Cardinham (Cornish: Kardhinan) (the spelling 'Cardynham' is almost obsolete) is a civil parish and a village in mid Cornwall, England. The village is approximately three-and-a-half miles (6 km) east-northeast of Bodmin.[1] The hamlets of Fletchersbridge, Millpool, Milltown, Mount, Old Cardinham Castle and Welltown are in the parish.[2]
Cardinham
| |
|---|---|
 Cardinham Church | |
  Cardinham Location within Cornwall | |
| Population | 623 (Civil Parish, 2011) |
| OS grid reference | SX122687 |
| Civil parish |
|
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BODMIN |
| Postcode district | PL30 |
| Dialling code | 01208 |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall |
| Fire | Cornwall |
| Ambulance | South Western |
| UK Parliament | |
Large areas, which were once deciduous woodland, are now plantations of conifers known as Cardinham Woods and managed by Forestry England. Edmund John Glynn, of Glynn House in the parish, rebuilt the house at Glynn in 1805 (it has a front of nine bays and a portico).[3]
Early history
editRichard Fitz Turold (Thorold) was an Anglo-Norman landowner of the eleventh century, mentioned in the Domesday Survey. He had a castle at Cardinham,[4] where he was a major tenant and steward of Robert of Mortain. The holding included the manor of Penhallam.[5] His son was William Fitz Richard of Cardinham. Restormel Castle belonged to the Cardinhams in the 12th century, until Andrew de Cardinham's daughter married Thomas de Tracey. Cardinham Castle remained in the family (succeeded by the Dinhams) until the 14th century and later became a ruin.[6] The manor of Cardinham is one of the few where the custom of Free Bench is recorded: by this a widow could retain tenure of the land until she remarried.
The Tenant-in-chief of the manor of Glynn as recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) was Robert, Count of Mortain; when it was one of several manors held by Osferth of Okehampton, County Devon, who had also held it before 1066 and paid tax for 1 virgate of land. There was land for 2 ploughs. There were 1 plough, 1 serf, 2 villeins, 6 smallholders, 100 acres of woodland, 40 acres of pasture, 4 unbroken mares, 2 cows, 24 sheep and 7 goats. The value of the manor was 10 shillings though it has formerly been worth £2 sterling.[7] As of 25 May 2019, the titles of Baron of Cardinham (Feudal barony of Cardinham) and Lord of the Manor of Cardinham are jointly held by an American citizen.
Climate
editThe highest temperature recorded is 31.6 °C on 11 August 2022[8] and the lowest is -8.2 °C on 7 February 1991.
| Climate data for Cardinham 200m amsl (1981–2010) (extremes 1990–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.1 (57.4) |
31.6 (88.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) |
8.0 (46.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
13.2 (55.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) |
2.6 (36.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
4.7 (40.5) |
7.6 (45.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
8.3 (46.9) |
5.5 (41.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.0 (44.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.1 (19.2) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.7 (36.9) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
7.9 (46.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 148.0 (5.83) |
110.2 (4.34) |
104.0 (4.09) |
89.8 (3.54) |
87.0 (3.43) |
81.2 (3.20) |
96.9 (3.81) |
96.0 (3.78) |
100.1 (3.94) |
155.8 (6.13) |
161.1 (6.34) |
155.1 (6.11) |
1,385.2 (54.54) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 17.7 | 13.5 | 15.1 | 13.1 | 11.7 | 10.9 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 12.7 | 17.4 | 17.9 | 17.1 | 172.9 |
| Source 1: Met Office[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: en.tutiempo[10][8] | |||||||||||||
Parish church
editThe parish church is dedicated to St Meubred: it has north and south aisles and a tower of granite. The chancel suffered bomb damage in World War II. In the church is the brass of Thomas Awmarle, rector of Cardinham, d. 1401?[11]
Two freestanding Celtic crosses of stone, bearing inscriptions in Latin have been found in Cardinham; both had been embedded in the walls of the fifteenth-century church and were moved after their discovery to the churchyard. One has been dated to the fifth to eighth centuries, the other to the tenth or eleventh centuries:[12] Arthur Langdon (1896) also records five other stone crosses in the parish.[13] Andrew Langdon (1996) records two crosses in the churchyard, Higher Deviock Cross, Pinsla Cross at Glynn, Poundstock Cross, Treslea or Wydeyeat Cross and Treslea Down Cross.[14]
China clay
editThe former quarry of the Glynn Valley China Clay Works has closed down and is now flooded. It was in operation from the 1940s but since 2015 a shipping container on the edge of the lake has been used for tourist accommodation.[15]
Cornish wrestling
editCornish wrestling tournaments, for prizes were held in Cardinham in the 1800s.[16] In addition, the Duke of Cornwall Rifles held tournaments here.[17]
Notable residents
edit- Lieutenant General Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian, GCB, GCH, PC (1775–1842), lived at Glynn House
- Peter D. Mitchell, biochemist and Nobel Prize winner, founded Glynn Research Ltd in Glynn House.
- Cassie Patten, the British Olympic swimmer, was born at Cardinham.
- John Penrose, born in Cardinham, where his father, also named John, was vicar of the parish. He was afterwards Vicar of Poundstock.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 200 Newquay & Bodmin ISBN 978-0-319-22938-5
- ^ Cornwall; Explore Britain
- ^ Pevsner, N. (1970) Cornwall, 2nd ed. Penguin Books
- ^ Flying Past – The Historic Environment of Cornwall: The First Farms
- ^ Pastscape – Detailed Result: PENHALLAM MANOR
- ^ Cornish Church Cuide (1925) Truro: Blackford; pp. 71-72
- ^ Thorn, C. et al., ed. (1979) Cornwall, Chichester: Phillimore; entry 5,13,5
- ^ a b "03823: Cardinham (United Kingdom)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
- ^ "Cardinham Climate Period: 1981–2010". Met Office. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
- ^ "Climate CARDINHAM - Climate data (38230)".
- ^ Dunkin, E. (1882) Monumental Brasses. London, Spottiswoode
- ^ "Directory records | North Lanarkshire Council". www.northlanarkshire.gov.uk. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ Langdon, A. G. (1896) Old Cornish Crosses. Truro: Joseph Pollard
- ^ Langdon, A. G. (2005) Stone Crosses in East Cornwall; 2nd ed. Federation of Old Cornwall Societies; pp. 28-33
- ^ Wills, Dixe (2016-07-02) "Ship me to Cornwall … a container stay on Bodmin Moor: review"; The Guardian, p. 5
- ^ The West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser, 30 May 1872, p5.
- ^ West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser, 6 August 1885.
- Soulsby, Ian N. (1976) Richard Fitz Turold, Lord of Penhallam, Cornwall, in: Medieval Archaeology; vol. 20 (1976) pp. 146–48, online PDF
- Davis, Philip. "Cardinham Castle". Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
Further reading
edit- Maclean, John (1872–79) The Parochial and Family History of the Deanery of Trigg Minor. 3 vols. London: Nichols & Son
External links
edit Media related to Cardinham at Wikimedia Commons