4276 Clifford, provisional designation1981 XA is an asteroid and sizable Mars-crosser from the innermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 2 December 1981, by American astronomers Edward Bowell at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, United States. The asteroid was named in honor of astronomer and writer Clifford Cunningham.[3]
| Discovery [1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | E. Bowell |
| Discovery site | Lowell Obs. |
| Discovery date | 2 December 1981 |
| Designations | |
| (4276) Clifford | |
Named after | Clifford Cunningham (Canadian astronomer)[2] |
| 1981 XA | |
| Mars-crosser [1][3] · main belt | |
| Orbital characteristics [1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 35.67 yr (13,027 days) |
| Aphelion | 2.4195 AU |
| Perihelion | 1.5994 AU |
| 2.0095 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.2041 |
| 2.85 yr (1,040 days) | |
| 186.63° | |
| 0° 20m 45.6s / day | |
| Inclination | 21.033° |
| 76.881° | |
| 3.5494° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 4.441±1.128 km[4] |
| 0.142±0.107[4] | |
| SMASS = Cb [1] | |
| 14.6[1] | |
Orbit and classification
editClifford is a member of the group of main-belt asteroids known as Mars-crosser asteroids, specifically, it is listed as an Outer-grazer.[citation needed] It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.6–2.4 AU once every 2 years and 10 months (1,040 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]
Physical characteristics
editIn the SMASS classification, Clifford is a Cb-type, which transitions from the carbonaceous C-type asteroids to the rare B-type asteroids.[1]
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Clifford measures 4.441 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.142.[4] As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained of Clifford. Its rotation period and shape remain unknown.[5]
Naming
editThis minor planet was named after Canadian astronomer and author Clifford Cunningham, who is best known for his 1988 published book Introduction to Asteroids and 5-volume history of asteroid studies published by Springer in 2016 and 2017. He received his Ph.D. in the history of astronomy in 2015. His astronomical work includes astrometry and photometry of minor planets.[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 April 1990 (M.P.C. 16248).[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4276 Clifford (1981 XA)" (2017-06-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(4276) Clifford". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4276) Clifford. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 366. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4236. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
- ^ a b "4276 Clifford (1981 XA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ a b c Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. S2CID 9341381. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ "LCDB Data for (4276) Clifford". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
External links
edit- Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Archived 16 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine)
- Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
- Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)–(5000) – Minor Planet Center
- 4276 Clifford at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 4276 Clifford at the JPL Small-Body Database