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{{Short description|Japanese nonprofit organization}}
{{multiple issues|
{{update|date=March 2014}}
{{Primary sources|date=March 2009}}
}}

The {{Nihongo|'''Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer''' ('''USEF''')|財団法人無人宇宙実験システム研究開発機構}} was a Japanese space agency, which was founded by the [[Ministry of International Trade and Industry]] in 1986. Unlike [[National Space Development Agency of Japan|NASDA]], [[Institute of Space and Astronautical Science|ISAS]], and [[National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan|NAL]], it was not included in the [[JAXA]] organization, which was founded in 2003. The chairperson is [[Ichiro Taniguchi]].

In 2012, USEF merged two other organizations—[[Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center]] (ERSDAC) and [[Japan Resources Observation System Organization]] (JAROS)—to form a new organization '''Japan Space Systems''' ('''J-spacesystems''').

==Goal==
The aim of USEF is technology development, especially the testing of commercial off-the-shelf parts ([[Commercial off-the-shelf|COTS]]), robotics, [[Materials science|material sciences]] and technology for optical earth observations.

==Launch vehicle==
Unlike the JAXA organisation, USEF doesn't have its own launch vehicle. Instead, it has used either the [[H-IIA]], the [[Mu (rocket family)|M-3S]], or Russian rockets, so far. However, in 2008, [[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry|METI]] mentioned the possibility of USEF developing an air-launched vehicle for small payloads.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.responsivespace.com/Papers/RS6/SESSIONS/SESSION%20V/5004_MATSUDA/5004P.pdf |title=An Affordable Micro Satellite Launch Concept in Japan |last1=Matsuda |first1=Seiji |last2=Kanai |first2=Hiroshi |last3=Fuji |first3=Takayoshi |last4=Hinada |first4=Motoki |last5=Kaneoka |first5=Mitsuteru |publisher=6th Responsive Space Conference |date=April 28, 2008 |access-date=May 27, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220023050/http://www.responsivespace.com/Papers/RS6/SESSIONS/SESSION%20V/5004_MATSUDA/5004P.pdf |archive-date=February 20, 2012 }}</ref>

==Completed missions==

===EXPRESS===
The '''Experiment Re-entry Space System''' ('''EXPRESS''') was a 745&nbsp;kg (1,642&nbsp;lb) satellite for microgravity experiments and testing of re-entry technologies. The project was done in cooperation with ISAS (now JAXA) and [[German Aerospace Center|DLR]] of Germany. On January 15, 1995, it was launched on the M-3S. However, due to a problem with the rocket, the orbit was much lower than planned. The re-entry capsule was found later in [[Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usef.or.jp/english/f3_project/express/f3_express.html |title=EXPRESS: Experiment Re-entry Space System |publisher=USEF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307191609/http://www.usef.or.jp/english/f3_project/express/f3_express.html |archive-date=March 7, 2012 |access-date=May 27, 2015}}</ref>

===SERVIS 1===
{{Main|SERVIS-1}}
The SERVIS-1 is an 840&nbsp;kg (1,851&nbsp;lb) technology test mission with COTS parts. It was launched on October 30, 2001, with the Russian [[Rockot]] launch vehicle. the mission duration was two years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usef.or.jp/english/f3_project/servis/f3_servis.html |title=SERVIS: Space Environment Reliability Verification Integrated System |publisher=USEF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307192755/http://www.usef.or.jp/english/f3_project/servis/f3_servis.html |archive-date=March 7, 2012 |access-date=May 27, 2015}}</ref>

===USERS===
Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System (USERS) was launched on the [[H-IIA]] on September 10, 2002. The aim of the mission was microgravity experiments to perform the [[Super-Conductor Material Processing Experiment]] and also testing of satellite bus technologies. For the first part of the mission, USERS carried a return capsule. It was retrieved successfully on May 29, 2003. The mission of the main orbiter ended during re-entry in 2007.<ref name=users>{{cite web |url=http://www.usef.or.jp/english/f3_project/users/f3_users.html |title=USERS: Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System |publisher=USEF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312145311/http://www.usef.or.jp/english/f3_project/users/f3_users.html |archive-date=March 12, 2012 |access-date=May 27, 2015}}</ref>

===SERVIS 2===
{{Main|SERVIS-2}}
SERVIS-2 was a 900&nbsp;kg (1,984&nbsp;lb) technology test mission with [[Commercial off-the-shelf|COTS]] parts. It will continue the experiments done with the first [[SERVIS-1|SERVIS]] satellite.  It was launched on June 2, 2010, 01:59 UTC, with the Russian Rockot launch vehicle.<ref name=users/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usef.or.jp/project/servis/servis-2_0603.pdf |title=実証衛星2号機（SERVIS-2）打ち上げ成功 |language=ja |date=June 3, 2010 |access-date=June 3, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716212214/http://www.usef.or.jp/project/servis/servis-2_0603.pdf |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref>

==ASNARO missions==

===ASNARO 1===
{{ill|ASNARO|ja|ASNARO|fr|ASNARO|de|ASNARO-1}}-1, the first of "Advanced Satellite with New system Architecture Observation" series, is a 450&nbsp;kg (992&nbsp;lb) earth observation satellite. The expected resolution is less than 0.5 meter (1.6&nbsp;ft) from an SSO orbit. The
satellite was launched on 2014 Nov 6 by a Dnepr rocket from Yasniy, Russia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usef.or.jp/english/f3_project/asnaro/f3_asnaro.html |title=ASNARO: Advanced Satellite with New system Architecture for Observation |publisher=USEF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307201517/http://www.usef.or.jp/english/f3_project/asnaro/f3_asnaro.html |archive-date=March 7, 2012 |access-date=May 27, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kosmotras.ru/news/154 |access-date=November 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108083839/http://www.kosmotras.ru/news/154 |archive-date=November 8, 2014|title=ЗАПУСК КА "АСНАРО"|trans-title=STARTING AS "ASNARO"}}</ref>

===ASNARO 2===
ASNARO 2 is small X-band radar satellite for Earth observation. The satellite was launched on 17 January 2018 by an [[Epsilon (rocket)|Epsilon]] rocket.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www8.cao.go.jp/space/plan/plan2/kaitei_fy27/kaitei_fy27.pdf|title=宇宙基本計画工程表（平成27年度改訂）|trans-title=Basic space plan roadmap (Fiscal Year 2015 revision)|language=ja|publisher=Cabinet Office of Japan|date=December 18, 2015| access-date=September 7, 2016}}</ref>

==Other technology projects==
USEF developed the robotic arm of the [[ETS-VII]] project to test docking technology in the 1990s.

Demonstration of Green Propellant reaction control system (GPRCS) was originally under development for SERVIS-3 project.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ssl.jspacesystems.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/16/Jspacesystems_01.pdf |script-title=ja:J-spacesystemsレポート |language=ja |year=2013 |volume=1 |publisher=Japan Space Systems}}</ref>  Eventually it was launched and demonstrated successfully aboard [[RAPIS-1]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fanfun.jaxa.jp/topics/detail/14250.html |script-title=ja:小型実証衛星1号機 RAPIS-1 グリーンプロペラント推進系（GPRCS）世界初の軌道上 HAN系推進薬 実証！ |publisher=JAXA |language=ja |date=15 March 2019 |access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref>

Hyperspectral Imager Suite (HISUI) was launched aboard [[SpaceX CRS-19]] on 5 December 2019 to the [[International Space Station]] and installed at the External Facility of the Japanese Experiment Module [[Kibo (ISS module)|''Kibo'']].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}

{{Japanese space program}}
{{Public sector space agencies}}

[[Category:Space program of Japan]]
[[Category:Space agencies]]

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