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{{Short description|Noble family of medieval Europe}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox noble house
| name = House of Ivrea
| native_name = {{small|{{lang|it|Casa di Ivrea}}}} <br> {{small|{{lang|fr|Maison d'Ivrée}}}}
| native_name_lang = French
| other_name = Anscarids
| coat of arms = Arms of County of Burgundy.svg
| image_size = 160px
| caption = 
| type = [[Royal family]]
| country = [[Holy Roman Empire]]<br>[[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Kingdom of Italy]]<br>[[Francia|Frankish Empire]]<br>[[Papal States]]<br>[[County of Burgundy]]<br>[[Kingdom of Castile]], [[Kingdom of Galicia|Galicia]], [[Kingdom of León|León]] and [[Kingdom of Aragon]]
| estates = 
| titles = * [[Pope]] <small>(elective)</small>
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Castile|King of]] ([[Crown of Castile|Crown of]]) [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]]
* [[King of León]]
* [[King of Galicia]]
* [[King of Aragon|King of]] ([[Crown of Aragon|Crown of]]) [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]]
* [[Margrave of Ivrea]]
* [[Count of Burgundy]]
* [[Count of Galicia]]
* [[Count of Ponthieu]]
* [[List of counts of Mâcon|Count of Mâcon]]
* [[List of Holy Roman Empresses#House of Hohenstaufen|Holy Roman Empress]]
* [[Blanche of Castile|Queen]] [[Queen of France|of France]] ([[List of queens regnant#France|Regent]])
| founded = 9th century
| founder = [[Anscar I of Ivrea|Anscar I]]
| final ruler = Italy: [[Arduin of Ivrea|Arduin]]<br>Burgundy: [[Joan II, Countess of Burgundy|Joan II]]<br>Castile, Galicia and León: [[Peter of Castile|Peter]]<br>(Spain) Union of Castile and Aragon: [[Joanna the Mad]] (illegitimate line)<br>Orange: [[Philibert of Chalon|Philibert]]
| dissolution = {{End date|1369}}
| cadet branches = * [[House of Chalon-Arlay]]
* [[Castilian House of Ivrea]]
* [[House of Trastamara]] (illegitimate)
}}
[[File:Blason Bourgogne-comté ancien(aigle).svg|thumb|150px|Coat of arms of the count of Burgundy (up to 1231)]]

The '''Anscarids''' ({{langx|la|Anscarii}}) or the '''House of Ivrea''' were a medieval dynasty of [[Burgundians|Burgundian]] and [[Franks|Frankish]] origin which rose to prominence in [[Northern Italy]] in the tenth century, briefly holding the [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italian throne]]. The main branch ruled the [[County of Burgundy]] from the eleventh to fourteenth centuries and it was one of their members who first declared himself a [[count palatine]]. The [[cadet branch|cadet]] [[Castilian House of Burgundy|Castilian branch of Ivrea]] ruled the [[Kingdom of Galicia]] from 1111 and the [[kingdom of Castile|Kingdoms of Castile]] and [[kingdom of León|León]] from 1126 until 1369. The Spanish [[House of Trastámara]], which ruled in Castile, Aragon, Naples, and Navarre at various points between the late 14th and early 16th centuries, was an illegitimate cadet branch of that family.

==Ivrea==
The founder of the family's fortunes was a petty Burgundian count named [[Anscar I of Ivrea|Anscar]], who, with the support of the powerful [[archbishop of Rheims]], [[Fulk the Venerable]], brought [[Guy III of Spoleto]] to [[Langres]] to be crowned [[King of France]] in 887. Their plot failing, Anscar and his brother accompanied Guy back to Italy with 500 Burgundian troops to seek the throne of [[Berengar I of Italy|Berengar I]].<ref>De Manteyer, 495</ref> In gratefulness to Anscar, Guy created the [[March of Ivrea]] to bestow on his Burgundian faithful. Anscar's descendants held the march until 1030. Perhaps the most illustrious scion of the house was his grandson [[Berengar II of Italy|Berengar]], the first of three Anscarids to be crowned king of Italy.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

Berengar seized the throne in 950 after the death of [[Lothair II of Italy|Lothair II]]. He was opposed, immediately, by Lothair's widow [[Adelaide of Italy|Adelaide]], whom he imprisoned after his attempt to force her marriage to his son, [[Adalbert of Italy|Adalbert II]], failed. [[Emperor Otto I]] came down the peninsula and forced him to do homage in 952. For the next eleven years, Berengar and his co-crowned son governed Italy until Otto finally formally deposed them in 963.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

