HR 6806 or HD 166620 is a solitary, orange, main sequence, and Sun-like (K2 V) star located thirty-six light-years away,[10] in the constellation Hercules. The star is smaller than the Sun, with around 79% of the solar mass and radius, and 35% of the solar luminosity.[5] It appears to be rotating slowly with an estimated period of 42 days. In 1988, it was noticed that the star had an inactive chromosphere, with a surface magnetic field strength of only 1,500 G.[6] From 1990 activity in the chromosphere increased, inline with a 16 year stellar cycle previously observed. But, sometime after 1994 (exact date unknown because of a data collection gap between 1995 and 2004) chromospheric activity greatly reduced, and has stayed flat for more than 16 years. As of 2022,[update] the star appears to have entered the equivalent of a Maunder minimum.[10] The star is around six billion years of age.[8]
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Hercules |
| Right ascension | 18h 09m 37.41628s[1] |
| Declination | +38° 27′ 27.9959″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 6.40[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | K2 V[3] |
| U−B color index | +0.585[2] |
| B−V color index | +0.875[2] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −19.315±0.0015[1] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −316.520[1] mas/yr Dec.: −468.214[1] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 90.1264 ± 0.0200 mas[1] |
| Distance | 36.189 ± 0.008 ly (11.096 ± 0.002 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 6.17[4] |
| Details | |
| Mass | 0.791+0.014 −0.008[5] M☉ |
| Radius | 0.79+0.02 −0.01[5] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.35[5] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.53[3] cgs |
| Temperature | 4,900[3] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | −0.61[3] dex |
| Rotation | 42 d[6] |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 4.82[7] km/s |
| Age | 5.8–7.1[8] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
There was suspected to be a nearby very cool, and very dim, T9 to Y brown dwarf companion, WISE J180901.07+383805.4, at an angular separation of 769″, which would have corresponded to a projected separation of 8460 AU at the distance of HR 6806. However, with further observation it was found to be bluer than at first thought and more typical of a slightly brighter T7 dwarf, which would place it at a much greater distance of 91 ly (28 pc)—ruling out a physical association. This is confirmed by the differing proper motion of the star and this object.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b c Mermilliod, J.-C. (1986), "Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)", Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data, SIMBAD, Bibcode:1986EgUBV........0M.
- ^ a b c d Gray, R. O.; et al. (July 2006), "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: spectroscopy of stars earlier than M0 within 40 pc-The Southern Sample", The Astronomical Journal, 132 (1): 161–170, arXiv:astro-ph/0603770, Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G, doi:10.1086/504637, S2CID 119476992.
- ^ Holmberg, J.; et al. (July 2009), "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 501 (3): 941–947, arXiv:0811.3982, Bibcode:2009A&A...501..941H, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811191, S2CID 118577511.
- ^ a b c d Marsden, S. C.; et al. (November 2014), "A BCool magnetic snapshot survey of solar-type stars", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 444 (4): 3517–3536, arXiv:1311.3374, Bibcode:2014MNRAS.444.3517M, doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1663.
- ^ a b Basri, Gibor; Marcy, Geoffrey W. (July 1988), "Physical realism in the analysis of stellar magnetic fields", Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, 330: 274–285, Bibcode:1988ApJ...330..274B, doi:10.1086/166471.
- ^ Martínez-Arnáiz, R.; et al. (September 2010), "Chromospheric activity and rotation of FGK stars in the solar vicinity. An estimation of the radial velocity jitter" (PDF), Astronomy and Astrophysics, 520: A79, arXiv:1002.4391, Bibcode:2010A&A...520A..79M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913725, S2CID 43455849, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-22, retrieved 2018-11-04.
- ^ a b Mamajek, Eric E.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (November 2008), "Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics", The Astrophysical Journal, 687 (2): 1264–1293, arXiv:0807.1686, Bibcode:2008ApJ...687.1264M, doi:10.1086/591785, S2CID 27151456.
- ^ "HD 166620". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
- ^ a b Baum, Anna C.; Wright, Jason T.; et al. (March 22, 2022). "Five Decades of Chromospheric Activity in 59 Sun-like Stars and New Maunder Minimum Candidate HD 166620". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (4). American Astronomical Society: 183. arXiv:2203.13376. Bibcode:2022AJ....163..183B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac5683. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ Luhman, Kevin L.; et al. (December 2012), "New M, L, and T Dwarf Companions to Nearby Stars from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer", The Astrophysical Journal, 760 (2): 9, arXiv:1211.3977, Bibcode:2012ApJ...760..152L, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/152, S2CID 51010785, 152.