Rûm Eyalet
| Eyâlet-i Rûmiyye-i Suğra / Eyâlet-i Sivas | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire | |||||||||
| 1398–1864 | |||||||||
 The Eyalet of Sivas in 1609 | |||||||||
| Capital | Amasya, Tokat, Sivas[1] | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1398 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1864 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Turkey | ||||||||
The Eyalet of Rûm (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت روم; Eyālet-i Rūm;[2] originally Arabic for Eastern Roman Empire), later named as the Eyalet of Sivas (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت سیواس; Eyālet-i Sīvās),[2] was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire in northern Anatolia, founded following Bayezid I's conquest of the area in the 1390s. The capital was the city of Amasya, which was then moved to Tokat and later to Sivas.[citation needed] Its reported area in the 19th century was 28,912 square miles (74,880 km2).[3]
Rûm was the old Seljuk Turkish designation for Anatolia, referring to the Eastern Roman Empire, and in European texts as late as the 19th-century the word Rûm (or Roum) was used to denote the whole of central Anatolia, not just the smaller area comprising the Ottoman province (see Sultanate of Rum).[citation needed]
History
[edit]In the 14th century several autonomous towns (Amasya, Tokat, Sivas) were established, despite the continued Seljukid-Mongol rule in central Asia Minor.[4]
When the Ilkhanid ruler Ebu Said died in 1335, administration of Asia Minor was entrusted to his former governor Eretna Bey, a Uyghur. Eretna Bey ultimately declared independence, seeking the protection of the Mamluks, who were rivals of the Ilkhanids.[4] He captured the area around Sivas-Kayseri, eventually establishing an emirate of Eretna, which grew stronger during the rule of his son, Mehmed Bey.[4]
In 1381 Kadı Burhaneddin a kadı in Kayseri who was also appointed vizier to represent the emirate of Eretna in that town, replaced the Eretnid as ruler of Sivas and also captured Amasya and Tokat.[4] His principality managed to resist interference in central Anatolia from both the Akkoyunlus and the Ottomans until it collapsed with his death in 1398.[4]
Administrative divisions
[edit]According to Evliya Çelebi, the eyalet of Sivas had the following sanjaks in the 17th century:[5]
- Sivas Sanjak (Sívás, Sivas)
- Divriği Sanjak (Deverbegi, Divriği)
- Çorum Sanjak (Khúrúm, Çorum)
- Keskin Sanjak (Keskín, Keskin)
- Bozok Sanjak (Buzúk, Yozgat)
- Amasya Sanjak (Amasia, Amasya)
- Tokat Sanjak (Tokát, Tokat)
- Zila Sanjak (Zíla, Zile)
- Canik Sanjak (Janík, Samsun)
- Arabgir Sanjak (Arab-gír, Arapgir)
The eyalet of Sivas consisted of seven sanjaks between 1700 and 1740:[6]
- Sanjak of Sivas (Paşa Sancağı, Sivas)
- Sanjak of Amasya (Amasya)
- Sanjak of Janik (Canik Sancağı, Samsun)
- Sanjak of Diwriji (Divriği Sancağı, Divriği)
- Sanjak of Arabgir (Arabgir Sancağı, Arapgir)
- Sanjak of Chorum (Çorum Sancağı, Çorum)
- Sanjak of Bozok (Bozok Sancağı, Yozgat)
References
[edit]- ^ Commercial statistics: A digest of the productive resources, commercial... By John Macgregor, p. 12, at Google Books
- ^ a b "Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- ^ The Popular encyclopedia: or, conversations lexicon, Volume 6, p. 698, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d e Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, p. 41, at Google Books By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters
- ^ Evliya Çelebi; Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1834). Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the Seventeenth Century. Oriental Translation Fund. p. 90. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
- ^ Orhan Kılıç, XVII. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Eyalet ve Sancak Teşkilatlanması, Osmanlı, Cilt 6: Teşkilât, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Ankara, 1999, ISBN 975-6782-09-9, p. 93. (in Turkish)
- States and territories established in 1398
- States and territories disestablished in 1864
- Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia
- States and territories established in the 1390s
- History of Amasya Province
- History of Çorum Province
- History of Kırıkkale Province
- History of Malatya Province
- History of Samsun Province
- History of Ordu Province
- History of Sivas Province
- History of Tokat Province
- History of Yozgat Province
- 1398 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
- 1864 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire