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List of skeletal muscles of the human body: Difference between revisions

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Muscles are often paired as agonistic and antagonistic muscles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agonist and antagonist muscle pairs - Muscular system - OCR - GCSE Physical Education Revision - OCR |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zct2hv4/revision/2 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=BBC Bitesize |language=en-GB}}</ref> This can be a bit misleading as, in general, it is groups of muscles working together to either make or cancel a movement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biga |first=Lindsay M. |last2=Bronson |first2=Staci |last3=Dawson |first3=Sierra |last4=Harwell |first4=Amy |last5=Hopkins |first5=Robin |last6=Kaufmann |first6=Joel |last7=LeMaster |first7=Mike |last8=Matern |first8=Philip |last9=Morrison-Graham |first9=Katie |last10=Oja |first10=Kristen |last11=Quick |first11=Devon |last12=Runyeon |first12=Jon |date=2019-09-26 |title=11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists |url=https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/11-1-describe-the-roles-of-agonists-antagonists-and-synergists/ |language=en}}</ref>
Muscles are often paired as agonistic and antagonistic muscles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agonist and antagonist muscle pairs - Muscular system - OCR - GCSE Physical Education Revision - OCR |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zct2hv4/revision/2 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=BBC Bitesize |language=en-GB}}</ref> This can be a bit misleading as, in general, it is groups of muscles working together to either make or cancel a movement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biga |first=Lindsay M. |last2=Bronson |first2=Staci |last3=Dawson |first3=Sierra |last4=Harwell |first4=Amy |last5=Hopkins |first5=Robin |last6=Kaufmann |first6=Joel |last7=LeMaster |first7=Mike |last8=Matern |first8=Philip |last9=Morrison-Graham |first9=Katie |last10=Oja |first10=Kristen |last11=Quick |first11=Devon |last12=Runyeon |first12=Jon |date=2019-09-26 |title=11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists |url=https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/11-1-describe-the-roles-of-agonists-antagonists-and-synergists/ |language=en}}</ref>


== Compleate list of all Muscles ==
== Head ==
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{{Static row numbers}}
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</div></div>
</div></div>


=== All the non head muscles ===
== Neck ==
=== List of muscles in the Neck ===


{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" width="100%"
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" width="100%"
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| [[spinous process]] of [[Axis (anatomy)|axis]] || [[lateral mass of atlas]] || ??|| [[suboccipital nerve]] || rotates [[neck]]||??
| [[spinous process]] of [[Axis (anatomy)|axis]] || [[lateral mass of atlas]] || ??|| [[suboccipital nerve]] || rotates [[neck]]||??
|???
|???
|}

== Torso ==
=== Abdomen ===
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style="width:100%;"
! style="width:12%;"| Muscle
!Location!! style="width:16%;" |Origin !! style="width:16%;"| Insertion !! style="width:12%;"| Artery !! style="width:12%;"| Nerve !! style="width:20%;"| Action !! style="width:12%;"|Antagonist
!Occ#
|-valign="top"
|-valign="top"
| [[Rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]]
| [[Rectus abdominis muscle|rectus abdominis]]
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| junction of [[Inferior pubic ramus|inferior rami]] of [[pubis (bone)|pubis]] and [[ischium]] about 1.25 – 2&nbsp;cm, and from neighboring fascia || || [[Pudendal nerve|perineal branch]] of [[pudendal nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]], [[sacral spinal nerve 3|S3]], [[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]]) || constricts [[urethra]], maintains [[Urinary incontinence|urinary continence]] ||
| junction of [[Inferior pubic ramus|inferior rami]] of [[pubis (bone)|pubis]] and [[ischium]] about 1.25 – 2&nbsp;cm, and from neighboring fascia || || [[Pudendal nerve|perineal branch]] of [[pudendal nerve]] ([[sacral spinal nerve 2|S2]], [[sacral spinal nerve 3|S3]], [[sacral spinal nerve 4|S4]]) || constricts [[urethra]], maintains [[Urinary incontinence|urinary continence]] ||
|2
|2
|}

== Upper limb ==
=== Vertebral column ===

{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" width="100%"
! width="12%" | Muscle
!Location!! width="16%" |Origin !! width="16%" | Insertion !! width="12%" | Artery !! width="12%" | Nerve !! width="20%" | Action !! width="12%" |Antagonist
!Occ#
|-valign="top"
|-valign="top"
| [[Trapezius muscle|trapezius]]
| [[Trapezius muscle|trapezius]]
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|Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate|| [[Palmar metacarpal arteries|palmar metacarpal artery]] || [[adduction|adduct]] [[finger]]s ||[[Dorsal interossei of the hand|dorsal interossei]]
|Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate|| [[Palmar metacarpal arteries|palmar metacarpal artery]] || [[adduction|adduct]] [[finger]]s ||[[Dorsal interossei of the hand|dorsal interossei]]
|2
|2
|}

== Lower limb ==
=== Iliac region ===

{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" width="100%"
! width="12%" | Muscle
!Location!! width="16%" |Origin !! width="16%" | Insertion !! width="12%" | Artery !! width="12%" | Nerve !! width="20%" | Action !! width="12%" |Antagonist
!#Occ.
|-valign="top"
|-valign="top"
| [[iliopsoas]]
| [[iliopsoas]]

Revision as of 18:08, 5 July 2023

This is a table of skeletal muscles of the human anatomy.

There are around 650 skeletal muscles within the typical human body.[1][2][3] (Although none of the sources listed here enumerate them all, the consensus converges towards this number) Almost every muscle constitutes one part of a pair of identical bilateral muscles, found on both sides, resulting in approximately 320 pairs of muscles. Only about ~240 pairs are included in this list so far(that is not accounting for duplicates). Nevertheless, the exact number is difficult to define. Different sources group muscles differently, regarding what is defined as different parts of a single muscle or as several muscles. There are also vestigial muscles that are present in some people but absent in others, such as palmaris longus muscle.[4][5]

The muscles of the human body can be categorized into a number of groups which include muscles relating to the head and neck, muscles of the torso or trunk, muscles of the upper limbs, and muscles of the lower limbs.

The action refers to the action of each muscle from the standard anatomical position. In other positions, other actions may be performed.

These muscles are described using anatomical terminology. The term "muscle" is omitted from muscle names (except when a muscle is an origin or insertion), and the term "bone" is omitted from bone names. The terms "artery" and "nerve" are both used when these structures are mentioned.

