Comparison of orbital launcher families
Appearance
(Redirected from Comparison of orbital launchers families)
This article compares different orbital launcher families (launchers which are significantly different from other members of the same 'family' have separate entries). The article is organized into two tables: the first contains a list of currently active and under-development launcher families, while the second contains a list of retired launcher families.
The related article "Comparison of orbital launch systems" lists each individual launcher system within any given launcher family, categorized by its current operational status.
This article does not include suborbital launches (i.e. flights which were not intended to reach LEO or VLEO).
Description
[edit]- Family: Name of the family/model of launcher
- Country: Origin country of launcher
- Manufac.: Main manufacturer
- Payload: Maximum mass of payload, for 3 altitudes
- LEO, low Earth orbit
- GTO, geostationary transfer orbit
- TLI, trans-Lunar injection
- Cost: Price for a launch at this time, in millions of US$
- Launches reaching...
- Total: Flights which lift-off, or where the vehicle is destroyed during the terminal count
Note: only includes orbital launches (flights launched with the intention of reaching orbit). Suborbital tests launches are not included in this listing. - Space (regardless of outcome): Flights which reach approximately 100 km or more above Earth's surface.
- Any orbit (regardless of outcome): Flights which achieve at least one complete orbit even if the orbit differs from the targeted orbit.
- Target orbit (without damage to the payload)
- Total: Flights which lift-off, or where the vehicle is destroyed during the terminal count
- Status: Actual status of launcher (retired, development, active)
- Date of flight
- First: Year of first flight of first family member
- Last (if applicable): Year of Last flight (for vehicles retired from service)
- Refs: citations
Same cores are grouped together (like Ariane 1, 2 & 3, but not V).
List of active and under-development launcher families
[edit]- Legend
- Active or undergoing orbital test flightsUnder-development
Family | Country/Org. | Manufac. | Payload (kg) | Cost (US$, millions) |
Launches reaching... | Status | Date of flight | Notes | Refs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEO | GTO | TLI | Total | Space | Any orbit | Target orbit | First | Last | ||||||||
Agnibaan | IND | AgniKul Cosmos | 100 | -- | -- | -- | Devel. | NET 2023 | Expected launch in 2022 | |||||||
Alpha | USA | Firefly Aerospace | 1,000 | — | — | -- | 5[a] | 4 | 4 | 2 | Active | 2021 | [1] | |||
Angara | RUS | Khrunichev | 3,800–35,000 | 3,600–12,500 | -- | -- | 7[b] | 7 | 7 | 6 | Active | 2014 | [2][3] | |||
Antares | USA | Orbital ATK | 8,000 | -- | -- | 80[citation needed] | 18[c] | 17 | 17 | 17 | Active[d] | 2013 | Cygnus launcher. Var.: 110, 120, 130, 230, 230+, 330 |
[4][5][6] | ||
Ariane 6 | FRA ESA |
ArianeGroup | 21,650 (A64 var.) |
11,500+ (A64 var.) |
8,500 (A64 var.) |
115 | 1[e] | 1 | 1 | 1 | Active | 2024 | Var.: Ariane 62, Ariane 64. | [7] | ||
Astra Rocket | USA | Astra | 50–150 (to SSO) |
— | — | -- | 7[f] | 4 | 2 | 2 | Active | 2020 | 2 suborbital test launches in 2018. | [8] | ||
Atlas V | USA | ULA | 18,850 | 8,900 | 2,807 | 109–153 | 101[g] | 101 | 101 | 101 | Active[h] | 2002 | 2029 (planned) |
Launched Juno & New Horizons | [9][10] | |
Blue Whale 1 | ROK | Perigee Aerospace | 170 (to SSO) | -- | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | NET 2024 | [11] | ||||||
Ceres-1 | CHN | Galactic Energy | 400 (LEO) 300 (SSO) |
-- | -- | -- | 16[i] | 15 | 15 | 15 | Active | 2020 | Var.: Ceres-1, Ceres-1S | [12][13] | ||
Chollima-1 | DPRK | NADA | ~300 | -- | -- | -- | 4[j] | 2 | 1 | 1 | Active | 2023 | UDMH/N2O4 fueled carrier | [14] | ||
Cyclone-4M | UKR | Yuzhnoye Yuzhmash |
5,000 | 1,000 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | unknown | [15] | ||||||
Darwin-1 | CHN | Rocket Pi | 300 | -- | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | NET 2024 | methalox launcher | [16] | |||||
Electron | NZ USA |
Rocket Lab | 225 | 6 | 56[k] | 56 | 52 | 52 | Active | 2017 | [17] | |||||
Epsilon | JPN | IHI Corporation | 1,200 | -- | -- | -- | 6[l] | 6 | 5 | 5 | Active | 2013 | [18][19] | |||
Eris | AUS | Gilmour Space Technologies | 305 | -- | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | NET 2023 | [20] | ||||||
Falcon | Falcon 9 | USA | SpaceX | 22,800 | 8,300 | -- | 61.2 | 414[m][n] | 412 | 412 | 411 | Active | 2010 | Var.: v1.0, v1.1,[o] FT,[p] Block 4, Block 5. Launcher of crewed Dragon capsule. | ||
Falcon Heavy | USA | SpaceX | 63,800 | 26,700 | -- | 90–150 | 11[q] | 11 | 11 | 11 | Active | 2018 | First test launch 2018-02-06 | [23][24][25] | ||
Gravity-1 | CHN | Orienspace | 6,500 (LEO) 3,700 (700 km SSO) |
-- | -- | -- | 1[r] | 1 | 1 | 1 | Active | 2024 | largest solid launcher (3rd stage can be solid/kerolox) | [16][26] | ||
Gravity-2 | CHN | Orienspace | 25,600 (LEO) 19,100 (SSO) |
7,700 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2025 | kerolox (core), solid (boosters); reusable 1st stage | [26] | |||||
GSLV Mark II | IND | ISRO | 5,000 | 2,700 | -- | -- | 10[s] | 9 | 8 | 8 | Active | 2010 | [27][28][29] | |||
H-II, IIA & IIB | JPN | Mitsubishi | 19,000 | 8,000 | -- | (190), 90, 112 | 65[t] | 64 | 63 | 62 | Active | 1994 | Var.: A202, A2022, A2024, A204, B | [30] | ||
