Palatoglossus muscle

Palatoglossus muscle
Palatoglossus muscle
	The mouth cavity seen from anterior view. The palatoglossus muscle is beneath the glossopalatine arch (labeled at upper right)
	Dissection of the muscles of the palate from behind. (palatoglossus muscle not labeled)
Details
Origin	Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion	Tongue
Nerve	Vagus nerve (via pharyngeal branch to pharyngeal plexus)
Actions	Raising the back part of the tongue
Identifiers
Latin	musculus palatoglossus
TA98	A05.1.04.110
TA2	2131
FMA	46697
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

The palatoglossal muscle is a muscle of the soft palate and an extrinsic muscle of the tongue. Its surface is covered by oral mucosa and forms the visible palatoglossal arch.

Structure

From its origin, it passes anteroinferiorly and laterally. It passes anterior to the palatine tonsil.^[1]

Origin

The palatoglossus arises (the oral aspect of) the palatine aponeurosis of the soft palate, where it is continuous with its contralateral partner (i.e. the same muscle of the opposite side).^[1]

Insertion

It inserts onto the side of the tongue; some of its fibers extend over the dorsum of the tongue, and some pass into the substance of the tongue to intermingle with the transverse muscle of tongue.^[1]

Innervation

The palatoglossus muscle receives motor innervation from the pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve.^[1]

It is the only muscle of the tongue not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).^[1]

Controversy

Some sources state that the palatoglossus is innervated by fibers from the cranial part of the accessory nerve (CN XI) that travel via the pharyngeal plexus.^[2]

Other sources state that the palatoglossus is not innervated by XI hitchhiking on X, but rather it is innervated by IX via the pharyngeal plexus formed from IX and X.^[3]

Actions/movements

The palatoglossus elevates the root of the tongue (i.e. the posterior attached portion of the tongue^{[citation needed]}). It approximates the ipsilateral (same side) palatoglossal arch to the contralateral (opposite side) one, thus separating the oral cavity and the oropharynx.^[1]

Function

It closes the oropharyngeal isthmus, and aids initiation of swallowing. This muscle also prevents the spill of saliva from vestibule into the oropharynx by maintaining the palatoglossal arch.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1139 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. p. 710. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Section 3, Chapter 35 - Neck and Upper Aerodigestive Tract - Pharynx. In: Standring, S, editors. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 39th Edition. London: Elsevier; 2008. p628
^ Chapter 8 Head and Neck. In: Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM, editors. Gray's Anatomy for Students. London: Elsevier; 2005. p991

External links

"Anatomy diagram: 05287.011-1". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01.

.

[:224-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. p. 710. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[2] Section 3, Chapter 35 - Neck and Upper Aerodigestive Tract - Pharynx. In: Standring, S, editors. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 39th Edition. London: Elsevier; 2008. p628

[3] Chapter 8 Head and Neck. In: Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM, editors. Gray's Anatomy for Students. London: Elsevier; 2005. p991

[1]

[2]

[3]