Skeletal muscle maps
  • Anterior view
    Anterior view
  • Posterior view
    Posterior view
  • A more detailed overview
    A more detailed overview

Agonistic and Antagonistic Relationships

Muscles are often paired as agonistic and antagonistic muscles.[6] This can be a bit misleading as, in general, it is groups of muscles working together to either make or cancel a movement.[7]

Compleate list of all Muscles

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Muscle Location Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist # Occ.
occipitalis head, occipitofrontalis, back of skull (left/right) superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid part of temporal bone epicranial aponeurosis occipital artery facial nerve [CNVII], posterior auricular nerve retracts scalp ? 2
frontalis head, occipitofrontalis, forehead (left/right) skin of eyebrow and glabella epicranial aponeurosis ophthalmic artery facial nerve [CNVII], temporal branch wrinkles eyebrow procerus muscle, the corrugator supercilii muscle, and the orbicularis oculi muscle[8] 2
orbicularis oculi, orbital part head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) frontal bone lateral palpebral raphe ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch closes eyelids (voluntary, winking/squeezing) levator palpebrae superioris 2
orbicularis oculi, palpebral part head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) medial palpebral ligament lateral palpebral raphe ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch closes eyelids (involuntary, blinking/sleeping) levator palpebrae superioris 2
orbicularis oculi, lacrimal part head, forehead/eyelid (left/right) posterior crest of lacrimal bone Edges of eyelids ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, angular artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch facilitates tear ducts ? 2
corrugator supercilii head, eye (left/right) nasal part of frontal bone intermediate third of skin of eyebrow ophthalmic artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch moves skin of forehead medially and inferiorly (towards root of nose) ? 2
depressor supercilii head, eye (left/right) nasal part of frontal bone, medial rim of orbit medial third of skin of eyebrow ophthalmic artery facial nerve [CNVII], zygomatic branch moves skin of eyebrows inferiorly ? 2
levator palpebrae superioris head, extraocular (left/right) sphenoid bone tarsal plate, upper eyelid ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII] retracts and elevates eyelid orbicularis oculi 2
superior tarsal head, extraocular (left/right) underside of levator palpebrae superioris superior tarsal plate of eyelid ophthalmic artery sympathetic nervous system raises upper eyelid ? 2
superior rectus head, eye, orbit (left/right) annulus of Zinn at orbital apex 7.5 mm superior to corneal limbus ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII], superior branch adducts, elevates, and medially rotates eye Oblique Superior and inferior 2
inferior rectus head, eye, orbit (left/right) annulus of Zinn at orbital apex 6.5 mm inferior to corneal limbus ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII], inferior branch adducts and depresses eye Oblique Superior and inferior 2
medial rectus head, eye, orbit (left/right) annulus of Zinn at orbital apex 5.5 mm medial to corneal limbus ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII], inferior branch adducts eye Oblique Superior and inferior 2
lateral rectus head, eye, orbit (left/right) annulus of Zinn at orbital apex 7 mm temporal to corneal limbus ophthalmic artery abducens nerve [CNVI] abducts eye Oblique Superior and inferior 2
superior oblique head, extraocular (left/right) annulus of Zinn at orbital apex, medial to optic canal outer posterior quadrant of eyeball ophthalmic artery, lateral muscular branch trochlear nerve [CNIV] abducts, intorts, and depress eye right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists) 2
inferior oblique head, extraocular (left/right) orbital surface of maxilla, lateral to lacrimal groove laterally onto eyeball, deep to lateral rectus, by a short flat tendon ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve [CNIII] abducts, extorts, and elevates eye right medial, superior, and inferior recti (superior and inferior oblique muscles are the synergists) 2
temporoparietalis head, ear, outer ear (left/right) auriculares muscles epicranial aponeurosis facial nerve [CNVII] fixes galeal aponeurosis 2
auricularis anterior head, ear temporal fascia front of helix of ear posterior auricular artery facial nerve [CNVII] pulls auricle forwards 2
auricularis superior head, ear (left/right) epicranial aponeurosis dorsocranial surface of auricle posterior auricular artery facial nerve [CNVII] pulls auricle upwards 2
auricularis posterior head, ear (left/right) mastoid process of temporal bone, tendon of sternocleidomastoid dorsal part of auricle posterior auricular artery facial nerve [CNVII] pulls auricle backwards 2
stapedius head, ear, inner ear (left/right) tip of pyramid of middle ear neck of stapes stapedial branch of posterior auricular artery nerve to the stapedius from facial nerve [CNVII] reduces movement of stapes, controls amplitude of sound waves to inner ear 2
tensor tympani head, ear, inner ear (left/right) Eustachian tube handle of malleus superior tympanic artery medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3] tenses tympanic membrane, controls amplitude of sound waves to inner ear 2
procerus muscle head, nose (left/right) fascia over lower part of nasal bone skin of lower part of forehead between eyebrows facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch draws down medial angle of eyebrow (giving expressions of frowning) 2
depressor septi nasi head, nose (left/right) incisive fossa of maxilla nasal septum and back part of alar part of nasalis superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch depresses nasal septum 2
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi head, nose (left/right) frontal process of maxilla nostril and upper lip superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch dilates nostril, elevates upper lip, elevates wing of nose 2
compressor naris head, nose, nasalis, transverse part (left/right) alveolar yoke of canine tooth lateral nasal cartilage superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch compresses nostrils 2
dilator naris head, nose, nasalis, alar part (left/right) alveolar yoke of lateral incisor tooth, greater and lesser alar cartilages skin near margin of nostril superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch dilates nostrils 2
levator anguli oris head, mouth (left/right) maxilla modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve [CNVII] elevates angle of mouth (smile) depressor anguli oris 2
depressor anguli oris head, mouth (left/right) tubercle of mandible modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], mandibular branch depresses angle of mouth (frown) levator anguli oris 2
levator labii superioris head, mouth (left/right) medial part of infra-orbital margin of maxilla skin and muscle of upper lip (labii superioris) superior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch elevates upper lip 2
depressor labii inferioris head, mouth (left/right) oblique line of mandible, between symphysis and mental foramen integument of lower lip, orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of opposite side inferior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], marginal mandibular branch depresses lower lip 2
mentalis head, mouth (left/right) alveolar yoke of lower, lateral incisor tooth, found on anterior mandible skin of chin inferior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], marginal mandibular branch elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip 2