H3 | JPN | Mitsubishi | 4,000–28,300 (base-heavy) | 7,900–14,800 (base-heavy) | 11,900 (heavy) | 4[u] | 4 | 3 | 3 | Active | 2023 | Var.: 30S, 22S, 32L, 24L, heavy[31][32] | [32] | |||
Hyperbola-1 | CHN | i-Space | 300 | -- | -- | 7[v] | 5 | 3 | 3 | Active | 2019 | [33] | ||||
Hyperbola-3 | CHN | i-Space | 8,500–13,400 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2025 | VTVL | [34] | ||||||
Jielong 1 | CHN | CALT | 200 (SSO) | -- | -- | 1[w] | 1 | 1 | 1 | Active | 2019 | [35] | ||||
Jielong 3 | CHN | CALT | 1,500 (500 km SSO) | -- | -- | -- | 4[x] | 4 | 4 | 4 | Active | 2022 | [36][37] | |||
KAIROS | JPN | Space One | 250 150 (SSO) |
-- | -- | 2[y] | 0 | 0 | 0 | Active | 2024 | [38] | ||||
Kuaizhou (DF-21) |
CHN | CASIC | 450 (KZ-1A Enhanced) | -- | -- | -- | 33[z][aa] | 32[ab] | 30 | 30 | Active | 2013 | Var.: KZ-1, KZ-1A, KZ-11; (KZ-21 under development) | [39][40] | ||
1,500 (KZ-11) | -- | -- | ||||||||||||||
LauncherOne | USA | Virgin Orbit | 300 (SSO) | -- | -- | -- | 6[ac] | 5 | 4 | 4 | Susp.[ad] | 2020 | [41] | |||
Lijian-1 (Kinetica-1) |
CHN | CAS Space | 1,500 (500 km SSO) |
-- | -- | -- | 5[ae] | 5 | 5 | 5 | Active | 2022 | solid fueled carrier | [36][16] | ||
Lijian-2 (Kinetica-2) |
CHN | CAS Space | 12,000 (LEO) 7800 (SSO) |
-- | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2025 | kerolox LV. reusable 1st stage | [42][43] | |||||
Long March 2–3–4 (DF-5) |
CHN | CALT+SAST | 12,000 | 5,500 | 3,300 | 478[af][ag] | 472[ah] | 469 | 461 | Active | 1971 | See notes | Var.: 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F,[ai] 3, 3A, 3B, 3B/E, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4C. See [aj] for retired var. among those listed here. | [45] | ||
Long March 5 | CHN | CALT | -- | 14,000 (CZ-5) |
8,000 (CZ-5) |
-- | 13[ak] | 13 | 12 | 12 | Active | 2016 | Var.: CZ-5 | [46][47] | ||
25,000 (CZ-5B) |
-- | -- | Var.: CZ-5B | |||||||||||||
CZ 6–7–8 family | Long March 6 | CHN | SAST | 1,500 (LEO) 1,080 (700 lm SSO) |
-- | -- | -- | 23[al] | 23 | 23 | 23 | Active | 2015 | Var.: 6 | [48][49] | |
4,500 (700 km SSO) | -- | -- | Var.: 6A | |||||||||||||
2,400 (500 km SSO) | -- | -- | Var.: 6C | |||||||||||||
Long March 7 | CHN | CALT | 14,000 | -- | -- | -- | 17[am] | 16 | 16 | 16 | Active | 2016 | Var.: 7 | [50][51][52] | ||
-- | 7,000 | -- | Var.: 7A | |||||||||||||
Long March 8 | CHN | CALT | 4,500 (SSO) | 2,800 | > 1,200 | -- | 3[an] | 3 | 3 | 3 | Active | 2020 | Var.: 8, 8A | [51][53][54] | ||
Long March 9 | CHN | CALT | 150,000 | -- | 50,000 | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2033 | partly-reusable Super-Heavy carrier | [53][55] | |||||
Long March 10 | CHN | CALT | 70,000 (CZ-10)[56] | -- | 27,000 (CZ-10)[55] |
-- | 0 | Devel. | 2026 | Human-rated Var.: 10 (3-core, TLI) |
[57][58][56][55][59] | |||||
14,000 (CZ-10A, reusable) | -- | -- | Human-rated Var.: 10A (1-core, LEO, partly reusable) | |||||||||||||
18,000 (CZ-10A, expendable) | -- | -- | Human-rated Var.: 10A (1-core, LEO, expendable) | |||||||||||||
Long March 11 | CHN | CALT | 1,000 | -- | -- | -- | 17[ao] | 17 | 17 | 17 | Active | 2015 | Likely based on DF-31 missile | [60] | ||
Long March 12 | CHN | SAST | 12,000 (LEO); 6,000 (700 km SSO) |
-- | -- | -- | 1[ap] | 1 | 1 | 1 | Active | 2024 | kerolox LV 3.8 metres diameter |
[61][62][63] | ||
LVM3 | IND | ISRO | 10,000 | 4,000 | 2,180 | -- | 6[aq] [ar] | 6 | 6 | 6 | Active | 2014 | Uprated cryo 2nd stage (C32) and semi-cryo 1st stage (SC120) variants expected | [64][65] | ||
Maia | FRA | MaiaSpace | 500 (SSO) | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2025 | Planned first stage reuse | [66] | ||||||
Minotaur I | USA | Orbital ATK | 580 | -- | -- | -- | 12[as] | 12 | 12 | 12 | Active | 2000 | Derived from the Minuteman II | [67][68] | ||
Minotaur IV & V | USA | Orbital ATK | 1,735 | 640 | 447 | 50 | 8[at] | 8 | 8 | 8 | Active | 2010 | Also 2 suborbital launches (HTV-2a). Var.: IV, IV Lite, IV HAPS, V. Derived from Peacekeeper missile | [67][69] | ||
Miura 5 | ESP | PLD Space | 900 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | NET 2024 | [70] | |||||||
MLV | USA | Firefly Aerospace | 14,000 | -- | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2025 | [71] | ||||||
Nebula-1 | CHN | Deep Blue Aerospace | 1,000 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2024 | VTVL (first stage) | [72] | ||||||
Nebula-2 | CHN | Deep Blue Aerospace | 20,000 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2025 | kerolox; VTVL (first stage) | [73] | ||||||
Neutron | NZ USA |
Rocket Lab | 15,000 | -- | 2,000 | 50 | 0 | Devel. | 2024 | [74] | ||||||
New Glenn | USA | Blue Origin | 45,000 | 13,000 | -- | 0 | Devel. | NET 2024 | [75] | |||||||
New Line 1 | CHN | LinkSpace | 200 (SSO) | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | unknown | [76] | |||||||
NGLV (Soorya) | IND | ISRO | 30,000[77] | 10,000 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | NET 2032 | Program approved in 2024 | [78] | |||||
Nuri | ROK | KARI | 1,500 | -- | -- | 3[au] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Active | 2021 | [79][80] | ||||
OS-M | CHN | OneSpace | 205 (M1) | -- | -- | -- | 1[av] | 0 | 0 | 0 | Active | 2019 | Var.: M1, M2, M4. Single M1 failed launch; M2 & M4 in development. | [81] | ||
Pallas-1 | CHN | Galactic Energy | 5,000 3,000 (SSO) |
-- | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | Nov. 2024 | kerolox LV with reusable 1st stage | [82][43] | |||||
