Abd al-Rahman ibn Amr ibn Muljam al-Muradi (Arabic: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَن ابْنُ عَمْرِو ابْنُ مُلْجَم الْمُرَادِيّ, romanized: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muljam al-Murādī), commonly known simply as Ibn Muljam, was a Kharijite dissident primarily known for having assassinated Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate and the first imam according to the Shia.
Abd al-Rahman ibn Muljam | |
|---|---|
| Born | |
| Died | 31 January 661 |
| Conviction(s) | Murder |
| Criminal penalty | Execution |
| Details | |
| Victims | Ali ibn Abi Talib |
| Date | January 661 |
| Killed | 1 |
| Weapon | Poisoned sword |
Assassination plot
editThere were numerous defections from Ali's camp in the aftermath of the Battle of Siffin. A majority of these defectors gathered under one banner and came to be known as the Kharijites. A number of them met in Mecca and discussed the 659 Battle of Nahrawan, which took place as a consequence of Siffin, wherein most of their men were eradicated while facing Ali's army. They concocted a plot to assassinate three prominent Muslim personalities: Amr ibn Bakr al-Tamimi was to kill Amr ibn al-As, al-Hujjaj al-Tamimi was to kill Mu'awiya ibn Abu Sufyan and ibn Muljam was tasked to kill the caliph, Ali. The assassination attempts were to occur simultaneously as the three Muslims came to lead morning prayer in their respective cities of Fustat, Damascus and Kufa. The method was to come out of the prayer ranks and strike the targets with a sword dipped in poison.[2][additional citation(s) needed] On 22 January of that year, Amr escaped an assassination attempt by the Kharijite Zadawayh or Amr ibn Bakr, who killed Amr's stand-in for the Friday prayers, Kharija ibn Hudhafa, mistaking the latter for Amr.[3][4] When the Kharijite was apprehended and brought before him, Amr proclaimed "You wanted me, but God wanted Kharija!" and he personally executed him.[4]
Assassination of Ali
editOn January 26, 661, while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, Ali was attacked by Ibn Muljam. He was wounded by Ibn Muljam's poison-coated sword while prostrating during the Fajr prayer.[5] Medical treatment for Ali was undertaken by Athir bin Amr as-Sakuni, a leading physician; however, Ali succumbed to his injuries on January 28, 661.[6]
Three days later Ali's son, Hasan ibn Ali, personally performed the execution of Ibn Muljam.
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Center, Sana'a (2020-10-05). "Marib's Tribes Hold the Line Against the Houthi Assault". Sana'a Center For Strategic Studies. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ Cook, David (January 15, 2007). Martyrdom in Islam. Cambridge University Press. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-0521615518.
- ^ Wensinck 1960, p. 451.
- ^ a b Hawting 1996, pp. 223–224.
- ^ Tabatabai 1977, p. 192
- ^ As-Sallabi, Ali Muhammad. Biography of Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Darussalam Publishers.
Cited sources
edit- Hawting, G. R., ed. (1996). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVII: The First Civil War: From the Battle of Siffīn to the Death of ʿAlī, A.D. 656–661/A.H. 36–40. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2393-6.
- Tabatabai, Muhammad Husayn (1977). Shi'ite Islam. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-390-0.
- Wensinck, A. J. (1960). "ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ al-Sahmī". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 451. OCLC 495469456.
Further reading
edit- Kelsay, John (1993). Islam and War: A Study in Comparative Ethics. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25302-8.
- Madelung, Wilferd (1998). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64696-3.