Wurtsmith Air Force Base is a decommissioned United States Air Force base in Iosco County, Michigan. Near Lake Huron, it operated for seventy years, from 1923 until decommissioned in 1993. On January 18, 1994, Wurtsmith was listed as a Superfund site, due to extensive groundwater contamination with heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, including trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and vinyl chloride. In 2010, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances contamination was discovered, and as of 2022 remediation is still ongoing.
Wurtsmith Air Force Base | |
|---|---|
| Part of Air/Aersopace Defense Command (ADC) and Strategic Air Command (SAC) | |
| Oscoda Township, Iosco County, Michigan | |
 2006 USGS Airphoto. Note the christmas tree alert staging area at top center. | |
  Wurtsmith Air Force Base Location of Wurtsmith Air Force Base | |
| Coordinates | 44°27′09″N 083°22′49″W / 44.45250°N 83.38028°W |
| Type | Air Force Base |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by | United States Air Force |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1923 |
| In use | 1923–1993 |
| Garrison information | |
| Garrison | 379th Bombardment Wing |
During the Cold War, Wurtsmith was one of three Strategic Air Command (SAC) bases in Michigan with the B-52 bomber, the others (Kincheloe AFB and Sawyer AFB) were in the Upper Peninsula. The base was named in honor of Major General Paul Wurtsmith, commander of SAC's Eighth Air Force, who was killed when his B-25 Mitchell bomber crashed on Cold Mountain near Asheville, North Carolina, on September 13, 1946.[1][2]
In 2022, Granot Loma was being touted as a potential space port in the Upper Peninsula,[3] in tandem with Wurtsmith.[3]
Previous names
edit- Camp Skeel, November 1931
- Oscoda Army Air Field, August 1942
- Oscoda Air Force Base, 24 June 1948
- Wurtsmith Air Force Base, 15 February 1953 – 30 June 1993
Major commands to which assigned
edit- General Headquarters Air Force, 26 June 1936
- Third Air Force, 2 September 1942
- Air Service Command, 12 December 1942
- Third Air Force, 5 March 1943
- First Air Force, 14 August 1943
- Continental Air Forces, 16 April 1945
- Re-designated Strategic Air Command, 21 March 1946
- Continental Air Command,1 January 1949
- Air Defense Command, 1 January 1951
- Strategic Air Command, 1 April 1960
- Air Combat Command, 1 June 1992 – 30 June 1993
Major units assigned
edit- First Pursuit Group, 15 October 1927
- 100th Base HQ and Air Base Squadron, 31 October 1942
- 524th Base HQ and Air Base Squadron, 21 June 1943
- 134th AAF Base Unit, 14 April 1944 – 12 April 1945
- 4301st Base Services Squadron, 1 August 1948
- Re-designated 2476th Base Service Squadron, 1 January 1949
- Re-designated 4655th Base Service Squadron, 1 December 1950
- 332d Fighter Group, 2 April 1943 – 9 July 1943
- 100th Fighter Squadron, 29 October 1943 – 8 November 1943
- 301st Fighter Squadron, 21 May 1943 – 10 July 1943
- 302d Fighter Squadron, 19 November 1943 – December 1943
- 403d Fighter Squadron, May 1943 – 15 December 1943
- 754th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 27 November 1950 – 20 July 1951
- 63d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 5 January 1951 – 17 August 1955
- 527th Air Service Group
- Re-designated 527th Air Defense Group, 16 February 1953 – 15 October 1955
- 75th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 1 October 1968 - 30 November 1969
- 445th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 15 August 1955 – 30 September 1968
- 31st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 8 June 1956 – 20 August 1957
- 18th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 20 August 1957 – 27 April 1960
- 4026th Strategic Wing, 1 August 1958 – 9 January 1961
- 40th Air Division, 1 July 1959 – 8 June 1988
- 920th Air Refueling Squadron, 15 July 1960 – 15 June 1993
- 379th Bombardment Wing, 9 January 1961 – 30 June 1993
- 94th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 1 December 1969 - 30 June 1971
Environmental contamination
editOn January 18, 1994 Wurtsmith was listed as a Superfund due to extensive groundwater contamination with heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, including trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and vinyl chloride.
In March 2010 the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) became aware of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances concentrations in groundwater, when EGLE staff sampled at a former fire training area on the base. Air Force completed the PFAS Preliminary Assessment, Site Inspection, and planned the Remedial Investigation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Air Force performed three removal actions and planned two interim remedial actions.[4] On November 1, 2017, more than twenty-two years after being listed as a superfundsite Wurtsmith held its first Restoration Advisory Board meeting.[5]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Wurtsmith Restoration Advisory Board (RAB) meetings became virtual events, yet in August 2021 RAB members said that progress was made on the WAFB cleanup, and that the relationship between the Air Force and the community has improved.[6]
See also
edit- Michigan World War II Army Airfields
- Central Air Defense Force (Air Defense Command)
References
edit This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- ^ "Dedication Program of Wurtsmith Air Force Base, July 4th, 1953". wafb.net.
- ^ "Major General Paul B. Wurtsmith 1906 - 1946". wafb.net.
- ^ a b Rompf, David (24 April 2022). "U.S. Journal: The Plan to Make Michigan the Next Space State: Residents are up in arms about a proposed spaceport project, the first of its kind in the Midwest, which would involve launching rockets near the shoreline of Lake Superior". The New Yorker.
- ^ "PFAS Response - Former Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Iosco County". www.michigan.gov.
- ^ Air Force Civil Engineer Center Office of Public Affairs (20 October 2017). "Wurtsmith RAB to hold first official meeting Nov. 1" (PDF). www.afcec.af.mil. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ Haglund, Jenny (17 August 2021). "Most RAB meeting attendees pleased with progress at Wurtsmith". Oscoda Press (MI). Retrieved 5 August 2022.
Further reading
edit- Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1961 (republished 1983, Office of Air Force History, ISBN 0-912799-02-1).
- Ravenstein, Charles A. Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Office of Air Force History 1984. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington, D.C. ISBN 0-912799-53-6, ISBN 0-16-002261-4
- USAF Aerospace Defense Command publication, The Interceptor, January 1979 (Volume 21, Number 1).