Surat Buhid is an abugida used to write the Buhid language. As a Brahmic script indigenous to the Philippines, it closely related to Baybayin and Hanunó'o. It is still used today by the Mangyans, found mainly on island of Mindoro, to write their language, Buhid, together with the Filipino latin script.
| Buhid ᝊᝓᝑᝒ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Script type | |
Time period | c. 1300–present |
| Direction | Left-to-right  |
| Languages | Buhid, Tagalog[1] |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Sister systems |
|
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Buhd (372), Buhid |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Buhid |
| U+1740–U+175F | |
There are efforts to reinvigorate the use of Surat Buhid.[2] Buhid script use varies across Northern (Bansud area) and Southern Buhid (Bongabong) communities.[3]
Structure
editThe Buhid script has 18 independent characters; 15 are consonants and 3 vowels. As an abugida, there are additional diacritic vowels. Consonants have an inherent /a/ vowel. The other two vowels are indicated by a diacritic above (for /i/) or below (for /u/) the consonant. Depending on the consonant, ligatures are formed, changing the shape of the consonant-vowel combination.[4] Vowels at the beginning of syllables are represented by their own, independent characters. Syllables ending in a consonant are written without the final consonant.[5]
| vowels | consonants | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| independent | dependent | |||||||||||||||
ᝀ a
|
ᝃ ka
|
ᝄ ga
|
ᝅ nga
|
ᝆ ta
|
ᝇ da
|
ᝈ na
|
ᝉ pa
|
ᝊ ba
|
ᝋ ma
|
ᝌ ya
|
ᝍ ra
|
ᝎ la
|
ᝏ wa
|
ᝐ sa
|
ᝑ ha
| |
ᝁ i
|
◌ᝒ i
|
ᝃ + ◌ᝒ ᝃᝒ ki
|
ᝄ + ◌ᝒ ᝄᝒ gi
|
ᝅ + ◌ᝒ ᝅᝒ ngi
|
ᝆ + ◌ᝒ ᝆᝒ ti
|
ᝇ + ◌ᝒ ᝇᝒ di
|
ᝈ + ◌ᝒ ᝈᝒ ni
|
ᝉ + ◌ᝒ ᝉᝒ pi
|
ᝊ + ◌ᝒ ᝊᝒ bi
|
ᝋ + ◌ᝒ ᝋᝒ mi
|
ᝌ + ◌ᝒ ᝌᝒ yi
|
ᝍ + ◌ᝒ ᝍᝒ ri
|
ᝎ + ◌ᝒ ᝎᝒ li
|
ᝏ + ◌ᝒ ᝏᝒ wi
|
ᝐ + ◌ᝒ ᝐᝒ si
|
ᝑ + ◌ᝒ ᝑᝒ hi
|
ᝂ u
|
◌ᝓ u
|
ᝃ + ◌ᝓ ᝃᝓ ku
|
ᝄ + ◌ᝓ ᝄᝓ gu
|
ᝅ + ◌ᝓ ᝅᝓ ngu
|
ᝆ + ◌ᝓ ᝆᝓ tu
|
ᝇ + ◌ᝓ ᝇᝓ du
|
ᝈ + ◌ᝓ ᝈᝓ nu
|
ᝉ + ◌ᝓ ᝉᝓ pu
|
ᝊ + ◌ᝓ ᝊᝓ bu
|
ᝋ + ◌ᝓ ᝋᝓ mu
|
ᝌ + ◌ᝓ ᝌᝓ yu
|
ᝍ + ◌ᝓ ᝍᝓ ru
|
ᝎ + ◌ᝓ ᝎᝓ lu
|
ᝏ + ◌ᝓ ᝏᝓ wu
|
ᝐ + ◌ᝓ ᝐᝓ su
|
ᝑ + ◌ᝓ ᝑᝓ hu
|
The letter order of the Buhid alphabet Buhid, is based on phonetic principles that consider both the manner and place of articulation of the consonants and vowels they represent.
Buhid writing makes use of single ᜵ and double ᜶ danda punctuation marks.[4]
Unicode
editBuhid script was added to the Unicode Standard in March, 2002 with the release of version 3.2.
The Unicode block for Buhid is U+1740–U+175F:
| Buhid[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+174x | ᝀ | ᝁ | ᝂ | ᝃ | ᝄ | ᝅ | ᝆ | ᝇ | ᝈ | ᝉ | ᝊ | ᝋ | ᝌ | ᝍ | ᝎ | ᝏ |
| U+175x | ᝐ | ᝑ | ᝒ | ᝓ | ||||||||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Buhid language and alphabet".
- ^ Catapang, Emerenciana (2014). "Reviving the Hanunoo and Buhid Mangyan syllabic scripts of the Philippines" (PDF). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Endangered Scripts of Island Southeast Asia.
- ^ "Buhid". Mangyan Heritage Center. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01.
- ^ a b "Chapter 17: Indonesia and Oceania" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. March 2020.
- ^ Everson, Michael (1998-11-23). "N1933 Revised proposal for encoding the Philippine scripts in the UCS" (PDF).
External links
edit- About Buhid in omniglot.com
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