Pegasus | USA | Orbital ATK | 450 | -- | -- | -- | 45[aw] | 44 | 42 | 40 | Active | 1990 | [83] | |||
Pioneer-1 (aka Yuanxingzhe-1 or XZY-1) |
CHN | Arrowhead Technology/Space Epoch | 6,500 (1,100 km LEO) | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2025 | first stage recovery via ocean landing | [84][85] | ||||||
Prime | UK | Orbex | 150 (SSO) | -- | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | NET 2023 | [86][87] | ||||||
Proton (UR-500) |
USSR RUS |
Khrunichev | 23,000 | 6,920 | 5,680 | 65 (Proton-M) | 430[ax] | 382 | Active | 1965 | Var.: K, M, Medium in development. | [88][89][90] | ||||
PSLV | IND | ISRO | 3,800 | 1,200 | 550 | -- | 61[ay] | 60 | 59 | 58 | Active | 1993 | Var.: CA, XL, QL, DL Launched moon probe Chandrayaan I, Mars probe Mangalyaan I |
[91][92] | ||
Qaem-100 | IRN | IRGC | 80 | -- | -- | -- | 3[az] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Active | 2023 | also one successful suborbital launch | [93] | ||
Qased | IRN | IRGC | ~50 | -- | -- | -- | 3[ba] | 3 | 3 | 3 | Active | 2020 | [94][95] | |||
RFA One | Germany | Rocket Factory Augsburg | 1,300 | 450 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2024 | 1st stage combustion in Europe, Orbital Stage. | [citation needed][96][97][98][99] | |||||
Rokot/Strela (UR-100N) |
RUS | Eurockot Khrunichev | 2,100 | -- | -- | -- | 37[bb] | 36 | 35 | 35 | Active | 1994 | 34 Rokot launches (no launches post-2019 due to Ukrainian tech ban); 3 Strela launches. | [100][101][102][103] | ||
RS1 | USA | ABL Space Systems | 1,200 | -- | -- | 12 | 1[bc] | 0 | 0 | 0 | Active | 2023 | [104] | |||
Shavit | ISR | IAI | 225 | -- | -- | 15 | 12[bd] | 10 | 10 | 10 | Active | 1988 | Var.: Shavit, -1, -2 | [105] | ||
Simorgh | IRN | ISA | 350 | -- | -- | -- | 7[be] | 7 | 2 | 2 | Active | 2016 | [106] | |||
SK solid fueled TV2 | ROK | MND | > 100 | -- | -- | -- | 1[bf] | 1 | 1 | 1 | Active | 2023 | solid fueled launch vehicle | [107] | ||
SLS | USA | Orbital ATK Boeing United Launch Alliance Aerojet Rocketdyne | 95,000–130,000 | -- | 27,000–46,000 | -- | 1[bg] | 1 | 1 | 1 | Active | 2022 | Var.: Block 1, Block 1B, Block 2 | [108][109] | ||
Soyuz |
USSR RUS |
RSC Energia TsSKB-Progress | 8,200 | 2,400 | 1,200 | -- | 1,995[bh] | [bi] | 1,870[bj] | Active | 1957 | Var.: Sputnik, Luna, Vostok-L, Vostok-K, Voskhod, Molniya, Molniya-L, Molniya-M, Polyot, Soyuz, Soyuz-L, Soyuz-M, Soyuz-U, Soyuz-FG, Soyuz-2, Soyuz-2-1v | [110][111] | |||
SS-520 | JPN | IHI Aerospace | 4 | -- | -- | -- | 2[bk] | 2 | 1 | 1 | Active | 2017 | 2 successful suborbital flights and 2 orbital flights (one success). A test of how small orbital rockets can be. The rocket has a mass of only 2.6 tonnes. | [112] | ||
SSLV | IND | ISRO | 500 | 300 | -- | -- | 3[bl] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Active | 2022 | ||||
Starship | USA | SpaceX | 250,000 (expendable) [better source needed] | 40,000 [better source needed] | 100,000+ (With in-orbit refueling) [better source needed] | -- | 6[bm][bn] | 5 | 0 | 0 | test flights | 2023 | 1st flight intended a TAO orbit; 3rd flight suborbital | [113][114][115][116][117] | ||
150,000 (reusable) [better source needed] | ||||||||||||||||
Start-1 (RT-2PM) |
RUS | MITT | 532 | -- | -- | -- | 7[bo] | 6 | 6 | 6 | Active | 1993 | [118] | |||
Taurus / Minotaur-C | USA | Orbital Sciences | 1,450 | -- | -- | -- | 9[bp] | 9 | 6 | 6 | Active | 1989 | Var.: 2110, 3110, 3210 | [119] | ||
Tianlong 2 | CHN | Space Pioneer | 2,000 (LEO) 1,500 (500 km SSO) |
-- | -- | 1[bq] | 1 | 1 | 1 | Active | 2023 | liquid fueled (kerolox) carrier | [120][121] | |||
Tianlong 3 | CHN | Space Pioneer | 17,000 (LEO) 14,000 (500 km SSO) |
-- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2024 | kerolox with reusable 1st stage | [121][122] | ||||||
Tronador | ARG | CONAE | 500 | Devel. | 2030 | |||||||||||
Unha | DPRK | KCST | 200 | -- | -- | -- | 4[br] | 3 | 2 | Active | 2006 | Var.: Paektusan based on Taepodong-1 missile; Unha based on Taepodong-2 missile. | [123][124] | |||
Vega | ITA FRA ESA |
Avio | 2,300 | -- | -- | 23 | 25[bs] | 24 | 22 | 22 | Active | 2012 | Vega, Vega-C, Vega-E in-development. |
[125] | ||
Vikram | IND | Skyroot Aerospace | 720 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | NET 2023 | Var.: Vikram 1, Vikram II, Vikram III | [126] | ||||||
VLM | BRA | CTA | 150 | -- | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | NET 2025 | [127][128][129] | ||||||
Vulcan | USA | ULA | 17,800–34,900 | 7,400–16,300 | -- | 99 | 2[bt] | 2 | 2 | 2 | Active | 2024 | [130][non-primary source needed][131][132][133] | |||
Yenisei | RUS | TsSKB-Progress RSC Energia |
88,000–115,000 | 20,000-27,000 | 0 | Devel. | NET 2032 | [134][135][136][137] | ||||||||
Zenit | USSR UKR RUS |
Yuzhnoye | 13,740 | 6,160 | 4,098 | -- | 84[bu] | 74 | 72 | Active | 1985 | Var.: 2, 2M (2SB, 2SLB), 3SL, 3SLB, 3SLBF | [138] | |||
Zephyr | FRA | Latitude | 100 | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2025 | [139] | |||||||
Zero | JPN | Interstellar Technologies | 100 (SSO) | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2023 | [140] | |||||||
Zhuque-2 | CHN | LandSpace | 4,000 (LEO) 1,500 (500 km SSO)[141] |
-- | -- | 4[bv] | 4 | 3 | 3 | Active | 2022 | Var.: ZQ-2 | 1st methalox LV to reach: space (2022), orbit (2023), orbit with payload (12/2023) |
[36][141][142] | ||
6,000 (LEO) 4,000 (500 km SSO)[142] |
-- | -- | Var.: ZQ-2E | |||||||||||||
Zhuque-3 | CHN | LandSpace | 21,000 (expendable) | -- | -- | 0 | Devel. | 2025 | methalox LV with reusable 1st stage; stainless steel body | [143] | ||||||
12,500–18,300 (1st stage recovered) | ||||||||||||||||
Zuljanah | IRN | ISA | 220[144] | 0 | Devel. | NET 2023 | Two successful suborbital flights | [145][144] |
List of retired launcher families
[edit]- Legend
- Retired
Family | Country/Orgs. | Manufac. | Payload (kg) | Cost (US$, millions) |
Launches reaching... | Status | Date of flight | Notes | Refs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LEO | GTO | TLI | Total | Space | Any orbit | Target orbit | First | Last | |||||||
Ariane 1-2-3 | FRA ESA |
Aérospatiale | — | 2,650 | — | -- | 28 | Retired | 1979 | 1989 | [146][147] | ||||
Ariane 4 | FRA ESA |
Aérospatiale | 7,000 | 4,720 | — | -- | 116 | Retired | 1988 | 2003 | Var.: 40, 42P, 42L, 44P, 44L, 44LP | [147] | |||
Ariane 5 | FRA ESA |
Airbus | 21,000 | 10,735[148] | — | 165–220 | 117 | 115 | 115 | 112 | Retired | 1996 | 2023 | Var.: G, G+, GS, ECA, ES. | [149][150][151] |
ASLV | IND | ISRO | 150 | -- | -- | -- | 4 | Retired | 1987 | 1994 | [152] | ||||
Athena I & II | USA | Lockheed ATK | 2,065 | -- | 295 | -- | 7 | Retired | 1995 | 2001 | Launch Lunar Prospector.[153] | [154] | |||
Atlas I (Atlas A-B-C-D-E-F-G) |
USA | Lockheed | 5,900 | 2,340 | -- | -- | 514 | Retired | 1957 | 1997 | Launch Mercury. Atlas or Centaur upper stage. |
[155][156][157][158] | |||
Atlas II | USA | Lockheed | 8,618 | 3,833 | -- | -- | 63 | 63 | 63 | Retired | 1991 | 2004 | [159][160][161] | ||
Atlas III | USA | Lockheed | 10,759 | 4,609 | -- | -- | 6 | 6 | 6 | Retired | 2003 | 2005 | Var.: IIIA, IIIB | [162][163] | |
Black Arrow | UK | RAE Westland | 132 | -- | -- | -- | 4 | 3 | Retired | 1969 | 1971 | [164] | |||
Delta | USA | Douglas | 3,848 | 1,312 | -- | -- | 186 | Retired | 1960 | 1989 | Launched Pioneer & Explorer probes. Var. A, B, C, D, E, G, J, L, M, N, 300, 900, 1X00, 4X00, 2X00, 3X00, 5X00 |
[165] | |||
Delta II | USA | ULA | 6,000 | 2,171 | 1,508 | 51 | 153 | 152 | 152 | 151 | Retired | 1989 | 2018 | Launched Mars probes MGS to Phoenix Var.: 6000, 7000, and Heavy. |
[165][166][167] |
Delta III | USA | Boeing | 8,290 | 3,810 | -- | -- | 3 | 2 | 2 | Retired | 1998 | 2000 | [168][169] | ||
Delta IV | USA | ULA | 23,040 | 13,130 | 9,000 | -- | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | Retired | 2002 | 2024 | Var.: M, M+, and Heavy. | [170] |
Diamant | FRA | SEREB | 160 | -- | -- | -- | 12 | 9 | Retired | 1965 | 1975 | [citation needed] | |||
Dnepr (R-36M) |
UKR RUS |
Yuzhmash | 3,600 | -- | 750 | 14 | 17 | Retired | 1999 | 2015 | [171][172][173] | ||||
Energia | USSR | NPO Energia | 100,000 | 20,000 | 32,000 | 240 (Energia−Buran) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Retired | 1987 | 1988 | 1 partial failure with Polyus spacecraft, 1 successful flight with Buran shuttle. | [174][citation needed] |
Falcon 1 | USA | SpaceX | 420[175] | -- | -- | 7.9[175] | 5[176] | 4[175] | 2[175] | 2[176] | Retired[175] | 2006 | 2009 | ||
Feng Bao 1 (DF-5) |
CHN | SAST | 2,500 | -- | -- | -- | 8 | 4 | Retired | 1972 | 1981 | 3 successful suborbital flights | [177] | ||
GSLV Mark I | IND | ISRO | 5,000 | 2,500 | -- | -- | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | Retired | 2001 | 2010 | [27][28][29] | |
H-I | JPN | Mitsubishi | 3,200 | -- | -- | 9 | 9 | Retired | 1986 | 1992 | License-built version of the Thor-ELT | [178] | |||
J-I | JPN | IHI Corporation Nissan Motors | 880 | -- | -- | -- | 1 | Retired | 1996 | 1996 | Partial demonstration flight only | [citation needed] | |||
Kosmos (R-12 & R-14) |
USSR | Yuzhnoye Polyot | 1,500 | -- | -- | 12 | 610 | 559 | Retired | 1967 | 2010 | Var.: 1, 2, 3, 3M | [150][179][180] | ||
Kaituozhe (DF-31) |
CHN | CALT | 800 | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Retired (likely) | 2002 | 2017 | Var.: KT-1, KT-2, KT2-A | [181] |
Lambda 4S | JPN | Nissan ISAS | 26 | -- | -- | -- | 5 | 1 | Retired | 1966 | 1970 | [citation needed] | |||
Long March 1 | CHN | CALT | 300 | -- | -- | -- | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | Retired | 1970 | 1971 | [182][183][184] | |
Long March 1D | CHN | CALT | 740 | -- | -- | -- | 0 | Retired | 1995 | 2002 | 3 suborbital launches only (2 successful.) | [182][183][184] | |||
Mu 1-3-4 | JPN | Nissan Motor IHI | 770 | -- | -- | -- | 27 | Retired | 1966 | 1995 | Var.: 1, 3D, 4S, 3C, 3H, 3S, 3SII | [185] | |||
Mu 5 | JPN | Nissan Motor IHI | 1,800 | -- | -- | -- | 7 | 6 | Retired | 1997 | 2006 | Var.: M-V, M-V KM | [citation needed] | ||
N1 | USSR | NPO Energia | 90,000 | -- | 23,500 | -- | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Retired | 1969 | 1972 | Designed for Soviet Manned Lunar Mission | [186] |
N-I & II | JPN | Mitsubishi | 2,000 | 730 | -- | -- | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14[bw] | Retired | 1975 | 1987 | Derived from the American Delta rocket | [187] |
Naro | ROK | Khrunichev KARI | 100 | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Retired | 2009 | 2013 | First stage uses the Russian RD-151 engine | [188] |
Safir | IRN | ISA | 50 | -- | -- | -- | 8[bx] | 5 | 4 | 4 | Retired | 2007 | 2019 | Numbers given here may be in dispute | [189] |
Saturn I & IB | USA | Chrysler Douglas | 18,600 | -- | -- | 19 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | Retired | 1961 | 1975 | Saturn 1 family also included 6 suborbital test launches | [190][191] |