From 1002 to 1014 [[Arduin of Italy]] held the Italian throne in opposition to the German [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]].{{cn|date=October 2022}}

==Counts of Burgundy==
Adalbert was eventually forced to flee to Burgundy, where he died at [[Autun]]. His widow remarried to [[Otto-Henry, Duke of Burgundy]] and her son by Adalbert, [[Otto-William, Count of Burgundy|Otto William]], was adopted by the duke. In 982, the [[County of Burgundy]] (which will later be known as [[Franche-Comté|Free County]]) is created. Otto-Henri supported Otto-William to be the first [[count of Burgundy]]. At the death of the duke, the count inherited the [[duchy of Burgundy]]. After the [[council of Héry]] ([[1015]]), [[Robert II of France]] and his son, [[Henry I of France]], confiscated the duchy, leaving only a small portion around [[Dijon]] to Otto-William.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

The greatest of the free counts was [[Reginald III, Count of Burgundy|Renaud III]], who, from 1127, used the title ''franc-comte'' as a sign of independence of [[Kingdom of Germany|German]] or [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] authority, but was forced to submit to [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]]. His daughter and heiress, [[Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice]], married [[Frederick Barbarossa]] and united the Anscarid inheritance with that of the [[Hohenstaufen]]. Burgundy was inherited by her son [[Otto I, Count of Burgundy|Otto I]], who had an Anscarid name. Thus the county was lost for the House of Ivrea, but it came back when [[Hugh, Count of Burgundy|Hugh of Chalon]] married to [[Adelaide, Countess of Burgundy|Adelaide]] countess of Burgundy, daughter of [[Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice II of Hohenstaufen]] (Otto I's daughter). However, in 1303 died [[Otto IV, Count of Burgundy]], last male of the main line and the county inherited to the Dampierre family and finally to the Capetian-Valois dukes of Burgundy.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

[[John I of Chalon-Arlay]], a younger brother of Hugh of Chalon, became the founder of the line of Chalon-Arlay. His descendant, [[John III of Chalon-Arlay]] married [[Mary of Baux-Orange|Mary de Beaux]] princess of Orange, thus the principality was acquired by the family. The last male offspring was [[Philibert of Chalon]] who died in 1530. The possessions inherited to son of his sister [[Claudia of Chalon]], i.e. [[René of Chalon|René of Nassau]].{{cn|date=October 2022}}

==[[Castilian House of Burgundy|Castilian branch of Ivrea]]==
[[Raymond of Burgundy|Raymond]], fourth son of [[William I, Count of Burgundy|Count William I of Burgundy]], travelled to [[Castile-León]] in the late eleventh century and there married [[Urraca of León and Castile|Urraca]], the future monarch. She was succeeded by their son, [[Alfonso VII of León and Castile|Alfonso VII]]. Subsequent [[kings of Castile|monarchs of Castile]] and [[King of León|León]] were their agnatic descendants until the 16th century, although the crown had passed to an illegitimate cadet branch, the [[House of Trastámara]], in the late 14th century.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

