Astacus (from the Greek αστακός, astacós, meaning "lobster" or "crayfish")[1] is a genus of crayfish found in Europe, comprising three extant (living) species and three extinct fossil species.[2]
| Astacus | |
|---|---|
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| Astacus astacus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Infraorder: | Astacidea |
| Superfamily: | Astacoidea |
| Family: | Astacidae |
| Genus: | Astacus Fabricius, 1775 |
| Species | |
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Due to the crayfish plague, crayfish of this genus have declined in many European regions, being replaced by the invasive North American signal crayfish, which carries the plague but is unaffected by it.[3]
Classification
editAstacus belongs to the family Astacidae, one of the three families of Northern Hemisphere freshwater crayfish within the superfamily Astacoidea. The internal phylogeny of Astacidae can be shown in the cladogram below:[2]
Extant species
edit- Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1775) - known as the "European crayfish", "noble crayfish" or "broad-fingered crayfish" - it is distributed across Europe, in France throughout Central Europe, to the Balkan Peninsula, and north as far as parts of the British Isles, Scandinavia, and the western parts of the former Soviet Union. It is the species of crayfish with the largest natural distribution in Europe, and a traditional foodstuff. Like other crayfish, A. astacus is restricted to fresh water, living only in unpolluted streams, rivers, and lakes. Males may grow up to 16 cm long, and females up to 12 cm.
- Astacus balcanicus (Karaman, 1929) - found in the Vardar river basin, Lake Pamvotida (Greece) and Lake Ohrid (North Macedonia/eastern Albania)
- Astacus colchicus Kessler, 1876 - can be found in Rioni river basin (Georgia)
Fossil species
edit- ?†Astacus edwardsii Van Straelen, 1928 - France - proposed to new genus Emplastron in 2021 study[4]
- †Astacus laevissimus Fritsch & Kafka, 1887 - Czech Republic
- †Astacus multicavatus Bell, 1863 - United Kingdom
References
edit- ^ Emmanuil Koutrakis; Yoichi Machino; Dimitra Mylona; Costas Perdikaris (2009). "Crayfish terminology in Ancient Greek, Latin, and other European languages" (PDF). Crustaceana. 82 (12): 1535–1546. doi:10.1163/001121609X12475745628586. Archived from the original (PDF proof) on 2011-07-21.
- ^ a b Crandall, Keith A.; De Grave, Sammy (2017). "An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 37 (5): 615–653. doi:10.1093/jcbiol/rux070.
- ^ "Noble crayfish (Astacus astacus)". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2008-03-28. Retrieved May 6, 2007.
- ^ O'Flynn, Robert J.; Audo, Denis; Kawai, Tadashi (2021-10-01). "Systematic Revision and Palaeobiology of Emplastron edwardsi (Van Straelen, 1928) gen. et comb. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Astacidae) Entombed within Travertine, from Sézanne, France". Paleontological Research. 25 (4). doi:10.2517/2021PR007. ISSN 1342-8144.