Saturn V | USA | Boeing North American Douglas | 118,000 | -- | 47,000 | 185 | 13 | 13 | 13 | Retired | 1967 | 1973 | Var.: Apollo, Skylab | [190][192][193] | |
Scout | USA | US Air Force NASA | 210 | -- | -- | -- | 125 | 104 | Retired | 1960 | 1994 | Var.: X1, X2, A, D, G | [194] | ||
Shtil'/Volna-O (R-29) |
RUS | Makeyev | 430 | -- | -- | -- | 8[by] | 7 | 2 | 2 | Retired (as commercial launchers)[195] | 1995 | 2006 | Var.: Volna, Shtil, 2.1, 2R, 3 | [195] |
SLV | IND | ISRO | 40 | -- | -- | -- | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | Retired | 1979 | 1983 | Launched Rohini satellite series | [196] |
STS (Space Shuttle) |
USA | Alliant Martin Marietta Rockwell | 24,400 | 3,810 | -- | 450 | 135 | 134 | 134 | 133 | Retired | 1981 | 2011 | Orbiter mass: 68585 kg. | [197] |
Terran 1 | USA | Relativity Space | 1,250 | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Retired | 2023 | 2023 | anticipates 3-D printing most rocket parts | [198] | |
Thor | USA | Douglas | 1,270 | -- | 38 | -- | 357 | Retired | 1957 | 1980 | Launched Pioneer & Explorer probes | [165] | |||
Titan II-(II GLV)-III-IV (LGM-25C) |
USA | Martin Marietta | 21,900 | 5,773 | 8,600 | 350 | 369 | Retired | 1959 | 2005 | Var.: I, II, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, IIID, IIIE, 34D, IVA, IVB Gemini launcher |
[199][200] | |||
Tsyklon (R-36) |
USSR UKR |
Yuzhmash | 4,100 | -- | -- | -- | 259 | Retired | 1967 | 2009 | Var.: 1, 2, 3. | [201] | |||
Vanguard | USA | Martin | 23 | -- | -- | -- | 12 | 3 | Retired | 1957 | 1959 | [202] | |||
Zhuque-1 | CHN | LandSpace | 300 | -- | -- | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Retired | 2018 | 2018 | [203][204] |
See also
[edit]- Comparison of orbital launch systems
- Comparison of orbital rocket engines
- Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
- List of orbital launch systems
Notes
[edit]- ^ Number of Alpha launches current as of 04 July 2024.
- ^ Number of Angara 1.2 + A5 launches current as of 17 September 2024.
- ^ Number of Antares launches current as of 02 August 2023.
- ^ The only currently available version, Antares 230+, has only one launch planned, in July 2023. After that, the development period will follow.
- ^ Number of Ariane 6 launches current as of 09 July 2024.
- ^ Number of Astra launches current as of 12 June 2022.
- ^ Number of Atlas V launches current as of 30 July 2024.
- ^ All remaining planned launches are sold.
- ^ Number of Ceres-1 launches current as of 19 December 2024.
- ^ Number of Chollima-1 launches current as of 27 May 2024.
- ^ Number of Electron launches current as of 21 December 2024.
- ^ Number of Epsilon launches current as of 12 October 2022.
- ^ Number of Falcon 9 launches are updated via manual input into "Template:Falcon rocket statistics". Said page was last updated on 17 December 2024.
- ^ One flight put primary but not secondary payload into correct orbit,[21] one rocket and payload were destroyed before launch in preparation for static fire[22][non-primary source needed] and thus is not counted.
- ^ Upgraded to version 1.1 in 2013.
- ^ Upgraded to version FT in 2015.
- ^ Falcon rocket statistics template page last updated on 17 December 2024.
- ^ Number of Gravity-1 launches current as of 11 January 2024.
- ^ Number of GSLV Mark II launches current as of 17 February 2024.
- ^ Number of H-II (all versions) launches current as of 26 September 2024.
- ^ Number of H3 launches current as of 04 November 2024.
- ^ Number of Hyperbola-1 launches current as of 10 July 2024.
- ^ Jielong 1 launch numbers current as of 17 August 2019.
- ^ Jielong 3 launch numbers current as of 24 September 2024.
- ^ Number of KAIROS launches current as of 18 December 2024.
- ^ Number of Kuaizhou launches current as of 4 December 2024.
- ^ Number of Kuaizhou launches excludes a successful suborbital test launch on 17 March 2012.
- ^ According to cited reference, a KZ-11 3rd stage failed to ignite during the launch on 10 July 2020; also, the KZ-1A launch on 12 September 2020 experienced a 4th-stage failure. Both launches likely reached space.
- ^ LauncherOne launch numbers current as of 9 January 2023.
- ^ The parent company suspended operations and declared bankruptcy
- ^ Lijian-1 launch numbers current as of 11 November 2024.
- ^ Number of Long March 2-3-4 launches current as of 20 December 2024.
- ^ The total number of launches in the CZ-2,3,4 series listed here does not include 6 possible launches [5 possilbe successes and 1 possible failure] of the CZ-2C (3) var. noted in reference.[44]
- ^ Sources from List of Long March launches are unclear regarding whether 3 failed launches in the CZ-2,3,4 series reached space; thus the number quoted here is the minimum number of launches that reached space while the actual possible number could be greater than the quoted number by up to three.
- ^ CZ-2F is the crew-rated launcher for the Shenzhou spacecraft.
- ^ As of 21 February 2020, the following var. in the Long March 2-3-4 family of launchers have been retired: 2A, 2E, 3, 3B, and 4A.
- ^ Number of Long March 5 launches current as of 16 December 2024.
- ^ Number of Long March 6 launches current as of 5 December 2024.
- ^ Number of Long March 7 launches current as of 15 November 2024.
- ^ Number of Long March 8 launches current as of 20 March 2024.