==Family tree of House of Ivrea==
{{Tree chart/start}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | An1 | | Ful |An1=[[Anscar I of Ivrea|Anscar I]]<br>margrave of Ivrea<br>'''House of Ivrea'''|Ful=[[Fulk (archbishop of Reims)|Fulk]]<br>Archbishop of Reims}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |!}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | Ad1 |Ad1=[[Adalbert I of Ivrea|Adalbert I]]<br>margrave of Ivrea}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | Be2 | | | | | | | | | | An2 |Be2=[[Berengar II of Italy|Berengar II]]<br>margrave of Ivrea,<br>king of Lombards in Italy|An2=[[Anscar of Spoleto|Anscar II]]<br>duke of Spoleto}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |!| }}
{{Tree chart | | | Ger |y| Ad2 | | Guy | | Con | | Dad |Ger=Gerberga<br>of Chalon|Ad2=[[Adalbert of Italy|Adalbert II]]<br>co-king of Lombards in Italy|Guy=[[Guy of Ivrea|Guy]]<br>margrave of Ivrea|Con=[[Conrad of Ivrea|Conrad]]<br>margrave of Ivrea|Dad=[[Dado, Count of Pombia|Dado]]<br>count of Pombia}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | OWi | | | | | | | | | | | | Ard |OWi=[[Otto-William, Count of Burgundy|Otto William]]<br>count of Burgundy|Ard=[[Arduin of Ivrea|Arduin]]<br>margrave of Ivrea,<br>king of Lombards in Italy}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |!| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Re1 |Re1=[[Reginald I, Count of Burgundy|Reginald I]]<br>count of Burgundy}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Wi1 | | Guy |Wi1=[[William I, Count of Burgundy|William I]]<br>count of Burgundy|Guy=[[Guy of Burgundy|Guy]]<br>count of Brionne}}
{{Tree chart | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | Re2 | | | | | | St1 | | Guy | | Ray |y| Urr |Re2=[[Reginald II, Count of Burgundy|Reginald II]]<br>count of Burgundy|St1=[[Stephen I, Count of Burgundy|Stephen I]]<br>count of Burgundy|Ray=[[Raymond of Burgundy|Raymond]]<br>count of Galicia|Urr=[[Urraca of León|Urraca]]<br>queen of Castile & León<br>[[House of Jiménez]]|Guy=(Guy)<br>[[Pope Callixtus II]]}}
{{Tree chart | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Tree chart | Wi2 | | Re3 | | Wil | | | | | | | | CAS | |Wi2=[[William II, Count of Burgundy|William II]]<br>count of Burgundy|Wil=[[William III of Mâcon|William III]]<br>count of Mâcon|Re3=[[Reginald III, Count of Burgundy|Reginald III]]<br>count of Burgundy|CAS=[[Castilian House of Ivrea]]}}
{{Tree chart | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{Tree chart | Wi3 | | Be1 | | St2 |Wi3=[[William III, Count of Burgundy|William III]]<br>count of Burgundy|St2=[[Stephen II of Auxonne|Stephen II]]<br>count of Auxonne|Be1=[[Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice I]]<br>countess of Burgundy}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Ot1 | | St3 |St3=[[Stephen III of Auxonne|Stephen III]]<br>count of Auxonne|Ot1=''[[Otto I, Count of Burgundy|Otto I of Hohenstaufen]]<br>count of Burgundy''|ΑλΗ=[[Αλφόνσος Η΄ της Καστίλης|Αλφόνσος Η΄]]<br>βασ. της Καστίλης}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Be2 | | Joh |Be2=''[[Beatrice II, Countess of Burgundy|Beatrice II of Hohenstaufen]]<br>countess of Burgundy''|Joh=[[John, Count of Chalon|John]]<br>count of Chalon}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Ade |y| Hug | | Joh | | Jo1 | | HBe |Ade=''[[Adelaide, Countess of Burgundy|Adelaide of Andechs]]<br>countess of Burgundy''|Hug=[[Hugh, Count of Burgundy|Hugh]]|Joh=[[John I, Count of Auxerre|John I]]<br>count of Auxerre|Jo1=[[John I of Chalon-Arlay|John I]]<br>lord of Arlay<br>[[Chalon family|House of Arlay]]|HBe=[[Hugh of Chalon (archbishop of Besançon)|Hugh]]<br>archbishop of Besançon}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Ot4 | | Reg |Ot4=[[Otto IV, Count of Burgundy|Otto IV]]<br>count of Burgundy|Reg=[[Reginald of Burgundy|Reginald]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{Tree chart | | | | | Jo2 | | Ote |Jo2=[[Joan II, Countess of Burgundy|Joan II]]<br>countess of Burgundy|Ote=[[Othenin, Count of Montbéliard|Othenin]]<br>count of Montbéliard}}
{{Tree chart/end}}

==See also==
*[[House of Chalon-Arlay]], the second ruling house of the [[Principality of Orange]], also a cadet branch of the Anscarids. 
*[[Portuguese House of Burgundy]], a cadet branch of the [[Capetian dynasty|House of Capet]], which ruled Portugal contemporaneously with the [[Castilian House of Ivrea]].

==Sources==
{{reflist}}
*De Manteyer, Georges. ''Les origines de la maison de Savoie en Bourgogne (910-1060)''. Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire: 1899.
*[[Christopher Wickham|Wickham, Chris]]. ''Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400–1000''. MacMillan Press: 1981.

{{s-start}}
{{s-royalhouse|House of Ivrea}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=(founder)}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[File:Blason Bourgogne-comté ancien(aigle).svg|70px]]<br />counts of Burgundy|years=982–1190}}
{{s-aft|after=[[House of Hohenstaufen]]}}
|-
{{s-royalhouse|House of Ivrea}}
{{s-bef|before=House of Andechs}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[File:Blason fr Franche-Comté.svg|70px]]<br />counts of Burgundy|years=1279–1330}}
{{s-aft|after=[[House of Capet]]}}
{{end}}

{{Royal houses of Italy}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Anscarids| ]]
[[Category:History of Franche-Comté]]
[[Category:Political history of Italy]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|Italy]]
[[Category:Lists of Italian nobility]]
[[Category:Kings of Italy]]
[[Category:Monarchy in Italy]]

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