User:Gabrielramon43/sandbox

Article: Bad Bunny^[1]

Evaluating Content:

• Not everything provided in the article is actually relevant to the main article topic. Two main things that stood out were not necessary to included and did not contribute to the overall topic. The first thing is that in the very fist lines of the article, it explains who Bad Bunny is, his music, where he is from, and the fact that he was a grocery bagger while his music career was beginning. In my opinion, saying that he was a grocery bagger was very off topic. The second piece of writing that wasn't relevant was in the Career section, it stated how the lyrics to one of his songs is sexually stimulating. Though some of his music can be controversial, I thought that it was unnecessary to add that piece to it.
• From what I read of the article, most of the information is up to date and accurately with the timeline of his music career. The one thing I did feel as though was missing is the release of his very first album, titled X 100PRE, in late 2018.
• As far as improvements, I believe that the one thing that could be improved is expanding on his time at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. It would have been interesting to know whether or not he graduated and what his area of study was.

Evaluating tone:

• For the most part I would say that this article does at good job at remaining neutral, except for the one about Bad Bunny's music being sexual. The wording itself does not seem negative yet, the tone of the article makes it sound a little negative.
• I do not believe that any viewpoints are that overrepresented. The only information that I believe is underrepresented in his educational career and his latest album.

Evaluating Sources:

• Most of the links to the citations do seem to work and take you directly to source information. The sources also do support the claims of the article.
• Each fact in the article is supported by either one or more appropriate reference. However, most of the sources are from independent websites. They are also a bug combination of English and Spanish sources. Most of the article's sources are not neutral, most are showing him in a positive light and highlight his accomplishment with awards and collaborations with various other artists

Checking the talk page:

• There are not any conversations on the talk of the article. The only things located in the talk page are a request for the article is tefl to be edited and a section describing that the article information has been nominated for deletion. In the section about deletion it does mention how bad Bunny got his name which isn't in the the original article.
• The article does not seem to be rated just yet nor is it a part of any wikiprojects.
• The way wikipedia discusses this topic does not relate at all to class discussions because this is a topic that we do not discuss in class.

Article Selection for Wiki Project:

Ideas Topic Ideas:

• access to clean/water resource and conservation in Mexico (this is most likely the topic I will chose)
• access to clean water/water resource and conservation in California.
• the effects of waste/plastic/oil spill in the pacific ocean
• effects of droughts in California

COMMENT: I think we decided that you're contribution would best fit as a section of the existing page [[Water supply and sanitation in Mexico ]], is that correct? If so go ahead and assign yourself that page. Julianfulton (talk) 03:54, 23 February 2019 (UTC)

Possible Sources for Wiki Project:

• http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/805901468281748091/pdf/411690MX0Lerma1ase1study1501PUBLIC1.pdf
• http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/358891468050661935/pdf/382050ENGLISH01ve0950Water01PUBLIC1.pdf
• http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2017/10/30/delivering-better-water-services-to-mexicans
• https://blogs.worldbank.org/water/category/countries/mexico
• http://www.doingbusiness.org/en/reports/case-studies/subnational/connecting-to-water-and-sewerage-in-mexico
• the class text book, Environment: Science, Issues, Solutions
• http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2017/10/30/delivering-better-water-services-to-mexicans

Bibliography/Notes

• This source, titled Clean Energy and Water: assessment of Mexico for improved water services and renewable energy, taken from the text of Environment, Development and Sustainability.The text is authored by Kelly T. Sanders, Carey W. King, Ashlynn S. Stillwell, and Micheal E. Webber. This article discusses that though Mexico has been know mainly for its oil production, it has also been known for its scare water resources. The main issue in solving this epidemic is the lack of energy resources in many areas of Mexico. The authors propose different ideas for renewable energy sources in order to provide access to clean water in many parts of the country.^[2]
• The article, titled Mexico Infrastructure Public Expenditure Review, published on October 24, 2005, overall discusses the different types of finical tasks, aid, reform, issues, and services that banks have been linked with across various sections and departs in Mexico. The main argument discussed is the need for finical sustainability in order to keep public resources and infrastructure stable. One of the sections that this article analyses are water supply and sanitation in Mexico and the costs affected and/or related with it. ^[3]
• This particular source titled, Delivering Better Water Services to Mexicans, comes from The World Bank website, www.worldbank.org. The article itself describes what the program PROME is and how it used to provide cleaner water to communities in Mexico. PROME stands for Programa de Mejoramiento de Eficiencia de Organismos Operadores, was established by the Mexican government and was given various loans to use to prompter themselves and to purchase utilities for their own projects.^[4]