- ^ Number of Long March 11 launches current as of 25 December 2023.
- ^ Number of Long March 12 launches current as of 30 November 2024.
- ^ Number of GSLV LVM-3 launches current as of 14 July 2023.
- ^ LVM-3 launch numbers do not include one successful suborbital flight.
- ^ Number of Minotaur I launches current as of 15 June 2021.
- ^ Number of Minotaur IV and V launches current as of 15 July 2020.
- ^ Number of Nuri launches current as of 25 May 2023.
- ^ Number of OS-M launches current as of 27 March 2019.
- ^ Number of Pegasus launches current as of 13 June 2021.
- ^ Number of Proton launches current as of 12 March 2023.
- ^ Number of PSLV launches current as of 5 December 2024.
- ^ Number of Qaem-100 launches current as of 14 September 2024.
- ^ Number of Qased launches current as of 27 September 2023.
- ^ Number of Rokot+Strela launches current as of 26 December 2019.
- ^ Number of RS1 launches current as of 20 January 2023.
- ^ Number of Shavit launches current as of 28 March 2023
- ^ Number of Simorgh launches current as of 6 December 2024.
- ^ Number of TV2 launches current as of 04 December 2023.
- ^ Number of SLS launches current as of 16 November 2022.
- ^ Number of R-7 Semyorka/Soyuz launches current as of 4 December 2024.
- ^ Due to the existence of ICBM variants, suborbital flights, and the large total number of flights, the number of launches reaching space and those reaching any orbit are not given here in order to lessen the possible dissemination of inaccurate information.
- ^ The total number of launches and launch successes are taken from the List of R-7 launches and from the R-7 Semyorka Wikipedia pages.
- ^ Number of SS-520 launches current as of 3 February 2018.
- ^ Number of SSLV launches current as of 16 August 2024.
- ^ Number of Starship launches current as of 19 November 2024.
- ^ Starship test launches are intended as pseudo-orbital flights (may be considered as suborbital) and so are included in this list for now.
- ^ Number of Start-1/Start launches current as of 25 April 2006.
- ^ Number of Taurus/Minotaur-C launches current as of 31 October 2017.
- ^ Number of Tianlong-2 launches current as of 02 April 2023.
- ^ Number of Unha-2/Unha-3 launches current as of 7 February 2016.
- ^ Number of Vega (all versions) launches current as of 6 December 2024.
- ^ Number of Vulcan launches current as of 04 October 2024.
- ^ Number of Zenit launches current as of 26 December 2017.
- ^ Number of Zhuque-2 launches current as of 27 November 2024.
- ^ One N-I launch partially failed due to recontact between satellite and upper stage.
- ^ Number of Safir launches current as of 29 August 2019. Number of launches and possible outcomes are in dispute. See main page at Safir.
- ^ 5 of the 8 launches were suborbital (of which 2 failed); 3 of the 8 launches were intended for LEO (2 successes).[195]
References
[edit]- ^ Clark, Steven (18 June 2019). "Firefly Offering Free Launch For Research and Education Payloads". SpaceFlightNow. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
- ^ "Angara launchers family on manufacturer website". Khrunichev.ru. Archived from the original on 2014-12-24. Retrieved 2014-01-22.
- ^ http://www.russianspaceweb.com/angara5_flight1.html Angara-5 takes to the sky
- ^ "Antares (Taurus-2)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Antares – Fact Sheet" (PDF). Orbital Sciences. 2017. FS007 06 OA 3695 021317. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-02-13. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- ^ "Antares Medium-class Launch Vehicle: Fact Sheet" (PDF). Orbital Sciences Corporation. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 3, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
- ^ Lagier, Roland (March 2018). "Ariane 6 User's Manual Issue 1 Revision 0" (PDF). Arianespace. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
- ^ Astra scrubs DARPA launch challenge attempt. NASASpaceFlight.com
- ^ "Atlas V Product Page". United Launch Alliance. Archived from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
- ^ "LRO/LCROSS Press Kit" (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ^ "Korean firm Perigee plans first South Australian rocket launch". 28 October 2019.
- ^ "Ceres-1". Gunter's Space page. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (10 August 2023). "Chinese startup launches 7th Ceres-1 rocket, preps for first sea launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
- ^ "Chollima-1". Gunter's Space page. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Tsiklon-4M (Cyclone-4M)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ a b c Jones, Andrew (13 February 2023). "Launches of Chinese commercial rockets could double in 2023". spacenews.com. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Completed Missions". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ JAXA pages: Epsilon Design E Archived 2013-06-10 at the Wayback Machine, and Result E Archived 2013-12-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ JAXA, Epsilon E press package Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "ERIS-S | ERIS-L". Gilmour Space Technologies. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ de Selding, Peter (12 October 2012). "Satellite Left Stranded by SpaceX Rocket Falls From Space". Space.com. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
- ^ "SpaceX on Twitter". Retrieved 2016-09-01.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (2011-04-05). "SpaceX enters the realm of heavy-lift rocketry". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
- ^ "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation - Falcon Heavy". SpaceX. 2013. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
- ^ Sheetz, Michael. "Elon Musk says the new SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket crushes its competition on cost". CNBC. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- ^ a b Jones, Andrew (11 January 2024). "Orienspace breaks Chinese commercial launch records with Gravity-1 solid rocket". spacenews.com. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ a b "GSLV Mk.1 (2)". Retrieved 2014-01-05.
- ^ a b ISRO GSLV Archived 2014-02-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "GSLV". Retrieved 2014-01-05.
- ^ "H-IIB Launch Vehicle". Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Archived from the original on 2014-04-09.
- ^ "H3 Launch Vehicle Brochure" (PDF).
- ^ a b Henry, Caleb (25 October 2019). "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries mulls upgraded H3 rocket variants for lunar missions". spacenews.com. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Shian Quxian-1 (SQX-1, Hyperbola-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (2 November 2023). "China's iSpace launches and lands rocket test stage". spacenews.com. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-1 (Smart Dragon-1, SD 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ^ a b c Jones, Andrew (6 July 2022). "New launch vehicles set for test flights from China's Jiuquan spaceport". SpaceNews. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Jielong-3 (Smart Dragon-3, SD 3)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
- ^ "Launch Vehicle". Space One. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Kuaizhou-1". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Kuaizhou-11". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
- ^ https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/25/virgin-orbits-air-launched-rocket-fails-on-first-test-flight/ - 25 May 2020
- ^ "Yinhe Hangtian - Lijian-2 (Y1) - Hainan CSLS - August?, 2025".
- ^ a b Jones, Andrew (11 December 2023). "China's reusable rocket race heats up with new hop test". spacenews.com. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ Gunter Dirk Krebs. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ "DF-5 Family". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Long March 5 Will Have World's Second Largest Carrying Capacity". Space Daily. 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
- ^
"China Tests Powerful Rocket Engine for New Booster". Space.com. 30 July 2012.
