Vesicular acetylcholine transporter

SLC18A3
Identifiers
Aliases	SLC18A3, VACHT, solute carrier family 18 member A3, CMS21
External IDs	OMIM: 600336; MGI: 1101061; HomoloGene: 11022; GeneCards: SLC18A3; OMA:SLC18A3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (human)
End	49,612,720 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (mouse)
End	32,186,807 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	gonad; ; putamen; ; caudate nucleus; ; placenta; ; muscle layer of sigmoid colon; ; nucleus accumbens; ; Hypothalamus; ; C1 segment; ; muscle tissue; ; Pituitary Gland;
	Top expressed in
	lumbar subsegment of spinal cord; ; facial motor nucleus; ; anterior horn of spinal cord; ; habenula; ; neural tube; ; embryo; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; basal plate; ; embryo; ; neural layer of retina;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	acetylcholine binding; acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; plasma membrane; clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane; AP-2 adaptor complex; AP-1 adaptor complex; clathrin-coated vesicle membrane; presynapse; membrane; terminal bouton;
Biological process	neurotransmitter transport; neurotransmitter secretion; transmembrane transport; ammonium transmembrane transport; membrane organization; xenobiotic transmembrane transport; organic cation transport; acetate ester transport;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6572
	20508
	ENSG00000187714
	ENSMUSG00000100241
	Q16572
	O35304; Q3TYJ1
	NM_003055
	NM_021712
	NP_003046
	NP_068358
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

The Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) is a neurotransmitter transporter which is responsible for loading acetylcholine (ACh) into secretory organelles in neurons making acetylcholine available for secretion.^[5]^[6] It is encoded by Solute carrier family 18, member 3 (SLC18A3) gene, located within the first intron of the choline acetyltransferase gene. VAChT is able to transport ACh into vesicles by relying on an exchange between protons (H⁺) that were previously pumped into the vesicle diffusing out, thus acting as an antiporter. ACh molecules are then carried into the vesicle by the action of exiting protons.^[7] Acetylcholine transport utilizes a proton gradient established by a vacuolar ATPase.

VAChT uptake inhibitors

Radiolabeled compounds

PET imaging of the VAChT may provide insights into early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

(−)-trans-2-Hydroxy-3-(4-(4-[¹⁸F]fluorobenzoyl)piperidino)tetralin; racemate: Ki = 2.70 nM for VAChT, 191 nM for σ1, and 251 nM for σ2^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187714 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000100241 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Erickson JD, Varoqui H (Dec 2000). "Molecular analysis of vesicular amine transporter function and targeting to secretory organelles". FASEB Journal. 14 (15): 2450–8. doi:10.1096/fj.00-0206rev. PMID 11099462. S2CID 15305436.
^ Weihe E, Tao-Cheng JH, Schäfer MK, Erickson JD, Eiden LE (Apr 1996). "Visualization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in cholinergic nerve terminals and its targeting to a specific population of small synaptic vesicles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (8): 3547–52. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.3547W. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3547. PMC 39647. PMID 8622973.
^ Waymire J. "Storage of ACh". University of Texas Medical Center.
^ Tu Z, Efange SM, Xu J, Li S, Jones LA, Parsons SM, Mach RH (Mar 2009). "Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 18F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligands for imaging the vesicular acetylcholine transporter". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 52 (5): 1358–69. doi:10.1021/jm8012344. PMC 2765529. PMID 19203271.

External links

Vesicular+Acetylcholine+Transporter at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This membrane protein–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187714 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000100241 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid11099462-5] Erickson JD, Varoqui H (Dec 2000). "Molecular analysis of vesicular amine transporter function and targeting to secretory organelles". FASEB Journal. 14 (15): 2450–8. doi:10.1096/fj.00-0206rev. PMID 11099462. S2CID 15305436.

[pmid8622973-6] Weihe E, Tao-Cheng JH, Schäfer MK, Erickson JD, Eiden LE (Apr 1996). "Visualization of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in cholinergic nerve terminals and its targeting to a specific population of small synaptic vesicles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (8): 3547–52. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.3547W. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3547. PMC 39647. PMID 8622973.

[7] Waymire J. "Storage of ACh". University of Texas Medical Center.

[pmid19203271-8] Tu Z, Efange SM, Xu J, Li S, Jones LA, Parsons SM, Mach RH (Mar 2009). "Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 18F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligands for imaging the vesicular acetylcholine transporter". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 52 (5): 1358–69. doi:10.1021/jm8012344. PMC 2765529. PMID 19203271.

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v t e Membrane transport protein: neurotransmitter transporters (TC 2.A.1.2)
Vesicular	Vesicular monoamine VMAT1 VMAT2 Vesicular acetylcholine Vesicular glutamate Vesicular GABA
Other	Monoamine DAT NET SERT PMAT Excitatory amino-acid transporter GABA transporter

VAChT uptake inhibitors

Radiolabeled compounds

References

Further reading

External links