1985 Summer Universiade

XIII Summer Universiade
第13回夏季ユニバーシアード
Host city	Kobe, Japan
Nations	106
Athletes	2,783
Events	119 in 11 sports
Opening	August 24, 1985
Closing	September 4, 1985
Opened by	Crown Prince Akihito
Main venue	Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium
	← 1983 Edmonton 1987 Zagreb →

The 1985 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIII Summer Universiade, took place in Kobe, Japan.

Mascot

The mascot of the Kobe Universiade, "Unitan", designed by Osamu Tezuka, is a red-crested white crane, symbolic of Japan and a good omen. The name was chosen from some 8,000 suggestions received from throughout the country. The name is derived from a combination of 'uni' from 'Universiade' and 'tan' from the Japanese name for red-crested crane, namely 'tancho-tsuru'.

Gender test

The sex chromatin test was used at these games to decide on participants' gender; Spanish hurdler Maria José Martínez-Patiño was declared a man and thus ruled ineligible for the women's events.^[1]^[2]^[3] In agreement with officials who suggested she fake an injury so she could withdraw without publicity, she complied. She later fought, successfully, to have that diagnosis reversed.^[4]

Sports

Medal table


Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	Soviet Union (URS)	41	22	17	80
2	United States (USA)	25	21	23	69
3	Cuba (CUB)	8	8	5	21
4	China (CHN)	6	7	6	19
5	Romania (ROM)	5	10	6	21
6	Japan (JPN)*	5	3	7	15
7	Italy (ITA)	4	6	5	15
8	Bulgaria (BUL)	4	5	5	14
9	North Korea (PRK)	3	3	3	9
10	Netherlands (NED)	3	1	4	8
11	Poland (POL)	3	1	2	6
12	South Korea (KOR)	3	0	4	7
13	West Germany (FRG)	2	4	9	15
14	Australia (AUS)	2	4	2	8
15	Nigeria (NGR)	2	1	2	5
16	Hungary (HUN)	1	4	3	8
17	Great Britain (GBR)	1	2	3	6
18	Brazil (BRA)	1	2	2	5
19	Czechoslovakia (TCH)	1	0	1	2
19	Jamaica (JAM)	1	0	1	2
21	Canada (CAN)	0	6	7	13
22	France (FRA)	0	4	3	7
23	Yugoslavia (YUG)	0	1	2	3
24	Mexico (MEX)	0	1	0	1
	New Zealand (NZL)	0	1	0	1
	Portugal (POR)	0	1	0	1
	Uruguay (URU)	0	1	0	1
28	Ivory Coast (CIV)	0	0	1	1
	Morocco (MAR)	0	0	1	1
	Puerto Rico (PUR)	0	0	1	1
Totals (30 entries)		121	119	125	365

References

^ Ruth Padawer (June 28, 2016). "The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes". The New York Times.
^ Ljungqvist, A. (2008-04-15). "Gender Verification". In Barbara L. Drinkwater (ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine: An IOC Medical Commission Publication, Women in Sport. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 183–93. ISBN 9780470756850. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ Schultz, Jaime (2014). Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport. U of Illinois P. pp. 111–12. ISBN 9780252095962.
^ Cole, Cheryl L. (2000). "One Chromosome Too Many?". In Kay Schaffer (ed.). The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. Sidonie Smith. Rutgers UP. pp. 128–46. ISBN 9780813528205. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

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[1] Ruth Padawer (June 28, 2016). "The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes". The New York Times.

[Ljungqvist-2] Ljungqvist, A. (2008-04-15). "Gender Verification". In Barbara L. Drinkwater (ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine: An IOC Medical Commission Publication, Women in Sport. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 183–93. ISBN 9780470756850. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[Schultz-3] Schultz, Jaime (2014). Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport. U of Illinois P. pp. 111–12. ISBN 9780252095962.

[Cole-4] Cole, Cheryl L. (2000). "One Chromosome Too Many?". In Kay Schaffer (ed.). The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. Sidonie Smith. Rutgers UP. pp. 128–46. ISBN 9780813528205. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

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v t e FISU World University Games
Summer Games	Turin 1959 Sofia 1961 Porto Alegre 1963 Budapest 1965 Tokyo 1967 Turin 1970 Moscow 1973 Rome 1975 Sofia 1977 Mexico City 1979 Bucharest 1981 Edmonton 1983 Kobe 1985 Zagreb 1987 Duisburg 1989 Sheffield 1991 Buffalo 1993 Fukuoka 1995 Sicily 1997 Palma de Mallorca 1999 Beijing 2001 Daegu 2003 İzmir 2005 Bangkok 2007 Belgrade 2009 Shenzhen 2011 Kazan 2013 Gwangju 2015 Taipei 2017 Naples 2019 Chengdu 2021^† Yekaterinburg 2023^‡ Rhine-Ruhr 2025 Chungcheong 2027 North Carolina 2029
Winter Games	Chamonix 1960 Villars 1962 Špindlerův Mlýn 1964 Sestriere 1966 Innsbruck 1968 Rovaniemi 1970 Lake Placid 1972 Livigno 1975 Špindlerův Mlýn 1978 Jaca 1981 Sofia 1983 Belluno 1985 Štrbské Pleso 1987 Sofia 1989 Sapporo 1991 Zakopane 1993 Jaca 1995 Muju-Chonju 1997 Poprad-Tatry 1999 Zakopane 2001 Tarvisio 2003 Innsbruck-Seefeld 2005 Turin 2007 Harbin 2009 Erzurum 2011 Trentino 2013 Granada-Štrbské Pleso 2015 Almaty 2017 Krasnoyarsk 2019 Lucerne 2021^§ Lake Placid 2023 Turin 2025 TBD 2027
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