The more capable Long March 5 rocket is expected to help the country achieve its goal of constructing a space station in orbit by the year 2020, as well as play a key role in China's future space exploration aims beyond low-Earth orbit. The rocket's maiden launch is expected to occur in 2014
- ^ "CZ-6 (Chang Zheng-6)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (7 May 2024). "China launches first Long March 6C rocket". spacenews.com. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ Perrett, Bradley (2010-03-15). "Longer Marches". Aviation Week.
- ^ a b Jones, Andrew (14 February 2020). "China prepares to launch new rockets as part of push to boost space program". space.com. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (10 May 2023). "Tianzhou-6 cargo spacecraft reaches China's Tiangong space station". spacenews.com. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ a b Jones, Andrew (30 November 2020). "China pushes ahead with super-heavy-lift Long March 9". spacenews.com. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (22 December 2020). "China launches first Long March 8 from Wenchang spaceport". spacenews.com. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
- ^ a b c Jones, Andrew (9 November 2022). "China scraps expendable Long March 9 rocket plan in favor of reusable version". spacenews.com. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ a b Jones, Andrew (6 March 2022). "China wants its new rocket for astronaut launches to be reusable". space.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (15 November 2021). "Chinese crewed moon landing possible by 2030, says senior space figure". spacenews.com. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (17 December 2021). "China's new rocket for crewed moon missions to launch around 2026". spacenews.com. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (27 February 2023). "China unveils lunar lander to put astronauts on the moon". spacenews.com. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-11 (Chang Zheng-11)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (26 February 2024). "China's 2024 space plans include 100 launches and moon sample return mission". spacenews.com. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (22 August 2024). "China launches ChinaSat-4A communications satellite". spacenews.com. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "CZ-12 (Chang Zheng-12)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
- ^ "First Experimental Flight of GSLV Mk-III Successful". Indian Space Research Organisation. Archived from the original on 2022-08-16. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
- ^ "GSLV Mk.III". Indian Space Research Organisation. 2009-12-07. Archived from the original on 2017-06-05. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
- ^ SAINT-MARTIN, Thierry (January 2022). "ArianeGroup is launching MaiaSpace - JEC Group". jeccomposites.com/. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ a b Orbital Sciences, Minotaur History Archived December 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Orbital Sciences, Minotaur-1 Overview Archived 2014-10-30 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 25 September 2014)]
- ^ Orbital Sciences, Minotaur IV-V-VI Overview Archived 2014-07-16 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 25 September 2014)]
- ^ Henry, Caleb (28 November 2018). "PLD Space, after ESA input, doubles lift capacity of smallsat launcher". SpaceNews. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
- ^ "Medium Launch Vehicle". Firefly Aerospace. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (7 May 2022). "Deep Blue Aerospace completes kilometer-level rocket launch and landing test". SpaceNews. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ Bell, Adrian (18 April 2024). "China Roundup: ZhuQue-3 moves left, Tianlong-3 gets engines, and Chang Zheng rockets launch". nasaspaceflight. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
- ^ "Launch Neutron". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
- ^ Foust, Jeff (8 March 2017). "Eutelsat first customer for Blue Origin's New Glenn". SpaceNews. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
- ^ Jeffrey Lin; P.W. Singer (18 December 2017). "China could become a major space power by 2050". Popular Science.
- ^ "Cabinet approves Next Generation Launch Vehicle Soorya to be developed by Isro". 18 September 2024.
- ^ "ISRO eyes new generation launch vehicle for heavier payloads". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
- ^ Park, Si-soo (21 October 2021). "South Korea's 1st homegrown space rocket reaches space but fails to orbit dummy payload". SpaceNews. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ "Korea Space Launch Vehicle (Nuri)". Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Clark, Stephen. "Chinese startup OneSpace fails in first orbital launch attempt – Spaceflight Now". Retrieved 2019-04-12.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (7 December 2021). "Chinese private firm Galactic Energy puts five satellites in orbit with second launch". spacenews.com. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ^ "Pegasus User's Guide" (PDF). Orbital Sciences Corporation. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ^ "Topic: ? – XZY-1 – ? – 2025". nasaspaceflight.com. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ^ "China's Space Program Thread II, page 372, post#1075047". sinodefenceforum.com. 26 April 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ^ Sampson, Ben (17 July 2020). "Re-usable and sustainable rocket to launch from UK spaceport". Aerospace Testing International. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ Foust, Jeff (18 July 2018). "Orbex stakes claim to European smallsat launch market". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
- ^ "Proton Launch System Mission Planner's Guide. Section 2. LV Performance" (PDF). International Launch Services.
- ^ "Soyuz 7K-L1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2010-05-16. Circumlunar probe launched by Proton-K/D.
- ^ Surplus Missile Motors (PDF) (Report). United States Government Accountability Office. August 2017. GAO-17-609. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ^ Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
- ^ "PSLV – ISRO". isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Qaem-100". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ "Qased". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (2020-04-22). "Iran places military satellite in orbit". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
- ^ Federation, International Astronautical. "IAF : RFA - Rocket Factory Augsburg". iafastro.org. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
- ^ "Rocket Factory Augsburg unterzeichnet weitere Startverträge". OHB SE (in German). Retrieved 2021-08-04.
- ^ "Zehn Fragen an die Rocket Factory Augsburg". OHB SE (in German). Retrieved 2021-08-04.
- ^ "Home". Rocket Factory Augsburg. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
- ^ "Rockot User's Guide, Chapter 3: General Performance Capabilities (5.0)" (PDF). Eurockot Launch Services. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
- ^ "Rokot (Rockot)". space.skyrocket.de. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Strela". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Russian Strela Launches Kondor Satellite (retrieved 24 Sept 2014)
- ^ Nyirady, Annamarie (23 July 2019). "Lockheed Martin invests in ABL Space Systems". satellitetoday.com. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- ^ "Shavit page on Encyclopedia Astronautica". Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Simorgh (Safir-2)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "GYUB (South Korean Solid Fueled LV)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ "SLS fact sheet, PDF, Nasa website" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-02-03. Retrieved 2012-06-04.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (1 May 2020). "Hopeful for launch next year, NASA aims to resume SLS operations within weeks". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ "R-7 Family". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "РКЦ Прогресс РН "Союз-2"". en.samspace.ru. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "SS-520". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ SpaceX (29 September 2017). "Making Life Multiplanetary". Retrieved 2 November 2017 – via YouTube.[unreliable source?]
- ^ Foust, Jeff (2017-09-29). "Musk unveils revised version of giant interplanetary launch system". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
- ^ Ralph, Eric. "SpaceX will launch its Mars spaceship into orbit as early as 2020". Teslarati.com. Retrieved 12 March 2018.[unreliable source?]
