The educational system[1] generally refers to the structure of all institutions and the opportunities for obtaining education within a country. It includes all pre-school institutions, starting from family education, and/or early childhood education, through kindergarten, primary, secondary, and tertiary schools, then lyceums, colleges, and faculties also known as Higher education (University education). This framework also includes institutions of continuous (further) professional and personal education, as well as private educational institutions.
While the education system is usually regulated and organized according to the relevant laws of a country, a country's education system may have unregulated aspects or dimensions. Typically, an education system is designed to provide education for all sections of a country's society and its members. It comprises everything that goes into educating the population.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognises nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages.[2]
See also
editBibliography
edit- Kallen, Denis (1996) Evaluating and reforming education systems. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OCLC 34560025
- Helmut Fend: Die sozialen und individuellen Funktionen von Bildungssystemen: Enkulturation, Qualifikation, Allokation und Integration. In: Hellekamps, S./Plöger, W./Wittenbruch, W. (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Erziehungswissenschaft. Bd. 3: Schule. Paderborn u. a. 2011, S. 41–53.
- Průcha, Jan. (1999) Vzdělávání a školství ve světě. 1. vyd. Praha: Portál, 320 s. ISBN 80-7178-290-4. S. 16
- Peeter Mehisto, Fred Genesee (2015) Building Bilingual Education Systems, Cambridge University Press,
- Michael Belok, Krishna Gopal (1979) Educational Systems: Occidental and Oriental. Anu Prakashan
- García Garrido, José Luis. (ed.) Diagnosis of the Educational System. Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Calidad y Evaluación (España) 2000
- Sam Kaplan (2006) The Pedagogical State: Education and the Politics of National Culture in Post-1980 Turkiye, Stanford University Press
- Clyde Chitty (1999) The education system transformed. Tisbury : Baseline Book OCLC 493660401
- EURYDICE:European Unit (1988) The Greek education system, Brussels, Published for the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General [for] Employment, Social Affairs and Education OCLC 19918107
- Musa Kraja (1998, 2006) Pedagogjia. Tiranë, OCLC 45276951
Further reading
edit- del Río, Adrián; Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Lutscher, Philipp M. (2024). "Education Policies and Systems Across Modern History: A Global Dataset". Comparative Political Studies.
References
edit- ^ Wallace, Dorothy (2009). "Parts of the Whole: Approaching Education as a System". Vol. 2. doi:10.5038/1936-4660.2.2.9.
- ^ Revision of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), Retrieved 5 April 2012.
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