Demetrios Ypsilantis (alternatively spelled Demetrius Ypsilanti; Greek: Δημήτριος Υψηλάντης, pronounced [ðiˈmitri.os ipsiˈla(n)dis]; Romanian: Dumitru Ipsilanti, Russian: Дмитрий Константинович Ипсиланти, romanized: Dmitriy Konstantinovich Ipsilanti; 1793 – 16 August 1832) was a Greek army officer who served in both the Hellenic Army and the Imperial Russian Army. Ypsilantis played an important role in the Greek War of Independence, leading several key battles. He was also member of the Filiki Eteria and the younger brother of Alexander Ypsilantis.
Dimitrios Ypsilantis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | |
| Born | 1793 Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (now Istanbul, Turkey) |
| Died | 16 August 1832 (aged 38–39) Nafplion, First Hellenic Republic |
| Allegiance | Russian Empire First Hellenic Republic |
| Service | Imperial Russian Army Filiki Etaireia Greek Revolutionary Army Hellenic Army |
| Years of service | 1814–1832 |
| Commands | General of the First Hellenic Republic |
| Battles / wars | |
| Relations | Alexandros Ypsilantis (grandfather) Constantine Ypsilantis (father) Alexandros Ypsilantis (brother) Manto Mavrogenous (mistress) |
| Signature |  |
Early life
editA member of Phanariote noble Ypsilantis family, he was the second son of Prince Constantine Ypsilantis of Moldavia and Elisavet Ypsilanti. He was sent to France where he was educated at a French military school.
Union of Moldavia and Wallachia
editHe distinguished himself as a Russian officer in the campaign of 1814.[1]
In 1821 he took part in the Wallachian uprising under the leadership of his brother Alexandros, that indirectly benefited the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia.[2]
The Greek War of Independence
editAfter the failure of the uprising in Wallachia, he went to the Morea (Peloponessus), where the Greek War of Independence had just broken out, as representative of Filiki Etaireia and his brother.
He was one of the most conspicuous of the Phanariote leaders during the early stages of the revolt, though he was much hampered by the local chiefs and by the civilian element headed by Alexandros Mavrokordatos;[1] as a result the organisation of a regular army was slowed and operations were limited.[3] He took part in the sieges of Tripolitsa, Nafplion and the Battle of Dervenakia, securing the Greek dominion in Morea.
On 15 January 1822, he was elected president of the legislative assembly. However, due to the failure of his campaign in central Greece, and his failure to obtain a commanding position in the national convention of Astros, he was compelled to retire in 1823.[4] After the landing of Ibrahim at Morea, he took part in the defence of Naplion in the Battle of the Lerna Mills.
In 1828, he was appointed in the new established regular army by Ioannis Kapodistrias as commander of the troops in eastern Greece. On 25 September 1829, he successfully compelled Aslan Bey to capitulate at the Pass of Petra (Battle of Petra), thus ending the active operations of the war.[4]
Personal life
editHe was known for an affair with Manto Mavrogenous, who was a Greek heroine of the Greek War of Independence.
Death
editHe died due to illness in Nafplion on 16 August 1832.
Legacy
edit- The city of Ypsilanti, Michigan, US; founded in 1823, during the Greek struggle for independence; is named after him.[5] A bust of Demetrios Ypsilanti stands between American and Greek flags at the base of the landmark Ypsilanti Water Tower.
- Ypsilanti, North Dakota, US, was named by a person from Ypsilanti, Michigan, and is thus also indirectly named after Demetrios Ypsilantis.
- Ypsilanti in Talbot County, Georgia, US, was once a relatively important cotton growing centre but “is now (2010) merely a crossroads with a reported five residences."[6]
See also
edit- Alexander Ypsilantis (1725-1805), his grandfather
- Constantine Ypsilantis, his father
- Alexander Ypsilantis (1792-1828), his brother
- Manto Mavrogenous, his fiancée and the love of his life
References
edit- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ypsilanti s.v. Demetrios Ypsilanti". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 942.
- ^ East, The Union of Moldavia and Wallachia, 1859, p. 8.
- ^ John S. Koliopoulos, Brigands with a Cause – Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece 1821–1912, Clarendon Press Oxford (1987), p. 68.
- ^ a b Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Scriba, Jay (15 October 1970). "From Sleepy Eye to Chicken Bristle, USA". The Milwaukee Journal. Retrieved 22 April 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Ypsilanti's Yonder – Ypsilanti Gleanings". Retrieved 27 August 2016.
Sources
edit- East, The Union of Moldavia and Wallachia, 1859 – An Episode in Diplomatic History, Thirlwall Prize Essay for 1927, Cambridge University Press (1929).