Article Outline

• Historical Content
  • there already is a section that included the history of water supply and sanitation is the original article, however the timeline stops at 2000. I can possibly ad more to it for the past 20 years I regards not only to supply and sanitation but access to clean water. Also, since the historical timeline for this article is about supply and sanitation, I can also add to the other time periods in regards to access and give them more depth.
• Water Technology
  • For this section, I would like to go in depth about recent technological developments that aid Mexico in getting access to clean water. I would also like to explain technology they have developed that is used to purify other types of water into clean usable water.
• Climate
  • For this particular section I would primarily discuss how Mexico is typically a dry place and doesn't receive mush rain water to being with. This could be a topic that I could use to explain why Mexico does not have the most amount of available water to use in general due to its dry climate. I could also explain how climate change has affected Mexico's climate in past couple years and how it has affected the amount of water they receive. This section could also be used as a background section that sets the tone for the rest of the Wiki article.
  • I could also include the climate of specific areas/cities in Mexico and the amount of clean
• Lack of Water Resources
  • This particular section might be a bit similar to the water technology and/or climate but I would still like to include it and try make it about other resources about water access that do not fall under those two categories. This section could maybe be dedicated to natural resources such as wells, rivers, etc.
• Water Laws and Regulations
  • In the original article I am using there is section that is well developed regarding this topic. However, it mainly analyzes one singular regulation regarding supply and sanitation. I would want to included multiple regulations that deal with water access and even possibly include foreign policies and agreements dealing with Mexico's water access. Considering the original article does have something similar to this, this section is still up in the air and might not be included in the final edit.
• Organization/Programs
  • In this section of the Wiki Article I would like to mention different organization and programs that are aimed at helping different communities in Mexico with access to fresh water. This would not be such an in depth section since it would difficult to find scholarly sources on the different organizations and programs that do this. This is also a section that is up in the air and could possibly

This is my working draft for the wikipedia project. I still have to working on half of the article section, edit, and add in my source citations.

Article Draft

The limited access to clean water continues to be a pressing issue for many regions along the Mexico–United States border. Locations on either side of the border continue to suffer from limited access water resources and technologies that aid them in having clean water at all. Regions such as El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Mexico have an array of environmental issues that contribute to the  deficiency of clean water. One particle environmental issues that this region is most exposed to is high availability of solar radiation that is actually being used to generate purified drinking water. Through the use of hydrogen fuel cells. The hybrid simulation model was developed in 2004 by H. Hugo Lopez and Russell R. Chianelli at the University of Texas at El Paso. This models uses a variety of technologies such as Electrolyzers, Fuel cells, and Bioreactor and Hydrogen steam reformers that are all aimed at creating a reusable sources of energy that can replace fossil fuels and create water that is safe for human consumption. The Hydrogen fuel cells in the hybrid simulation model can produce safe water for homes using solar electricity. Oxygen and hydrogen gained from both the Electrolyzer and Bioreactor and Hydrogen steam reformer create the clean water thus, aid more homes in the El Paso/Juarez region access to clean water through the use of solar electricity.^[5]

Mexico’s climate is another big contributor as to why some parts of the country have relatively low accessibility to clean and safe water. First off, the country is self is split between two tropical areas of the globe that make for differing condition in different regions. Mexico’s southern half sits in the intertropical area of the globe and the northern half of it rests in the temperate area. Both these wind zones, Intertropical Convergence Zone and Temperate zone, have different wind patterns that cause dry climates in various parts of the country. Due to the different wind zones, two-thirds of Mexico is considered to be arid to semi-arid as the only receive about 500 mm of rain year round. The other third of the country is categorized as humid  and various greatly from the previous two-thirds, as the remaining third receives more than 2000 mm of rain all year. Most of the areas with limited access to clean water obviously fall under the arid and semi-arid regions.^[6]

Considering most of the Country experiences arid and/or semi-arid conditions, Drought are one of the most common natural disasters in Mexico. Droughts happen when the there are low levels of rainfall in a certain area. As a result, droughts significantly impact agricultural production systems that any people all over the world depend on. Droughts are also impacted by high temperatures that dries up pieces of land. Droughts very common in all of North America and ave 5 levels on intensity. Regions of Mexico that experience drought like conditions most commonly range from Veracruz, Tabasco, and the Yucatan. In May of 2016, 14.3% of land of surface area in Mexico experienced dramatic shift in drought levels from moderate to extreme. The month of November is primarily known as the time of year when they wet season ends and the dry season begins. However, in November 2016, regions in the Yucatan peninsula and Tabasco actually had not stop with the previous dry season, regarding it as the 40th driest month ever.^[6]