buccinator head, mouth (left/right) alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe fibres of orbicularis oris buccal artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch compress cheeks against teeth (blowing), mastication 2
orbicularis oris head, mouth (left/right) maxilla and mandible skin around lips superior labial artery, inferior labial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch puckers lips 2
risorius head, mouth (left/right) parotid fascia modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch draw back angle of mouth 2
Zygomaticus major head, mouth (left/right) zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture modiolus of mouth facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch draws angle of mouth upward and laterally 2
Zygomaticus minor head, mouth (left/right) zygomatic bone in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture skin of upper lip facial artery facial nerve [CNVII], buccal branch elevates upper lip 2
masseter head, coronal plane (left/right) anterior two-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible masseteric artery masseteric nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3] elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth) platysma 2
temporalis head, coronal plane (left/right) temporal lines on parietal bone of skull coronoid process of mandible deep temporal arteries deep temporal nerves from mandibular nerve [CNV3] elevates and retracts mandible (closes mouth) platysma 2
lateral pterygoid head, coronal plane (left/right) greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid process condyloid process of mandible maxillary artery, pterygoid branches external pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNV3] depresses mandible (opens mouth) masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid 2
medial pterygoid, deep head head, coronal plane (left/right) medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth medial angle of mandible maxillary artery, pterygoid branches mandibular nerve [CNV3], medial pterygoid nerve elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side 2
medial pterygoid, superficial head head, coronal plane (left/right) pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity medial angle of mandible maxillary artery, pterygoid branches mandibular nerve [CNV3], medial pterygoid nerve elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side 2
genioglossus, inferior fibers head, tongue (left/right) superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid lingual artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] protrudes tongue 2
genioglossus, middle fibers head, tongue (left/right) superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid lingual artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] depresses tongue 2
genioglossus, superior fibers head, tongue (left/right) superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) dorsum of tongue, body of hyoid lingual artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] draws tip of tongue back and down 2
hyoglossus head, tongue (left/right) hyoid side of tongue hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] depresses tongue 2
chondroglossus head, tongue (left/right) lesser cornu and body of hyoid bone intrinsic muscular fibers of tongue hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus) 2
styloglossus head, tongue (left/right) styloid process of temporal bone tongue lingual artery, sublingual branch hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] elevates and retracts tongue inferior and middle fibers of genioglossus 2
palatoglossus head, tongue and soft palate (left/right) palatine aponeurosis tongue vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus and accessory nerve [CNXI] raises back part of tongue, aiding in breathing 2
superior longitudinal head, tongue (left/right) close to epiglottis, from median fibrous septum edges of tongue lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] shortens tongue, turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward 2
transversus head, tongue (left/right) median fibrous septum sides of tongue lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] narrows tongue with no elongation 2
inferior longitudinal head, tongue (left/right) root of tongue apex of tongue lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] shortens tongue, retracts, pulls tip downward 2
verticalis head, tongue (left/right) dorsum of tongue inferior surface borders of tongue lingual artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery hypoglossal nerve [CNXII] 2
tensor veli palatini head, soft palate (left/right) medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone palatine aponeurosis mandibular nerve [CNV3], medial pterygoid nerve tenses soft palate, aids in swallowing ? 2
levator veli palatini head, soft palate (left/right) temporal bone, Eustachian tube palatine aponeurosis facial artery vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus elevates soft palate ? 2
palatopharyngeus head, soft palate (left/right) palatine aponeurosis and hard palate upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers) facial artery vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal branch aids in breathing by pulling pharynx and larynx 2
palatine uvula head, soft palate (left/right) hard palate soft tissue of uvula vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal branch moves and changes shape of uvula 2
stylopharyngeus head, pharynx (left/right) styloid process of temporal bone thyroid cartilage (pharynx) ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches glossopharyngeal nerve [CNIX] elevates larynx, elevates pharynx, swallowing 2
salpingopharyngeus head, pharynx (left/right) cartilage of Eustachian tube posterior fasciculus of pharyngopalatinus vagus nerve [CNX], accessory nerve [CNXI] raises nasopharynx 2
inferior pharyngeal head, pharynx (left/right) cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage pharyngeal raphe ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve swallowing 2
middle pharyngeal head, pharynx (left/right) hyoid bone pharyngeal raphe ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branches vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus swallowing 2
superior pharyngeal head, pharynx (left/right) medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle ascending pharyngeal artery, tonsilar branch of facial artery vagus nerve [CNX], pharyngeal plexus swallowing 2
cricothyroid head, larynx (left/right) anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery vagus nerve [CNX], superior laryngeal nerve, external laryngeal branch tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect) 2
arytenoid(transverse and oblique) head, larynx (left/right) arytenoid cartilage on one side arytenoid cartilage on opposite side superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis) 2
thyroarytenoid head, larynx (left/right) inner (anterior) surface of thyroid cartilage anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech 2
posterior cricoarytenoid head, larynx (left/right) posterior part of cricoid cartilage muscular process of arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve abducts and laterally rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments away from midline and forward and so opening rima glottidis lateral cricoarytenoid 2
lateral cricoarytenoid head, larynx (left/right) lateral part of arch of cricoid cartilage muscular process of arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve [CNX], recurrent laryngeal nerve adducts and medially rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments towards midline and backwards and so closing rima glottidis posterior cricoarytenoid 2

All the non head muscles

Muscle Location Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist Number of occurrences in a standard human body
platysma Neck, Clavicular, Right, left base of mandible inferior clavicle and fascia of chest branches of submental artery, branches of suprascapular artery cervical branch of facial nerve [CNVII] tenses skin of neck masseter, temporalis 2
sternocleidomastoid Neck, Clavicular, Right, left sternal head: manubrium sterni

clavicular head: medial portion of clavicle

mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line occipital artery, superior thyroid artery motor: accessory nerve
sensory: cervical plexus		 acting alone: tilts head to its own side, rotates head so face is turned towards opposite side

acting together: flexes neck, raises sternum, assists in forced inspiration

?? 2
digastric, anterior belly Neck,Suprahyoid,

Right/left

digastric fossa (mandible) intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone) submental branch of facial artery mandibular nerve [CNV3] via mylohyoid nerve opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed ?? ???
digastric, posterior belly Neck,Suprahyoid,

Right/left

mastoid process of temporal bone intermediate tendon (lesser horn of hyoid bone) occipital artery facial nerve [CNVII] opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed ?? ???
stylohyoid Neck,Suprahyoid,

Right/left

styloid process of temporal bone greater horn of hyoid bone occipital artery facial nerve [CNVII] elevates hyoid during swallowing ?? ???
mylohyoid Neck,Suprahyoid, Right/left mylohyoid line of mandible pharyngeal raphe mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [CNV3] raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, depresses mandible ?? ???
geniohyoid Neck,Suprahyoid,

Right/left

mandibular symphysis anterior surface of body of hyoid bone C1 via hypoglossal nerve elevates hyoid and tongue upward during swallowing ?? ???
sternohyoid Neck,Infrahyoid,

Right/left

sternum, manubrium hyoid bone superior thyroid artery ansa cervicalis depresses hyoid ?? ???
sternothyroid Neck,Infrahyoid,

Right/left

sternum, manubrium thyroid cartilage superior thyroid artery ansa cervicalis depresses larynx, may slightly depress hyoid ?? ???
thyrohyoid Neck,Infrahyoid,

Right/left

thyroid cartilage hyoid bone superior thyroid artery C1 depress hyoid ?? ???
omohyoid Neck,Infrahyoid,

Right/left

upper border of scapula hyoid bone inferior thyroid artery ansa cervicalis depresses larynx, depresses and moves to side hyoid ?? ???
longus colli Neck, Anterior transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4, C5, and C6 anterior arch of atlas ascending pharyngeal artery, vertebral artery C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 flexes neck and head ?? ???
longus capitis Neck, Anterior anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4, C5, and C6 basilar part of occipital bone ?? C1, C2, C3/C4 flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint ?? ???
rectus capitis anterior Neck, Anterior atlas occipital bone ?? C1 flexes neck at atlanto-occipital joint ?? ???
rectus capitis lateralis Neck, Anterior upper surface of transverse process of atlas under surface of jugular process of occipital bone ?? C1 sidebens at atlanto-occipital joint ?? ???
scalenus anterior Neck, Lateral,

Right/left

cervical vertebrae C3-C6 first rib inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery ventral ramus of C5, C6 when neck is fixed, elevates first rib to aid in breathing; when rib is fixed, bends neck forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side ?? ???
scalenus medius Neck, Lateral,

Right/left

cervical vertebrae C2-C6 first rib inferior thyroid artery, ascending cervical artery ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves elevates first rib, rotates neck to opposite side ?? ???
scalenus posterior Neck, Lateral,

Right/left

cervical vertebrae C4 – C6, transverse processes second rib ascending cervical artery and superficial cervical artery C6, C7, C8 elevates second rib, tilts neck to same side ?? ???
levator scapulae Neck, Lateral,

Right/left

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 – C4 superior part of medial border of scapula dorsal scapular artery cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula serratus anterior ???
rectus capitis lateralis Neck, Lateral,

Right/left

upper surface of transverse process of atlas (C1) under surface of jugular process of occipital bone ?? C1 laterally flexes neck, stabilises atlanto-occipital joint ?? ???
obliquus capitis superior Neck, Lateral,

Right/left

lateral mass of atlas lateral half of inferior nuchal line ?? suboccipital nerve flexes head to same side ?? ???
obliquus capitis inferior Neck, Lateral,

Right/left

spinous process of axis lateral mass of atlas ?? suboccipital nerve rotates neck ?? ???
rectus capitis posterior minor Neck,

Posterior

tubercle on posterior arch of atlas (C1) medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone and surface between it and foramen magnum ?? a branch of dorsal primary division of suboccipital nerve sensory organ for neck position, also extends head at neck ?? ???
rectus capitis posterior major Neck,

Posterior

spinous process of axis (C2) inferior nucheal line of occipital bone occipital artery dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) rotates and extends head to same side ?? ???
semispinalis capitis Neck,

Posterior

articular processes of C4-C6; transverse processes of C7 and T1-T7 occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines ?? greater occipital nerve extends head ?? ???
longissimus capitis Neck,

Posterior

articular processes of C4-C7; transverse processes of T1-T5 posterior margin of mastoid process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve laterally: flexes head and neck to same side

bilaterally: extends vertebral column

?? ???
splenius capitis Neck,

Posterior

nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T6 mastoid process ?? C3, C4 extends, rotates, and laterally flex head ?? ???
obliquus capitis superior Neck,

Posterior

lateral mass of atlas lateral half of inferior nuchal line ?? suboccipital nerve flexes head to same side ?? ???
obliquus capitis inferior Neck,

Posterior

spinous process of axis lateral mass of atlas ?? suboccipital nerve rotates neck ?? ???
rectus abdominis Torso, Abdomen, right/left pubic symphysis, pubic crest xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 inferior epigastric artery, superior epigastric artery; contributions from posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, and deep circumflex arteries intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve flexes trunk, compresses abdominal organs, aids in expiration erector spinae 2
external oblique Torso, Abdomen, right/left external surfaces of ribs 5-12 linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, deep circumflex iliac artery motor: intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve sensory: iliohypogastric nerve bilateral: flexes trunk, expiration, compresses abdominal organs

unilateral: flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side

2
internal oblique Torso, Abdomen, right/left anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch, thoracolumbar fascia inferior borders of ribs 10–12, pubic crest lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve bilateral: flexes trunk, expiration, compresses abdominal organs

unilateral: flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side

2
transversus abdominis Torso, Abdomen, right/left internal surface of costal cartilage of ribs 7–12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle, pubic crest lower posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal artery, superior epigastric artery, inferior epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, posterior lumbar arteries intercostal nerves T7-T11, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve bilateral: compresses abdominal organs, expiration

unilateral: rotates trunk to same side

2
pyramidalis Torso, Abdomen, right/left pubic symphysis, pubic crest linea alba inferior epigastric artery subcostal nerve tenses linea alba 2
quadratus lumborum Torso, Abdomen, right/left iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of L1-L4 lumbar, median sacral, iliolumbar, subcostal arteries subcostal nerve, anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4 bilateral: fixes rib 12 during inspiration, extends trunk

unilateral: flexes trunk to same side

2
iliocostalis Torso, Back, right/left sacrum, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes ribs lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2
longissimus Torso, Back, right/left transverse process transverse process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2
spinalis Torso, Back, right/left spinous process spinous process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/flexes vertebral column rectus abdominis 2
latissimus dorsi Torso, Back, right/left spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs floor of intertubercular groove of humerus subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery thoracodorsal nerve pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally deltoid, trapezius 2
semispinalis thoracis
(dorsi) 		Torso, Back, right/left transverse processes of sixth to tenth thoracic vertebrae spinous processes of upper four thoracic vertebrae and lower two cervical vertebrae posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/rotates vertebral column 2
semispinalis cervicis
(colli) 		Torso, Back, right/left transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae spinous processes, cervical, from axis to fifth posterior branch of spinal nerve extends/rotates vertebral column 2
semispinalis capitis
(complexus) 		Torso, Back, right/left transverse process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna spinous process, area between superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line greater occipital nerve extends head 2
multifidus Torso, Back, right/left sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest spinous process posterior branch of spinal nerve stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column 2
rotatores Torso, Back, right/left transverse process spinous process posterior branch 2
interspinales Torso, Back, right/left spinous process posterior rami of spinal nerves extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column 2
intertransversarii Torso, Back, right/left transverse process transverse process above laterally flexes trunk 2
splenius capitis Torso, Back, right/left nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T6 mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone C3, C4 extends, rotates, and laterally flexes head 2
splenius cervicis Torso, Back, right/left spinous processes of T3-T6 transverse processes of C1, C2, C3 C5, C6 2
external intercostal 1-11 Torso, Chest (left/right) inferior border of rib (above) superior border of rib (below) intercostal arteries intercostal nerves inhalation internal 22
internal intercostal 1-11 Torso, Chest (left/right) inferior border of rib (above) superior border of rib (below) intercostal arteries intercostal nerves holds ribs steady external 22
innermost intercostal 1-11 Torso, Chest inferior border of rib (above) superior border of rib (below) intercostal arteries intercostal nerves elevates ribs, expiration 22
subcostales Torso, Chest inner surface of one rib inner surface of second or third rib above, near its angle intercostal arteries intercostal nerves 2
transversus thoracis Torso, Chest costal cartilages of last 3–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process ribs/costal cartilages 2–6 intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depresses ribs 2
levatores costarum Torso, Chest transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae dorsal rami – C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11 assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage 2
serratus posterior inferior Torso, Chest vertebrae T11 – L3 inferior borders of 9th through 12th ribs intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depresses lower ribs, aiding in expiration 2
serratus posterior superior Torso, Chest nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of vertebrae C7 through T3 upper borders of 2nd through 5th ribs 2nd through 5th intercostal nerves elevates ribs, aiding in inspiration 2
diaphragm Torso, Chest septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal folds, inner abdominal wall pericardiacophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, inferior phrenic arteries phrenic and lower intercostal nerves breathing 2
coccygeus Torso, Pelvis sacrospinous ligament coccyx sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4 closes back part of pelvic outlet 2
iliococcygeus Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani ischial spine, posterior part of tendinous arch of pelvic fascia coccyx and anococcygeal raphe inferior gluteal artery levator ani nerve (S4) supports organs in pelvic cavity 2
pubococcygeus Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani back surface of pubis, anterior part of obturator fascia coccyx and sacrum controls urine flow, contracts during orgasm 2
puborectalis Torso, Pelvis, Levator ani lower part of pubic symphysis - S3, S4. levator ani nerve inhibits defecation 2
sphincter ani externus Torso,

Perineum

- - inferior rectal artery S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve keeps anal canal and anus closed, aids in expulsion of feces - 2
sphincter ani internus Torso,

Perineum

- - pudendal nerve - 2
transversus superficialis perinei Torso,

Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch

anterior surface of ischial tuberosity central point of perineum perineal artery pudendal nerve constricts urethra (maintains urinary continence), constricts vagina (women) 2
bulbospongiosus Torso,

Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch

perineal raphe - empties urethra (men)

clenches vagina (women)

2
ischiocavernosus Torso,

Perineum, Superficial perineal pouch

ischial tuberosity crus of penis (men)

crus of clitoris (women)

assists bulbospongiosus 2
transversus perinei profundus Torso,

Perineum, Deep perineal pouch

inferior ramus of ischium its fellow of opposite side pudendal nerve constricts urethra (maintains urinary continence), constricts vagina (women) 2
sphincter urethrae externus Torso,

Perineum, Deep perineal pouch

junction of inferior rami of pubis and ischium about 1.25 – 2 cm, and from neighboring fascia perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) constricts urethra, maintains urinary continence 2
trapezius Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula transverse cervical artery motor: accessory nerve [CNXI]

sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4

retracts and elevates scapula serratus anterior ??
latissimus dorsi Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs floor of intertubercular groove of humerus subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery thoracodorsal nerve pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally deltoid, trapezius ??
rhomboids Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? nuchal ligaments, spinous processes of C7-T5 vertebrae medial border of scapula dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) retracts scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall serratus anterior ??
     rhomboid major Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? spinous processes of T2 to T5 vertebrae medial border of scapula, inferior to insertion of rhomboid minor ??
     rhomboid minor Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae medial border of scapula, superior to insertion of rhomboid major ??
levator scapulae Upper limb, Vertebral column, Right?/Left? posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 – C4 vertebrae superior part of medial border of scapula cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula ??
pectoralis major Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages intertubercular groove of humerus pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery lateral pectoral nerve, medial pectoral nerve clavicular head: C5 and C6 sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1 adducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly clavicular head: flexes humerus sternocostal head: extends humerus ??
pectoralis minor Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? 3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall ??
subclavius Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? first rib subclavian groove of clavicle thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch subclavian nerve depresses clavicle ??
serratus anterior Upper limb,Thoracic walls, Right?/Left? fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs costal surface of medial margin of scapula upper part: lateral thoracic artery

lower part:thoracodorsal artery

long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, C6, C7) protracts and stabilises scapula, assists in upward rotation rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, trapezius ??
deltoid Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula deltoid tuberosity of humerus primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery axillary nerve abducts, flexes, and extends shoulder latissimus dorsi 2
teres major Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6) internally rotates humerus 2
Rotator cuff- supraspinatus Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left supraspinous fossa of scapula superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus suprascapular artery suprascapular nerve abducts and stabilises humerus infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi 2
Rotator cuff-infraspinatus Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left infraspinous fossa of scapula middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus suprascapular artery, circumflex scapular artery laterally rotates, adducts, and stabilises humerus subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi 2
Rotator cuff-teres minor Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left lateral border of scapula inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus posterior circumflex humeral artery, circumflex scapular artery axillary nerve laterally rotates and adducts humerus subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi 2
Rotator cuff-subscapularis Upper limb, Shoulder, Right/left subscapular fossa of scapula lesser tubercle of humerus subscapular artery upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6) medially rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder infraspinatus, teres minor 2
coracobrachialis Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left coracoid process of scapula medial surface of humerus brachial artery musculocutaneous nerve flexes and adducts shoulder 2
biceps brachii Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left short head: coracoid process of scapula
long head: supraglenoid tubercle		 radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord: C5, C6, C7) flexes elbow, supinates forearm triceps brachii 2
brachialis Upper Limb, Arm, Anterior compartment, right/left anterior surface of humerus (mainly distal half) coronoid process of ulna, tuberosity of ulna radial recurrent artery musculocutaneous nerve flexes elbow 2
triceps brachii Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior humerus (above radial sulcus)
medial head: posterior humerus - (below radial sulcus)		 olecranon of ulna deep artery of arm radial nerve extends forearm

long head: adducts shoulder medial head: does not function at shoulder

biceps brachii, brachialis 2
anconeus Upper Limb, Arm, Posterior compartment, right/left lateral epicondyle of humerus lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of posterior ulna deep artery of arm, interosseous recurrent artery radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1) partly blended with triceps, extends forearm, stabilises elbow, abducts ulna during pronation 2
pronator teres Upper limb, Forearm, Anteriror compartment, Superficial, Right/left humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna		 pronator tuberosity of radius ulnar artery, radial artery median nerve pronates forearm, flexes elbow supinator 2
flexor carpi radialis Upper limb, Forearm, Anteriror compartment, Superficial, Right/left medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) bases of second metacarpal, base of third metacarpal radial artery flexes and abducts wrist extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus 2
palmaris longus Upper limb, Forearm, Anteriror compartment, Superficial, Right/left palmar aponeurosis ulnar artery flexes wrist extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris 2
flexor carpi ulnaris Upper limb, Forearm, Anteriror compartment, Superficial, Right/left pisiform, hook of hamate, base of fifth metacarpal muscular branches of ulnar nerve flexes and adducts wrist extensor carpi ulnaris 2
flexor digitorum superficialis Upper limb, Forearm, Anteriror compartment, Superficial, Right/left medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), parts of radius and ulna bases of middle phalanges 2, 3, 4, and 5 median nerve flexes fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints) extensor digitorum 2
pronator quadratus Upper limb, Forearm, Anteriror compartment, Deep, Right/left medial anterior surface of ulna lateral anterior surface of radius anterior interosseous artery anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) weakly pronates forearm supinator 2
flexor digitorum profundus Upper limb, Forearm, Anteriror compartment, Deep, Right/left ulna distal phalanges lateral belly: anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve)

medial belly: muscular branches of ulnar nerve

flexes wrist, flexes interphalangeal joints extensor digitorum 2
flexor pollicis longus Upper limb, Forearm, Anteriror compartment, Deep, Right/left middle half of volar surface of radius, interosseus membrane base of distal phalanx of thumb anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) (C8, T1) flexes thumb extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis 2
extensor digitorum Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) 2nd–5th phalanges posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) extends hand, extends fingers flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus 2
extensor digiti minimi Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) extensor expansion, located at base of proximal phalanx on dorsal side extends little finger at all joints flexor digiti minimi brevis 2
extensor carpi ulnaris Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon), ulna 5th metacarpal ulnar artery extends and adducts wrist flexor carpi ulnaris 2
     Mobile wad-brachioradialis Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus radial styloid process (distal radius) radial recurrent artery radial nerve flexes forearm, pronates forearm when supine, supinates forearm when prone 2
Mobile wad-     extensor carpi radialis longus Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left 2nd metacarpal radial artery extends wrist joint, abducts hand at wrist flexor carpi radialis 2
Mobile wad-     extensor carpi radialis brevis Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Superficial, Right/left anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon) base of 3rd metacarpal posterior interosseus nerve 2
supinator Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament lateral proximal shaft of radius radial recurrent artery posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8) supinates forearm pronator teres, pronator quadratus 2
extensor indicis Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left ulna index finger (extensor hood) extends index finger, wrist 2
Anatomical snuff box-abductor pollicis longus Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left ulna first metacarpal posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) abducts and extends thumb adductor pollicis 2
Anatomical snuff box-extensor pollicis brevis Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left radius, interosseous membrane of forearm proximal phalanx of thumb extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis 2
Anatomical snuff box-     extensor pollicis longus Upper limb, Forearm, Posterior compartment, Deep, Right/left ulna, interosseous membrane of forearm distal phalanx of thumb extends thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal) 2
opponens pollicis Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar trapezium, transverse carpal ligament metacarpal bone of thumb on its radial side superficial palmar arch median nerve opposes thumb 2
flexor pollicis brevis Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar trapezoid, flexor retinaculum thumb, proximal phalanx median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) flexes thumb extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis 2
abductor pollicis brevis Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar flexor retinaculum of hand, scaphoid and trapezium radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and thumb extensors median nerve abducts thumb adductor pollicis 2
adductor pollicis Upper limb, Hand, Lateral volar, Thenar transverse head: anterior body of third metacarpal
oblique head: bases of second and third metacarpals and adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones		 medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb and ulnar sesamoid deep palmar arch deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1) adducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis 2
palmaris brevis Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis palm palmar metacarpal artery superficial branch of ulnar nerve wrinkle skin of palm 2
     hypothenar- abductor digiti minimi Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar pisiform base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit on ulnar or medial side ulnar artery deep branch of ulnar nerve abducts little finger 2
hypothenar-     flexor digiti minimi brevis Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar hamate bone little finger deep branch of ulnar nerve flexes little finger extensor digiti minimi 2
hypothenar-     opponens digiti minimi Upper limb, Hand, Medial volar hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum medial border of 5th metacarpal deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb 2
lumbrical Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate flexor digitorum profundus extensor expansion superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints 2
dorsal interossei Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate metacarpals proximal phalanges dorsal metacarpal artery, palmar metacarpal artery deep branch of ulnar nerve abduct fingers palmar interossei 2
palmar interossei Upper limb, Hand, Intermediate palmar metacarpal artery adduct fingers dorsal interossei 2
iliopsoas Lower Limb, Iliac region iliac fossa (iliacus), sacrum (iliacus), spine (T12, L1, lumbar vertebra, psoas major, psoas minor)[9] lesser trochanter of femur (psoas major), shaft below lesser trochanter (iliacus), tendon of psoas major & femur (iliacus)[9] medial femoral circumflex artery, iliolumbar artery femoral nerve, lumbar nerves L1, L2 flexes hip (psoas major/minor, iliacus), spine rotation (psoas major/minor) gluteus maximus, posterior compartment of thigh 2
     psoas major Lower Limb, Iliac region transverse processes, bodies and intervertebral discs of T12-L5 vertebrae lesser trochanter of femur iliolumbar artery lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1, L2, L3[10] flexes and rotates laterally thigh gluteus maximus 2
     psoas minor Lower Limb, Iliac region side of T11+L1 and IV intervertebral disc Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence iliolumbar artery, lumbar arteries L1 weakly flexes trunk flexor 2
     iliacus Lower Limb, Iliac region iliac fossa lesser trochanter of femur medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery femoral nerve (L2, L3[10]) flexes hip[11] 2
tensor fasciae latae Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right iliac crest iliotibial tract primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, superior gluteal artery superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5) flexes thigh, medially rotates thigh, stabilises torso 2
gluteal-     gluteus maximus Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2 nerve roots) externally rotates and extends hip joint, supports extended knee through iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor 2
gluteal-     gluteus medius Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus greater trochanter of femur superior gluteal artery superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots) abduction of hip; preventing adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh lateral rotator group 2
gluteal-     gluteus minimus Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius 2
gluteal-lateral rotator group Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right at or below acetabulum of ilium on or near greater trochanter of femur inferior gluteal artery, lateral sacral artery, superior gluteal artery obturator nerve, piriformis nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris laterally rotates hip gluteus minimus, gluteus medius 2
gluteal-     piriformis Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right sacrum greater trochanter piriformis nerve (S1 and S2 nerve roots)[12] laterally rotates (outward) thigh 2
gluteal-     obturator externus Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right obturator foramen and obturatory membrane medial surface of greater trochanter of femur obturator artery posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4) adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh 2
gluteal-superior gemellus Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right ischial spine nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2) 2
gluteal-     obturator internus Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right ischiopubic ramus, obturator membrane medial surface of greater trochanter of femur abducts & rotates laterally thigh, stabilises hip during walking 2
gluteal-     inferior gemellus Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right ischial tuberosity obturator internus tendon nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1) laterally rotates thigh 2
gluteal-     quadratus femoris Lower limb, Gluteal, Left/right intertrochanteric crest inferior gluteal artery 2
articularis genus Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment femur suprapatellar bursa femoral artery femoral nerve pulls suprapatellar bursa during extension of knee 2
sartorius Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment superior to anterior superior iliac spine medial side of upper tibia in pes anserinus flexes, laterally rotates, and abducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg 2
quadriceps femoris Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon extends knee, flexes hip (rectus femoris only) hamstring 2
     rectus femoris Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment anterior inferior iliac spine and exterior surface of bony ridge which forms iliac portion of acetabulum knee extension; hip flexion 2
     vastus lateralis Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera of femur extends knee 2
     vastus intermedius Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment anterior surface of femur 2
     vastus medialis Lower limb, Thigh, Anterior compartment anteromedial surface of femur 2
hamstring - biceps femoris Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring long head: ischial tuberosity

short head: linea aspera of femur[13]

head of fibula[13] articulating with back of lateral tibial condyle inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery long head: medial (tibial) part of sciatic nerve

short head: lateral (common fibular) part of sciatic nerve[13]

flexes knee joint, laterally rotates leg at knee (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long head only)[13] quadriceps femoris 2
hamstring- semitendinosus Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring ischial tuberosity[13] pes anserinus inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries sciatic nerve[13] (tibial, L5, S1, S2) flexes knee, extends hip, medially rotates leg at knee[13] 22
hamstring-semimembranosus Lower limb, Thigh, Posterior compartment/hamstring medial surface of tibia[13] profunda femoris, gluteal artery sciatic nerve[13]
adductor muscles of the hip Lower limb, Thigh, Medial compartment pubis femur, tibia obturator artery obturator nerve adducts hip gluteus medius, gluteus minimus 2
     gracilis Lower limb, Thigh, Medial compartment inferior pubic ramus[14] tibia (pes anserinus) anterior branch of obturator nerve[14] adducts hip, flexes hip, medially rotates knee[14] 2
     pectineus Lower limb, Thigh, Medial compartment superior pubic ramus[14] lesser trochanter, linea aspera femoral nerve and obturator nerve (medial compartment)[14] flexes and adducts hip[14] 2
     adductor brevis Lower limb, Thigh, Medial compartment anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus[14] lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur anterior branch of obturator nerve[14] adducts hip[14] 2
     adductor longus Lower limb, Thigh, Medial compartment pubic body just below pubic crest middle third of linea aspera adducts and medially rotates hip[14] 2
     adductor magnus Lower limb, Thigh, Medial compartment [14] femur, adductor tubercle of femur posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial part of sciatic nerve (vertical head)[14][15] adducts hip[14] 2
tibialis anterior Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment body of tibia medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of foot anterior tibial artery deep fibular nerve dorsiflexes and inverts foot fibularis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior 2
extensor hallucis longus Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment middle portion of anterior surface of fibula, anterior surface of interosseous membrane dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of hallux extends big toe, assists in dorsiflexion of foot at ankle, weakly inverts foot flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis 2
extensor digitorum longus Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment lateral condyle of tibia, superior ¾ of interosseous membrane middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits extension of toes and ankle flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis 2
fibularis tertius Lower limb, Leg, Anterior Compartment distal anterior surface of fibula dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal dorsi flexes and everts foot 2
triceps surae Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial achilles tendon, calcaneus posterior tibial artery tibial nerve plantarflexes ankle 2
     gastrocnemius Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial medial condyle and lateral condyle of femur calcaneus sural arteries tibial nerve from sciatic nerve, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2 plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee (minor) tibialis anterior 2
     soleus Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line) tendo calcaneus tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5–S2 plantarflexes ankle 2
plantaris Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Superficial lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius calcaneal tendon (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon) tibial nerve plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee 2
popliteus Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep middle facet of lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle posterior tibia under tibial condyles popliteal artery tibial nerve medially rotates and flexes knee 2
tarsal tunnel-     flexor hallucis longus Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula base of distal phalanx of hallux fibular artery (peroneal branch of posterior tibial artery tibial nerve, S1, S2 nerve roots flexes all joints of big toe, plantarflexes ankle extensor hallucis longus 2
tarsal tunnel-     flexor digitorum longus Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep medial tibia distal phalanges of lateral four digits posterior tibial artery tibial nerve flexes toes extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis 2
tarsal tunnel-     tibialis posterior Lower Limb, Leg, Posterior compartment, Deep tibia, fibula navicular, medial cuneiform inverts foot, plantarflexes foot at ankle tibialis anterior 2
fibularis longus Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment fibula first metatarsal, medial cuneiform fibular artery superficial fibular nerve plantarflexes and everts ankle tibialis anterior
fibularis brevis Lower Limb, Leg, Lateral compartment fibula fifth metatarsal fibular artery superficial fibular nerve plantarflexes and everts ankle tibialis posterior
extensor digitorum brevis Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right calcaneus toes deep fibular nerve extends digits 2, 3, and 4 flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis 2
extensor hallucis brevis Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right base of proximal phalanx of big toe deep fibular nerve extends big toe flexor hallucis brevis 2
dorsal interossei of foot Lower limb, Foot, Dorsal, left/right metatarsals proximal phalanges lateral plantar nerve(fourth interosseous space: superficial branch others: deep branch), first and second interossei: lateral branch of deep fibular nerve abducts toes plantar interossei 2
abductor hallucis Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right medial process of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit medial plantar nerve abducts hallux adductor hallucis 2
flexor digitorum brevis Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right medial process of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa middle phalanges of digits 2–5 flexes lateral four toes extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis 2
abductor digiti minimi Lower limb, plantar, first layer, left/right plantar aponeurosis phalanges of fifth toe lateral plantar artery lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) flexes and abducts fifth toe flexor digiti minimi brevis 2
quadratus plantae Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right calcaneus tendons of flexor digitorum longus lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) flexes distal interphalangeal joints (assists flexor digitorum longus) 2
lumbricals Lower limb, plantar, second layer, left/right tendons of flexor digitorum longus medial surface of extensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes lateral plantar artery, plantar arch, four plantar metatarsal arteries lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) and medial plantar nerve (first lumbrical) maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints 2
flexor hallucis brevis Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right plantar surface of cuneiforms, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, long plantar ligament medial head: medial sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe

lateral head: lateral sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of great toe

medial plantar nerve flexes big toe extensor hallucis longus 2
adductor hallucis Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right oblique head: proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsals

transverse head: metatarsophalangeal joints, ligaments of lateral 3 toes

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe, sesamoid lateral plantar nerve adducts big toe abductor hallucis 2
flexor digiti minimi brevis Lower limb, plantar, Third layer, left/right fifth metatarsal bone phalanx of fifth toe lateral plantar nerve (superficial branch) extends and adducts fifth toe abductor digiti minimi 2
plantar interossei Lower limb, plantar, Fourth layer, left/right tendons of plantar Interossei proximal phalanges III-V - muscles cross the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes III-V so the insertions correspond with the origin and there is no crossing between toes plantar arch, dorsal metatarsal artery lateral plantar nerve adducts toes 3 - 5, strengthens transverse arch dorsal interossei 2
dorsal interossei Fourth layer metatarsals proximal phalanges lateral plantar nerve abducts toes plantar interossei 2

Table column meaning and defintions elaborated

Name Meaning
Muscle Name of the muscle in Latin
Location The location of the Muscle in a standard human body
Origin one end of a muscle, ussaly where it attaches to a bone.
Insertion If the bone that the msucle is attachted to remains immobile for an action, the attachment is called an origin. However if the place is on the bone that can move(e. g.) during the action, the attachment point is called an insertion.
Artery The artery which supply the muslce with Blood
Nerve The nerve which tells the muslce when to act
Action The thing that the muscle enables the body to do
Antagonist The muscle which can 'cancel' or to some degree reverse the action of the muscle(Here we have also in parentathis noted to muscle syngery group when relevant)' - Help us make a colorized matrix of the muscle relationships so that we can remove this column from the table
Occurences Number of times that the muscle occurs in a standard human body
(in progress: Relevant TA enteries) Help us add : The Number of entries in the Relevant Terminologia Anatomica(TA) Muscle

Innervation overview

Mind Map showing a summary of Upper Limb Muscle Innervation
Mind Map Showing a summary of Lower Limb Muscle innervation

See also

References

  1. ^ Science Reference Section (19 November 2019). "What is the strongest muscle in the human body?". Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2021-05-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ Brooks, Susan V. (2003-12-01). "Current topics for teaching skeletal muscle physiology". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (1–4): 171–182. doi:10.1152/advan.00025.2003. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 14627615. S2CID 14267377.
  3. ^ John., Stewart, Gregory (2009). "Chapter 8: Skeletal muscles". The skeletal and muscular systems. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 9781604133653. OCLC 277118444.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ de las Peñas, César Fernández; Ge, Hong-You; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars; Dommerholt, Jan; Simons, David G. (2011). "Chapter 32 - Referred pain from muscle/myofascial trigger points". Neck and Arm Pain Syndromes. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 404–418. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-3528-9.00032-7. ISBN 978-0-7020-3528-9.
  5. ^ Sarnat, Harvey B.; Carpenter, Stirling (2015). "Chapter 4 - Muscle Biopsy for Diagnosis of Neuromuscular and Metabolic Diseases". Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 46–65. ISBN 978-0-12-417044-5.
  6. ^ "Agonist and antagonist muscle pairs - Muscular system - OCR - GCSE Physical Education Revision - OCR". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  7. ^ Biga, Lindsay M.; Bronson, Staci; Dawson, Sierra; Harwell, Amy; Hopkins, Robin; Kaufmann, Joel; LeMaster, Mike; Matern, Philip; Morrison-Graham, Katie; Oja, Kristen; Quick, Devon; Runyeon, Jon (2019-09-26). "11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Pessino, Kenneth; Patel, Jay; Patel, Bhupendra C. (2023), "Anatomy, Head and Neck; Frontalis Muscle", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32491684, retrieved 2023-07-02
  9. ^ a b "Iliopsoas". exrx.net.
  10. ^ a b Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 193
  11. ^ Gosling, J. A., Harris, P. F., Humpherson, J. R., Whitmore I., & Willan P. L. T. 2008. Human Anatomy Color Atlas and Text Book. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. page 200
  12. ^ Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 217
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gosling 2008, p. 273
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266
  15. ^ MedicalMnemonics.com: 255 [dead link‍]

General references

  • Gosling, J.A.; Harris, P.F.; Humpherson, J.R.; Whitmore, I.; Willan, P.L.T. (2008). Human Anatomy: Color Atlas and Textbook. phot. by A.L. Bentley (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-7234-3451-1.
Part of a series of lists about
Human anatomy
General
Structures
Muscles
See also
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