saladin as two governors lock horns over who runs the governorate". Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "Iraq fires Kirkuk governor in Kurdish referendum stand-off". Financial Times. 14 September 2017. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
- ^ "الموقع الرسمي لمحافظة الديوانية – النائب الثاني لمحافظ الديوانية يتراس اجتماع غرفة عمليات الطاقة في المحافظة". Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ slemani.gov [@SlemaniGov] (14 June 2022). "رەوشی مافەكانی مرۆڤ تاووتوێ دەكرێت https://t.co/iT3fPt3Tui https://t.co/P9ZVqR5vDv https://t.co/xutgAlQztV https://t.co/7M8B9ip87O https://t.co/3JrqGjKZZU https://t.co/xL8fxXDw6I" [The human rights situation will be discussed.] (Tweet) (in Central Kurdish). Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022 – via Twitter.