- ^ "SpaceX".
- ^ "Elon Musk renames his BFR spacecraft Starship". BBC News. 20 November 2018.
- ^ "Start". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Taurus / Minotaur-C". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Space Pioneer rockets". Retrieved January 4, 2023.
- ^ a b Jones, Andrew (16 February 2023). "Chinese rocket firm Space Pioneer set for first launch". spacenews.com. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (7 July 2023). "Chinese launch firm secures fresh funding for reusable rocket". spacenews.com. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ^ "North Korea Successfully Launches Satellite: Reports", SPACE.com, December 12, 2012 (accessed 24 Sept. 2014)
- ^ "Status of North Korean Satellite unknown after prolonged Radio Silence, Reports of Tumbling – Spaceflight101". 12 February 2016.
- ^ Kyle, Ed. "New Launchers - ESA Vega". spacelaunchreport.com. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Launch Vehicle". Skyroot Aerospace. 2019-01-10. Archived from the original on 2020-12-15. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
- ^ Messier, Doug (7 October 2020). "Brazil Plans Launch of Brazilian Orbital Rocket from Brazilian Soil in 2022". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ "VLM". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- ^ "VLS". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Bruno, Tory. "Lots of requests to update the Capabilities info-G with the #VulcanRocket. (ie; future systems). Here you go.pic.twitter.com/QGK835yStI". Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "United Launch Alliance to lay off up to 875 by end of 2017: CEO". Reuters. 14 April 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "ULA now planning first launch of Vulcan in 2021". SpaceNews.com. 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ "Atlas V, Delta IV and Vulcan technical summary" (PDF). ulalaunch.com. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ^ "Russia to launch super-heavy rocket to Moon in 2032–2035". TASS. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- ^ Zak, Anatoly (19 February 2019). "The Yenisei super-heavy rocket". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^ "Possible dates for the launch of the Don super-heavy rocket have been named (In Russian)". RIA Novosti. 14 September 2019.
- ^ "Russian super-heavy rocket slated to launch in 2028 (In Russian)". TASS. 8 June 2017.
- ^ "Zenit Family". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Faust, Jeff (23 January 2024). "Latitude raises $30 million for small launch vehicle development". SpaceNews. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ Werner, Debra (9 August 2018). "Japan's Interstellar Technologies goes full throttle toward small orbital rocket". SpaceNews. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
- ^ a b Bell, Adrian (11 July 2023). "Landspace claims win in the methane race to orbit via second ZhuQue-2 launch". nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
- ^ a b Jones, Andrew (27 November 2024). "Landspace puts 2 satellites in orbit with enhanced Zhuque-2 rocket". SpaceNews. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (9 December 2023). "Landspace launches third methane Zhuque-2, targets 2025 launch of new stainless steel rocket". spacenews.com. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b Axe, David. "Iran's New Space Rocket Could Double As A Nuclear Missile". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
- ^ "Zoljanah". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ esa. "ESA". European Space Agency. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ a b "Ariane-1, -2, -3, -4". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Intelsat Pair lifted into Orbit in Record-Setting Ariane 5 Launch". Spaceflight 101. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
- ^ "Ariane-5". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ a b "FAA Semi- Annual Launch Report" (PDF). Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Arianespace aims high in Asia-Pacific". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "ASLV page, Astronautix". Archived from the original on June 28, 2002. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Lunar Prospector". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
- ^ "Athena-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
- ^ "Atlas-G Centaur-D1AR". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Atlas Family". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Atlas I". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on August 27, 2002. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ^ "Atlas-1 (Atlas-I)". space.skyrocket.de. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Spaceflight Now, Atlas IIAS (accessed 24 Sept 2014)
- ^ "Atlas-2AS (Atlas-IIAS)". space.skyrocket.de. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Tariq Malik "Final Atlas 2 Rocket Orbits Classified U.S. Satellite", Space News, August 31, 2004 (Accessed 24 Sept 2014)
- ^ Space Launch Report: Atlas III Data Sheet (accessed 24 Sept. 2014)
- ^ "Atlas IIIA". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2014-09-24.
- ^ Hill, C. N. (2001). "Black Arrow". A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket and Space Programme, 1950-1971 (2006 ed.). London: Imperial College Press. pp. 155–188. ISBN 1-86094-268-7.
- ^ a b c "Thor Family". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Full perfs of Delta Family, SkyRocket.de". Archived from the original on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
- ^ "Delta-7925H (Delta-II)". space.skyrocket.de. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Delta 3 on Encyclopedia Astronautica, Astronautix". Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Delta III Data Sheet". Space Launch Report. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
- ^ Delta IV Heavy, Delta IV.
- ^ "Dnepr SLS User's Guide" (PDF). ISC Kosmotras. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter D. "Dnepr". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (30 December 2016). "Iridium satellites closed up for launch on Falcon 9 rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Russian officials have said they plan to discontinue Dnepr launches.
- ^ Russian Space Web, Energia page. Retrieved 21 September 2010
- ^ a b c d e "Encyclopedia Astronautica Falcon 1". Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ a b Clark, Stephen (July 14, 2009). "Commercial launch of SpaceX Falcon 1 rocket a success". Spaceflight Now.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "FB-1 (Feng Bao-1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2022-07-31.
- ^ "H-1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
- ^ "Kosmos 3M page on Encyclopedia Astronautica". Archived from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Kosmos / Kosmos-2". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Kaituozhe-2 (KT-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ^ a b "CZ-1D page on Encyclopedia Astronautica". Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ a b "CZ-1". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ a b "List of retired launchers, Encyclopedia Astronautica". Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "M-class". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Complex N1-L3 Components". S.P. Korolev RSC "Energia". Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ "N-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
- ^ Bergin, Chris (30 January 2013). "South Korea launch STSAT-2C via KSLV-1". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
- ^ "Safir". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ a b NASA, Saturn launch vehicles (PDF)
- ^ "Saturn-1 & Saturn-1B". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Saturn-5". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "ch6". history.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Scout Family". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ a b c "Vysota / Volna / Shtil". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Claude Lafleur, SLV / Indian Launch Vehicle, Spacecraft Encyclopedia (accessed Sept 25 2014)
- ^ "NASA – Space Shuttle and International Space Station". Nasa.gov. Archived from the original on May 7, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2010.
- ^ "Terran". Relativity Space. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
- ^ "Titan Family". space.skyrocket.de. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Titan-4". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Tsiklon". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ "Vanguard Page on Encyclopedia Astronautica. Vanguard 3 satellite was 23 kg". Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (10 July 2018). "Commercial Chinese companies set sights on methalox rockets, first orbital launches". SpaceNews. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (27 October 2018). "Landspace fails to reach orbit with milestone private Chinese launch". Retrieved 28 October 2018.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rocket comparisons.