The Groundwater found all over Mexico is used in various different ways. Three ways that groundwater in Mexico is efficiently utilized are in usage, distribution, and consumption. Regarding its usage, groundwater is extremely versatile in Mexico is due to its physical characteristics. Since groundwater is mainly stored in aquifers, it is fairly easy to access year round thus, also benefiting the country socio-economically. As far as distribution, as mentioned before, groundwater is stored in various aquifers that makes available practically anytime. To be exact, Mexico has 653 aquifers placed all around the country. This in turn also relates to constitution since, 39% of consumable water in Mexico comes from sources such as aquifers. However, even considering the amount of groundwater resources available in Mexico, in 2016, aquifers mainly in Baja California indicating high level of saline soil and brackish water. 32 quifers were identified with saltwater intrusion thus, still creating limited access to clean water. ^[6]

First and foremost, The Constitution of Mexico, which was originally established in 1917, states that all water in Mexico is considered “national waters”. This sets the premises that Mexico has the rights all water Mexico and can do whatever it is they please with since they hold the territorial rights. The only water that is exempt from such territorial rights is rain water, specifically before it hits the ground considering it has not touched Mexican Land.^[7] Mexico also has the rights to various natural resources similar to water such as soil, sea water created by salt mines and liquid petroleum. They also have the rights to all lagoons, natural lakes, rivers, streams, springs and other bodies of water that flow into the ocean, directly connected streams, flow in between different states, flow along borders of different countries, and extractable underground waters.^[8] The constitution also states that the Nations has the right to regulate private property as social demands shift, including private bodies of water. Such private land will be regulated through building new infrastructure and simulating farming and agricultural process in order to see how much water is needed all with the intent of avoid such water to be exploited or damaged.^[8]

PROME stands for Programa de Mejoramiento de Eficiencia de Organismos Operadores, in English translates to The Mexico Water Utilities Efficiency Improvement Project. PROME was established in 2010 and was dedicated to improve current utilities across the country to be more energy efficient. The Mexican government specifically instilled this project in order to reduce sector subsidies. One of the main focus areas that PROME targets are water utilities. Before PROME was even an idea in 2005, 98% of urban population in Mexico did have access to improved water resources. However, the resources from all 98% were very inefficient due the lack of financial stability from their providers and high rates of efficiency. PROME seeked to tackle both these issue head on in order to provide the most quality water services in Mexico. This project also worked hand-in-hand with Mexico’s National Water Commission (CONAGUA). [[Together, some of the results seen from CONAGUA and PROME included: working with 91 water utility companies in 25 Mexican States, 12 water utility companies recorded an increase in commercial usage by around 5%, and SEPAL, a utility company out of Jalisco, had a reduction their water usage while their company was still growing thus leaving more usage for those in need. ^[9]

Fundacion Cantaro Azul is a water technology organization founded in Mexico in 2006. Their main goal is to design and implement water programs that focus on technology in households, school, communities, and in health centers.^[10] One of their main projects regarding access to safe water in the Mesita Azul. Essentially, Mesita Azul is a water disinfection system faucet appliance. It purifies and disinfects things such bacteria, viruses, and protozoa that pass through an ultraviolet light at five liter per minute. When water is passed through Mesita Azul, small doses of germicidal disinfectants mix with the water and take out all the negative qualities. Overall, the product creates sustainable and safe drinking water households across Mexico. ^[11]

The Lerma-Chapala River Basin Council was first introduced 1993 and was improvement council from the previous River Basin Council. The Lerma-Chapala Council was established by The Mexican federal government as well as five state governments. The goal of both councils were to created programs that allocate water usage among regions in Mexico City, Queretaro, Guanajuato, Jalisco, and Michoacan. These five states chose to establish this council baucase a river basin that flows from River Lerma to Lake Chapala and runs through all five of these states. There are approximately 11,300,00 total combined resident all five states that share this river, that also happens to be very shallow avagrging 7.2 meters deep. There are four major water concerns that the council wishes to address: water scarcity, pollution, alteration to Lake Chapala, and alterations to the overall basin ecosystem. In order to address such issues the council focused their own efforts on having equal distribution of water by having policies set in place, treatment of river water quality, increasing usage efficiency, and figuring out how to conserve the basin. ^[12]

The Sierra Madre Water Program was designed to help low-income villages and communities in both Mexico and Guatemala and is partnership between Water Charity, the National Peace Corps Association, and the Sexto Col Center for Community Action^[13]. Overall, the program is aimed at improving three things: access to safe water, sanitation, and health services to approximately 300 villages. They also hope to provide safe with the intentions of if being using for hygiene and agriculture in various households. Some of the projects here are working to implement safe water are improving and adding water technologies such building holding tanks connected to villages through a water line. Implementing more common things such as pumps, wells, rainwater catchment systems, water purification solutions, irrigation systems, aqueducts, etc. Depending on the village, this program will also be running sub projects that focus on health, hygiene, and sanitation rather than access. Projects such as clinics, bathrooms, and handwashing stations are a priority among health and hygiene. As of 2014, this program has already completed various village wide projects in 8 Mexican villages and still continues to do today.^[14]

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