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Brookings Report

Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities for Human Affairs, often referred to as "the Brookings Report", was a 1960 report commissioned by NASA and created by the Brookings Institution in collaboration with NASA's Committee on Long-Range Studies. It was submitted to the House Committee on Science and Astronautics of the United States House of Representatives in the 87th United States Congress[1] on April 18, 1961.[2]

Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities For Human Affairs
AuthorsMichael, Donald N.; Baranson, Jack; Bauer, Raymond A.; Meier, Richard L.; Nadel, Aaron B.; Shepard, Herbert A.; Striner, Herbert E.; Wright, Christopher
LanguageEnglish
SubjectMeteorology and Climatology, Communications and Radar, Aircraft design, Testing and Performance, Aeronautics
Publication date
1 December 1960
Publication placeUnited States
Pages250
TextProposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities For Human Affairs at Google Books

Significance

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The report has become noted for one short section entitled "The implications of a discovery of extraterrestrial life", which examines the potential implications of such a discovery on public attitudes and values. The section briefly considers possible public reactions to some possible scenarios for the discovery of extraterrestrial life, stressing a need for further research in this area. It recommended continuing studies to determine the likely social impact of such a discovery and its effects on public attitudes, including study of the question of how leadership should handle information about such a discovery and under what circumstances leaders might or might not find it advisable to withhold such information from the public. The significance of this section of the report is a matter of controversy. Persons who believe that extraterrestrial life has already been confirmed and that this information is being withheld by government from the public sometimes turn to this section of the report as support for their view. Frequently cited passages from this section of the report are drawn both from its main body[3] and from its footnotes.[4]

The report has been mentioned in newspapers such as The New York Times,[5] The Baltimore Sun,[6] The Washington Times,[7] and the Huffington Post.[8]

Background and context

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The report was entered into the Congressional Record, which is currently archived at over 1110 libraries as part of the Federal Depository Library Program.[9]

The main author Donald N. Michael was a "social psychologist with a background in the natural sciences." "He was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Psychological Association, the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues and the World Academy of Art and Science."[10]

Over 50 years after the report was initially released the Brookings Institution again focused on space policy[11] by hosting "several panels of experts to discuss topics such as the economic benefits of private industry’s involvement, the scientific discoveries resulting from NASA’s continued space efforts and the potential for future exploration, and the government’s policies and decision making process."[12]

Content

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Although the report discusses the need for research on many policy issues related to space exploration, it is most often cited for passages from its brief section on the implications of a discovery of extraterrestrial life. (See Section #Use in discussions about possible cover-ups)

Table of contents

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The report contains the following chapters:[3]: 5 

  1. Introduction: Goals and Methods
  2. Comments on the Organization and Functions of a NASA Social Science Research Capability
  3. Implications of Satellite-Based Communications Systems
  4. Implications of a Space-Derived Weather Predicting System
  5. The Implications of Technological By-products
  6. Implications for Government Operations and Personnel Use
  7. Implications for Space Industries
  8. General Implications for International Affairs and Foreign Policy
  9. Attitudes and Values
  10. Positivity and Unity

Use in discussions about possible cover-ups

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The report is sometimes mentioned in discussions about possible government cover-ups of evidence of extraterrestrial life, such as discussions under blog entries of skeptic astronomer Phil Plait.[13] Sometimes these mentions point out the existence of the report, sometimes they argue that the report is evidence of extraterrestrial life. For example, Richard C. Hoagland, a proponent of conspiracy theories, argues that the report, by outlining plausible motives for government suppression of a discovery of extraterrestrial intelligence, furnishes evidence of an ongoing cover-up of intelligent extraterrestrial life already discovered.[14] The National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena thinks the "report gives weight to previous thinking by scholars who have suggested that the earth already may be under close scrutiny by advanced space races."[15]

In an email published by The Virtually Strange Network, entitled "Brookings Report Re-examined", Keith Woodard writes that the Brookings Report:

...did raise the possibility of withholding information, but took no position on its advisability. 'Questions one might wish to answer by such studies,' intoned the report, 'would include: how might such information, under what circumstances, be presented to or withheld from the public for what ends? What might be the role of the discovering scientists and other decision makers regarding release of the fact of discovery?' Those two sentences comprise the report's entire commentary on the subject of covering up the truth.[16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Michael, Donald N. (1961-03-24). Proposed studies on the implications of peaceful space activities for human affairs. HathiTrust digital library. p. 5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ "Congressional Record (Bound Edition) - House of Representatives: April 18, 1961, Volume 107, Part 5". p. 6199. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  3. ^ a b Michael, Donald N.; Baranson, Jack; Bauer, Raymond A.; Meier, Richard L.; Nadel, Aaron B.; Shepard, Herbert A.; Striner, Herbert E.; Wright, Christopher (December 1960). Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities For Human Affairs (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. NASA Document ID: 19640053196; NASA Report/Patent Number: NASA-CR-55643. Archived from the original on 2019-03-09. Retrieved 2019-03-06.
  4. ^ Michael, Donald N.; Baranson, Jack; Bauer, Raymond A.; Meier, Richard L.; Nadel, Aaron B.; Shepard, Herbert A.; Striner, Herbert E.; Wright, Christopher (December 1960). Footnotes for Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities For Human Affairs (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. NASA Document ID: 19640053194; NASA Report/Patent Number: NASA-CR-55640. Archived from the original on 2019-03-09. Retrieved 2019-03-06.
  5. ^ "Mankind is Warned to Prepare For Discovery of Life in Space". The New York Times (abstract). UPI. 15 December 1960. Retrieved 2012-11-16. Transcription Archived 2018-07-23 at the Wayback Machine of article courtesy of The Enterprise Mission website.
  6. ^ "The World Of Future". The Baltimore Sun. 26 February 1961. p. A26.
  7. ^ Coia, David Alan (25 August 1993). "Mars watchers see extraterrestrial cover-up". The Washington Times. p. A1.
  8. ^ Speigel, Lee (2014-01-27). "Google Images Reveal Triangular Moon Mystery: Could It Be An ET Colony?". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  9. ^ "U.S. Senate: How to find the Congressional Record". www.senate.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  10. ^ Crowfoot, James (2000-11-20). "Obituaries". Record of the University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  11. ^ Dews, Fred (2014-05-12). "Communications, Technology, and Extraterrestrial Life: The Advice Brookings Gave NASA about the Space Program in 1960". Brookings. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  12. ^ "The Future of the U.S. Space Program". Brookings. 2014-05-14. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  13. ^ Plait, Phil (September 1, 2010). "Why astronomers don't report UFOs". Discover magazine. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
  14. ^ Hoagland, Richard C. "The 'Brookings Report'". The Enterprise Mission. Archived from the original on 2019-10-28. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
  15. ^ "Space-life Report Could Be Shock" (PDF). The U.F.O. Investigator. 1 (11). National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (NICAP): 5. December 1960 – January 1961. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-25. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
  16. ^ Woodard, Keith (30 November 1997). "Brookings Report Re-examined". virtuallystrange.net. Archived from the original on 2002-10-28. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
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  • Main report via the Internet Archive copy of the NASA technical reports server.
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