Salmson water-cooled aero-engines
| Salmson water-cooled aero-engines | |
|---|---|
| |
| A Salmson 9Z water-cooled radial engine | |
| Type | Water-cooled multi cylinder barrel and radial engines |
| National origin | France |
| Manufacturer | Société des Moteurs Salmson |
| First run | 1908 |
The Salmson water-cooled aero-engines, produced in France by Société des Moteurs Salmson from 1908 until 1920,[1] were a series of pioneering aero-engines: unusually combining water-cooling with the radial arrangement of their cylinders.
History
[edit]Henri Salmson, a manufacturer of water pumps, was engaged by Georges Marius Henri-Georges Canton and Pierre Unné, a pair of Swiss engineers, to produce engines to their design. Their initial efforts were on barrel engines, but these failed to meet expectations due to low reliability and high fuel consumption caused by internal friction.[1]
A new 7-cylinder water-cooled radial design was then developed by Canton and Unné. The range was expanded to produce 9-cylinder models, and also two-row 14-cylinder and 18-cylinder engines. By 1912 the Salmson A9 was producing around 120 brake horsepower; while competitive with rival designs from French companies, Salmson, Canton and Unné decided to develop more powerful engines as their rivals were concentrating on engines of lower power.[1]
The engines were produced at Salmson's factory at Billancourt, which was expanded during the First World War, and a second factory was opened at Villeurbanne. The Salmson-(Canton-Unne) series of water-cooled engines were also built by licensees in Russia and in Great Britain at the Dudbridge Iron Works Limited at Stroud in Gloucestershire between 1914 and 1918.[2]
Applications
[edit]
Data from:LA SOCIETE DES MOTEURS SALMSON[1] Aircraft powered by Salmson water-cooled engines included:
- Salmson 9A
- Salmson 9B
- Salmson 9C
- Salmson 9M
- Salmson 9P
- Salmson 9R
- Salmson 9Z
- Besson H-5
- Caudron C.23
- Farman HF.30
- Farman 60
- Hanriot HD.3
- Hanriot H.26
- Latécoère 3
- Salmson 2 Berline
- Salmson 2A2
- Vickers Vimy prototype
- Voisin Triplane
- Salmson 2M7
- Salmson 18Cm
Variants and specifications
[edit]Some sources named the radial versions as Salmson (Canton-Unne) which refers to the Swiss engineers which engaged Salmson to build engines to their designs.
| Name | Cylinders | Year | Bore | Stroke | Capacity | Power | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salmson A | 2 x 7-cyl barrel | 1908 | 75 mm (2.953 in) | 125 mm (4.921 in) | 7.7 L (469.88 cu in) | 37.285 kW (50 hp) at 800rpm | Barrel engine 1 built bench tests only |
| Salmson B | 2 x 7-cyl barrel | 1910 | 75 mm (2.953 in) | 125 mm (4.921 in) | 7.7 L (469.88 cu in) | 37.285 kW (50 hp) at 800rpm | 1 built bench tests only. |
| Salmson C | 2 x 7-cyl barrel | 1910 | 85 mm (3.346 in) | 95 mm (3.740 in) | 8 L (488.19 cu in) | 44.74 kW (60 hp) at 1100rpm | 1 built with rotary inlet valves. |
| Salmson D | 2 x 7-cyl barrel | 1910 | 85 mm (3.346 in) | 95 mm (3.740 in) | 8 L (488.19 cu in) | 44.74 kW (60 hp) at 1100rpm | 1 built with rotary inlet valves. |
| Salmson E | 2 x 9-cyl barrel | 1911 | 110 mm (4.331 in) | 130 mm (5.118 in) | 22 L (1,342.52 cu in) | 55.93 kW (75 hp) | 1 built – timed valves. |
| Salmson F | 2 x 9-cyl barrel | 1911 | 110 mm (4.331 in) | 130 mm (5.118 in) | 22 L (1,342.52 cu in) | 55.93 kW (75 hp) at 1200 rpm | 1 built – timed valves. |
| Salmson K | 2 x 7-cyl barrel | 1912 | 85 mm (3.346 in) | 105 mm (4.134 in) | 11 L (671.26 cu in) | 63.4 kW (85 hp) at 1200 rpm | 1 built – automatic inlet valves. |
| Salmson A7 | 7-cyl radial | 1911 | 120 mm (4.724 in) | 140 mm (5.512 in) | 11 L (671.26 cu in) | 59.65 kW (80 hp) – 74.57 kW (100 hp) | 5 built for bench testing. |
| Salmson A9 | 9-cyl radial | 1912 | 122 mm (4.803 in) | 140 mm (5.512 in) | 14.73 L (898.88 cu in) | 82 kW (110 hp) – 96.94 kW (130 hp) | 30 built – certified to 47 hours running by 1914 |
| Salmson C9 | 9-cyl radial | 1912 | 150 mm (5.906 in) | 180 mm (7.087 in) | 28.63 L (1,747.11 cu in) | 223.7 kW (300 hp) | 1 built for testing |
| Salmson M7 | 7-cyl radial | 1913 | 122 mm (4.803 in) | 140 mm (5.512 in) | 11.5 L (701.77 cu in) | 74.57 kW (100 hp) – 85.75 kW (115 hp) | 50 built for bench testing. |
| Salmson 2M7 | 14-cyl 2-row radial | 1913 | 122 mm (4.803 in) | 140 mm (5.512 in) | 23 L (1,403.55 cu in) | 149.1 kW (200 hp) at 1300rpm | 15 built in France 300 built in Great Britain. Powered the Kennedy Giant, Short Type 166,
Sopwith Bat Boat II, Sopwith Type C, Sopwith Type 860 and Wight Navyplane.[3] |
| Salmson 2A9 | 18 cyl 2-row radial | 1913 | 122 mm (4.803 in) | 140 mm (5.512 in) | 29.46 L (1,797.76 cu in) | 233.7 kW (313 hp) at 1500rpm | 1 built for bench testing. |
| