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List of hospitals in Ohio

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Mercy Hospital of Defiance)

This is a list of hospitals in Ohio (U.S. state), sorted by name.

Hospital City County Beds Trauma[1] Founded Original name
Access Hospital Dayton Dayton Montgomery 110 x 2011
Adams County Regional Medical Center Seaman Adams 25 x 1948 Adams County Hospital
Adena Fayette Medical Center Washington Court House Fayette 25[2] x 1950 Fayette County Memorial Hospital
Adena Pike Medical Center Waverly Pike 25[2] x 1958 Pike Community Hospital
Adena Regional Medical Center Chillicothe Ross 266[2] x 1895 Chillicothe Hospital
Akron Children's Hospital Akron Summit 289 Level I 1890 Akron Day Nursery
Ashtabula County Medical Center (Cleveland Clinic affiliate) Ashtabula Ashtabula 234 x 1904 Ashtabula General Hospital
ACMC Healthcare System Glenbeigh (Cleveland Clinic affiliate) Rock Creek Ashtabula x 1981 Glenbeigh Hospital
Aultman Alliance Community Hospital Alliance Stark 202 x 1901 Deaconess Home
Aultman Hospital Canton Stark 1032 Level II 1892
Aultman Orrville Hospital Orrville Wayne 25 x 1951 Dunlap Memorial Hospital
Avita Health System Bucyrus Hospital Bucyrus Crawford 20 x 1932 Bucyrus Community Hospital
Avita Health System Galion Hospital Galion Crawford 16 x 1913 Galion Community Hospital
Avita Health System Ontario Hospital Ontario Richland 26 x 2017
The Bellevue Hospital Bellevue Sandusky 50 x 1917 Bellevue Hospital
Blanchard Valley Health System Bluffton Hospital Bluffton Allen 25 x 1908 Bluffton Sanatorium
Blanchard Valley Health System Blanchard Valley Hospital Findlay Hancock 150 Level III 1891 Findlay Home for Friendless Women and Children
Chillicothe VA Medical Center Chillicothe Ross 295 x 1924 Veterans' Bureau
The Christ Hospital Cincinnati Hamilton 555 x 1889
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Hamilton 634 Level I 1883
Cincinnati VA Medical Center Cincinnati Hamilton 463 x 1924
Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Cuyahoga 1290[3] x 1921
Cleveland Clinic Akron General Akron Summit 485[3] Level I 1915 Peoples Hospital
Cleveland Clinic Akron General Lodi Hospital Lodi Medina 20[3] x 1920 Lodi Sanitarium
Cleveland Clinic Avon Hospital Avon Lorain 126[3] x 2016[a]
Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital for Rehabilitation Cleveland Cuyahoga 25[3] x 1889 Fresh Air Camp
Cleveland Clinic Euclid Hospital Euclid Cuyahoga 166[3] x 1907 Parkwood Hospital
Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital Cleveland Cuyahoga 498[3] Level II 1892 German Hospital
Cleveland Clinic Hillcrest Hospital Mayfield Heights Cuyahoga 462[3] Level II 1968 Doctors Hospital
Cleveland Clinic Lutheran Hospital Cleveland Cuyahoga 192[3] x 1896 Lutheran Hospital
Cleveland Clinic Marymount Hospital Garfield Heights Cuyahoga 263[3] x 1949 Marymount Hospital
Cleveland Clinic Medina Hospital Medina Medina 148[3] x 1944 Medina Hospital
Cleveland Clinic Mentor Hospital (Hillcrest) Mentor Lake 34[3] x 2023
Cleveland Clinic Mercy Hospital Canton Stark 323[3] Level II 1908 Mercy Hospital
Cleveland Clinic South Pointe Hospital Warrensville Heights Cuyahoga 172[3] x 1957 Suburban Community Hospital & Brentwood Hospital
Cleveland Clinic Union Hospital Dover Tuscarawas 96[3] x 1906 Tuscarawas Hospital
Clinton Memorial Hospital Wilmington Clinton 141 x 1951
Community Memorial Hospital Hicksville Defiance x 1917
Coshocton Regional Medical Center Coshocton Coshocton 56 x 1909 Keenan Private Hospital
Crystal Clinic Orthopedic Center Fairlawn Summit 60 x 2021
Dayton Children's Hospital Dayton Montgomery 181 Level I 1967 Barney Children's Medical Center
Dayton VA Medical Center Dayton Montgomery 356 x 1867 National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Dayton
Diley Ridge Medical Center Canal Winchester Fairfield 10 x 2010
East Liverpool City Hospital East Liverpool Columbiana 130 x 1905
East Ohio Regional Hospital Martins Ferry Belmont 140 x 1906 Martins Ferry Hospital
Fairfield Medical Center Lancaster Fairfield 222 x 1916 Lancaster Municipal Hospital
Firelands Regional Medical Center Sandusky Erie 287 Level III 1876 Good Samaritan Hospital
Firelands Regional Medical Center South Campus Sandusky Erie x 1902 Providence Hospital
Fisher-Titus Medical Center Norwalk Huron 99 Level III 1957 Norwalk Memorial Hospital
Fulton County Health Center Wauseon Fulton 106 x 1903 Detwiler Memorial Hospital
Genesis Hospital Zanesville Muskingum 260 Level III 1891 Zanesville City Hospital
Georgetown Behavioral Hospital Georgetown Brown 118 x 2014
Grand Lake Joint Township District Memorial Hospital St. Marys Auglaize 140 x 1953 Joint Township District Memorial Hospital
Henry County Hospital Napoleon Henry 25 x 1919
Highland District Hospital Hillsboro Highland 25 x 1914
Hocking Valley Community Hospital (Ohio State affiliate) Logan Hocking 35 x 1906 Cherrington Hospital
Holzer Gallipolis Gallipolis Gallia 266 x 1910 Holzer Hospital
Holzer Medical Center – Jackson Jackson Jackson 269 x 1972
Insight Hospital and Medical Center Trumbull Warren Trumbull 346 Level III 1907 Trumbull Memorial Hospital
Insight Rehabilitation Hospital Hillside Warren Trumbull 69 x 1929 Trumbull County Tuberculosis Hospital
Institute for Orthopaedic Surgery Lima Allen 12 x 1998
Kettering Health Behavioral Medical Center Miami Township Montgomery 14 x 2019
Kettering Health Dayton Dayton Montgomery 344 Level III 1926 Dayton Osteopathic Hospital
Kettering Health Greene Memorial Xenia Greene 49 x 1951 Greene Memorial Hospital
Kettering Health Hamilton Hamilton Butler 310 x 1929 Fort Hamilton Hospital
Kettering Health Main Campus Dayton Montgomery 494 Level II 1964 Kettering Memorial Hospital
Kettering Health Miamisburg Miamisburg Montgomery 202 x 1978 Sycamore Medical Center
Kettering Health Preble Eaton Preble x 2003
Kettering Health – Soin Medical Center Beavercreek Greene 157 Level III 2012
Kettering Health Springfield Springfield Clark x 2022
Kettering Health Troy Troy Miami 28 x 2020
Kettering Health Washington Township Washington Township Montgomery 129 x 1978 Southview Medical Center
Kindred Hospital Dayton Dayton Montgomery 97 x 2004 Good Samaritan Hospital
Kindred Hospital Lima Lima Allen 26 x 2004 SCCI Hospital Lima
King's Daughters Medical Center Ohio Portsmouth Scioto 10 x 2013
Knox Community Hospital Mount Vernon Knox 99 x 1908 Martin Memorial Hospital
Licking Memorial Hospital Newark Licking 227 x 1898 Newark Hospital
Lima Memorial Hospital Lima Allen 127 Level II 1899 Lima City Hospital
Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center Cleveland Cuyahoga 673 x 1939 Brecksville VA / Crille Hospital
Madison Health (Ohio State affiliate) London Madison 45 x 1962
Magruder Hospital Port Clinton Ottawa 25 x 1940 Magruder Memorial Hospital
Mary Rutan Hospital Bellefontaine Logan 39 x 1919
Mercer County Community Hospital Coldwater Mercer 88 x 1950 Our Lady of Mercy Hospital
Mercy Health Allen Hospital Oberlin Lorain 25 x 1907
Mercy Health Anderson Hospital Anderson Township Hamilton 226 x 1984 Our Lady of Mercy Hospital - Anderson
Mercy Health Clermont Hospital Batavia Clermont 177 x 1973 Clermont County Hospital
Mercy Health Defiance Hospital Defiance Defiance 23 x 2004
Mercy Health Fairfield Hospital Fairfield Butler 236 x 1978
Mercy Health Kings Mills Hospital Kings Mills Warren 60 x 2024
Mercy Health Lorain Hospital Lorain Lorain 338 Level III Community Regional Medical Center
Mercy Health Perrysburg Hospital Perrysburg Wood 46 x 2019
Mercy Health Rehabilitation Hospital Liberty Township Trumbull 72 x 2024
Mercy Health St. Anne Hospital Toledo Lucas 128 x 2002[b]
Mercy Health St. Charles Hospital Oregon Lucas 410 Level III 1953 St. Charles Hospital
Mercy Health St. Elizabeth Boardman Hospital Boardman Mahoning 224 x 2007
Mercy Health St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital Youngstown Mahoning 409 Level I 1911 St. Elizabeth Hospital
Mercy Health St. Joseph Warren Hospital Warren Trumbull 219 Level III
Mercy Health St. Rita's Medical Center Lima Allen 425 Level II 1918 St. Rita's Hospital
Mercy Health St. Vincent Medical Center Toledo Lucas 568 Level I (II peds) 1855 St. Vincent Hospital
Mercy Health Springfield Regional Medical Center Springfield Clark 254 x 2011
Mercy Health – The Jewish Hospital Cincinnati Hamilton 209 x 1847 The Jewish Hospital
Mercy Health Tiffin Hospital Tiffin Seneca 120 x 1913 Mercy Hospital
Mercy Health Urbana Hospital Urbana Champaign 25 x 1951 Mercy Memorial Hospital
Mercy Health West Hospital Cincinnati Hamilton 222 x 2013
Mercy Health Willard Hospital Willard Huron 20 x 2012
Memorial Health System Marietta Memorial Hospital Marietta Washington 200 Level III 1929 Marietta Memorial Hospital
Memorial Health System Selby General Hospital Marietta Washington 35 x 1927 Marietta Osteopathic Clinic
Memorial Hospital Marysville Union 51 x 1952
MetroHealth Cleveland Heights Medical Center Cleveland Heights Cuyahoga 12 x 2018
MetroHealth Main Campus Medical Center Cleveland Cuyahoga 731 Level I (II peds) 1837 City Hospital
MetroHealth Parma Medical Center Parma Cuyahoga 16 Level III 2018
Morrow County Hospital Mt. Gilead Morrow 25 x 1952
Mount Carmel East Columbus Franklin 419 Level II 1972
Mount Carmel Grove City Grove City Franklin 67 x 2019
Mount Carmel New Albany New Albany Franklin 60 x 2003
Mount Carmel St. Ann's Westerville Franklin 281 x 1908 St. Ann's Infant Asylum
Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Franklin 673 Level I 1892 Children's Hospital of Columbus
Ohio State East Hospital Columbus Franklin 190 Level III 1890 St. Anthony's Hospital
Ohio State Harding Hospital Columbus Franklin 84 x 1916 Columbus Rural Rest Home
Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Franklin 900 Level I 1846 St. Francis Hospital
Ohio Valley Surgical Hospital Springfield Clark 24 x 2009
OhioHealth Arthur G.H. Bing, MD, Cancer Center Columbus Franklin 23 x 2012
OhioHealth Berger Hospital Circleville Pickaway 83 x 1930 Berger Hospital
OhioHealth Doctors Hospital Columbus Franklin 213 x 1940 Doctors Hospital
OhioHealth Dublin Methodist Hospital Dublin Franklin 107 x 2008
OhioHealth Grady Memorial Hospital Delaware Delaware 63 x 1904 Delaware County Hospital
OhioHealth Grant Medical Center Columbus Franklin 449 Level I 1900 Grant Hospital
OhioHealth Grove City Methodist Hospital Grove City Franklin 26 x 2018
OhioHealth Hardin Memorial Hospital Kenton Hardin 25 x McKitrick Hospital
OhioHealth Mansfield Hospital Mansfield Richland 326 Level II 1918 Mansfield Hospital
OhioHealth Marion General Hospital Marion Marion 250 x 1896 Marion Hospital
OhioHealth Nelsonville Health Center Nelsonville Athens 25 x 1950 Mount St. Mary Hospital
OhioHealth O'Bleness Hospital Athens Athens 144 x 1921 Sheltering Arms Hospital
OhioHealth Pickerington Methodist Hospital Pickerington Fairfield 96 x 2015
OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital Columbus Franklin 1059 Level II 1892 Protestant Hospital
OhioHealth Shelby Hospital Shelby Richland 25 x 1921 Shelby Memorial Hospital
OhioHealth Southeastern Medical Center Cambridge Guernsey 84 x 1952 Guernsey Memorial Hospital
OhioHealth Van Wert Hospital Van Wert Van Wert 34 x 1904 Van Wert County Hospital
Parkview Health Bryan Hospital Bryan Williams 113 x
Parkview Health Montpelier Hospital Montpelier Williams 25 x
Paulding County Hospital Paulding Paulding 25 x 1941
ProMedica Bay Park Hospital Oregon Lucas 72 x 2001
ProMedica Defiance Regional Hospital Defiance Defiance 35 Level III 2002
ProMedica Flower Hospital Sylvania Lucas 315 x 1910 Flower Hospital
ProMedica Fostoria Community Hospital Fostoria Hancock 25 x 1930 Fostoria City Hospital
ProMedica Memorial Hospital Fremont Sandusky 43 x 1918 Memorial Hospital
ProMedica Toledo Hospital Toledo Lucas 794 Level I (II peds) 1874 Toledo Hospital
Pomerene Hospital Millersburg Holmes 55 x 1937 Holmes County Joel Pomerene Memorial Hospital
Premier Health Atrium Medical Center Middletown Warren 324 Level III 1917 Middletown Hospital
Premier Health Miami Valley Hospital Dayton Montgomery 970 Level I 1890 Protestant Deaconess Hospital
Premier Health Miami Valley Hospital North Englewood Montgomery x 1995 Samaritan North Health Center
Premier Health Miami Valley Hospital South Centerville Montgomery 60 Level III 2007
Premier Health Upper Valley Medical Center Troy Miami 182 Level III 1998[c] Upper Valley Medical Center
Regency North Central Ohio - Cleveland East (Select Medical) Warrensville Heights Cuyahoga 44 x 2007 Regency Hospital Cleveland East
Regency North Central Ohio - Cleveland West (Select Medical) Middleburg Heights Cuyahoga 43 x 2007 Regency Hospital Cleveland West
Regency Oregon (Select Medical) Oregon Lucas 31 x 2023
Regency Toledo (Select Medical) Toledo Lucas 45 x 2007 Regency Hospital Toledo
Riverview Health Institute Dayton Montgomery x 2004
St. Mary's Medical Center, Ironton Campus Ironton Lawrence x 2012
Salem Regional Medical Center Salem Columbiana 150 x 1913 Salem City Hospital
Shriners Children's Ohio Dayton Montgomery 7 x 1968 Cincinnati Shriners Hospital
Southwest General Health Center (University Hospitals affiliate) Middleburg Heights Cuyahoga 354 Level III 1920 Sprague Haven
Select Medical Cleveland Clinic Rehabilitation Hospital, Avon Avon Lorain 60 x 2015
Select Medical Cleveland Clinic Rehabilitation Hospital, Beachwood Beachwood Cuyahoga 60 x 2017
Select Medical Cleveland Clinic Rehabilitation Hospital, Edwin Shaw Copley Township Summit 60 x 2017
Select Medical OhioHealth Rehabilitation Hospital Columbus Franklin 74 x 2013
Select Medical OhioHealth Rehabilitation Hospital - Dublin Dublin Franklin 12 x 2021
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Akron Akron Summit 60 x
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Boardman, Inc Youngstown Mahoning 45 x
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Canton Canton Stark 30 x
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Cincinnati Cincinnati Hamilton 30 x
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Cincinnati North Cincinnati Hamilton 41 x
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Cleveland-Fairhill Cleveland Cuyahoga 68 x
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Columbus Columbus Franklin 162 x 2006
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Columbus South Columbus Franklin 43 x
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Southeast Ohio Newark Licking 35 x
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Trumbull Warren Trumbull 34 x
Select Medical Specialty Hospital - Youngstown Youngstown Mahoning 31 x
Select Medical TriHealth Rehabilitation Hospital Cincinnati Hamilton 60 x 2016
Southern Ohio Medical Center Portsmouth Scioto 211 x 1954
Summa Health Akron Campus Akron Summit 1049[4] Level I 1892 City Hospital
Summa Health Barberton Campus Barberton Summit 271[4] x 1915 Barberton Citizens Hospital
Summa Health Wadsworth - Rittman Medical Center Wadsworth Medina 113 x 2013 Wadsworth-Rittman Hospital
The Surgical Hospital at Southwoods Boardman Mahoning 36 x 1996
TriHealth Bethesda Butler Hospital Hamilton Butler 48 x
TriHealth Bethesda North Hospital Montgomery Hamilton 397 Level III 1970 Bethesda North Hospital
TriHealth McCullough-Hyde Memorial Hospital Oxford Butler 32 x 1957 McCullough-Hyde Memorial Hospital
TriHealth Good Samaritan Hospital Cincinnati Hamilton 425 x 1852 St. John's Hotel for Invalids
Trinity Health System East Campus Steubenville Jefferson 270 x 1912 Ohio Valley Hospital
Trinity Health System West Campus Steubenville Jefferson x
Trinity Health System Twin City Medical Center Dennison Tuscarawas 25 x 1912 Twin City Hospital
Trumbull Regional Medical Center Warren Trumbull 346 Level III 1907 Trumbull Memorial Hospital
UC Medical Center Cincinnati Hamilton 724 Level I 1821
UC West Chester Hospital West Chester Butler 160 Level III 2009
University Hospitals Ahuja Medical Center Beachwood Cuyahoga 193 x 2011
University Hospitals Beachwood Medical Center Beachwood Cuyahoga 24 x 2019 LakeHealth Beachwood Medical Center
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Cleveland Cuyahoga 1032 Level I 1866 Wilson Street Hospital
University Hospitals Conneaut Medical Center Conneaut Ashtabula 25 x 1922 Brown Memorial Hospital
University Hospitals Elyria Medical Center Elyria Lorain 387 Level III 1908 Elyria Memorial Hospital
University Hospitals Geauga Medical Center Chardon Geauga 226 Level III 1925 Corey Hospital
University Hospitals Geneva Medical Center Geneva Ashtabula 25 x 1906 Memorial Hospital
University Hospitals Lake West Medical Center Willoughby Lake 237 Level III 1961 Lake County Memorial Hospital - West
University Hospitals Parma Medical Center Parma Cuyahoga 332 Level III 1961 Parma Community General Hospital
University Hospitals Portage Medical Center Ravenna Portage 302 Level III 1894 White Hospital
University Hospitals St. John Medical Center Westlake Cuyahoga 204 Level III 1890 St. John of God Hospital
University Hospitals Samaritan Medical Center Ashland Ashland 55 x 1912 Samaritan Hospital
University Hospitals TriPoint Medical Center Concord Township Lake 144 x 2009[d] LakeHealth TriPoint Medical Center
The University of Toledo Medical Center Toledo Lucas 267 Level II 1964
Wayne HealthCare Main Campus Greenville Darke 92 x 1922 Wayne Hospital
Western Reserve Hospital (University Hospitals affiliate) Cuyahoga Falls Summit 89 Level III 1943 Green Cross Hospital
Wilson Health Sidney Shelby 44 x 1930 Wilson Memorial Hospital
Wood County Hospital Bowling Green Wood 196 x 1951
The Woods at Parkside Gahanna Franklin 50 x
Wooster Community Hospital Wooster Wayne 173 x 1950
Wright-Patterson Medical Center Dayton Montgomery 300 x 1956
WVUMedicine Barnesville Hospital Barnesville Belmont 25 x 1928 Barnesville Hospital
WVUMedicine Harrison Community Hospital Cadiz Harrison 25 x 1970 Harrison Community Hospital
Wyandot Memorial Hospital Upper Sandusky Wyandot 42 x 1950

List of medical systems by number of hospitals

[edit]

Healthcare providers with two or more hospital campuses:

Medical system Ohio # Total # Formation Oldest hospital & Year
Mercy Health 22 24[5] 1986 The Jewish Hospital 1847
Select Medical 17 144[6] 1996
OhioHealth 17 1984 Riverside Methodist Hospital 1892
Cleveland Clinic Foundation 15 22[7] 1921 Children's Hospital for Rehabilitation 1889
University Hospitals Health System 13 1940 Wilson Street Hospital 1866
Kettering Health 11 1999 Dayton 1926
ProMedica 6 11[8] 1986 Toledo Hospital 1874
Veterans Health Administration 5 172[9] 1865 Togus VA Medical Center (ME) 1866
Premier Health 5 1995 Miami Valley Hospital 1890
Mount Carmel Health System 4 1984 Grove City 1886
TriHealth 4 1995 Good Samaritan Hospital 1852
Adena Health System 3 1997 Regional Medical Center 1895
Aultman 3 1892 Aultman Hospital 1892
Avita Health System 3 2011 Galion Hospital 1913
Ohio State Health System 3 1999 Wexner Medical Center 1846
Summa Health 3 1989 Akron Campus 1892
The MetroHealth System 3 1958 Main Campus Medical Center 1837
Trinity Health System 3
ACMC Healthcare System 2 Ashtabula County Medical Center 1904
Insight Health Systems 2 3 2008 Insight Hospital and Medical Center (IL) 1852
Kindred Healthcare (ScionHealth) 2 60[10] 1985
WVUMedicine 2 23[11] 1984 J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital (WV) 1960
Blanchard Valley Health System 2 1995 Bluffton Hospital 1908
Firelands Regional Medical Center 2 1876 Firelands Regional Medical Center 1876
Holzer Health System 2 1949 Holzer Gallipolis 1910
Memorial Health System 2 2014 Marietta Memorial Hospital 1929
Parkview Health 2 1995
Regency Hospital Company 2 Regency Toledo (Select Medical) 2007
UC Health 2 2009 UC Medical Center 1821
UK Healthcare 1 2 King's Daughters Medical Center Ohio 2013
St. Mary's Medical Center 1 2 St. Mary's Medical Center, Ironton Campus 2012

Ohio counties without hospitals

[edit]

As of 2024, the following Ohio counties do not have a hospital or inpatient hospital services: Carroll, Meigs, Monroe, Morgan, Noble, Perry, Putnam, Vinton.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Replaced Lakewood Hospital in Lakewood
  2. ^ Replaced Riverside Mercy Hospital in Toledo
  3. ^ Replaced Piqua Memorial Hospital, Stouder Memorial Hospital and Dettmer Hospital
  4. ^ Replaced LakeEast Hospital in Painesville

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Trauma & Burn Centers". Ohio Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "About Adena". Adena Health. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Cleveland Clinic hospitals broken down by state, bed count". Becker's Hospital Review.
  4. ^ a b "We are Summa" (PDF). Summa Health. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  5. ^ "Mercy Health Locations". Mercy Health. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  6. ^ "Find a Location". Select Medical. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  7. ^ "Find a Location (Hospitals)". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  8. ^ "Locations". ProMedica. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  9. ^ "Veterans Health Administration". U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  10. ^ "Site Map". Kindred Hospitals. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  11. ^ "WVU Medicine Hospitals and Institutes". WVUMedicine. Retrieved January 17, 2024.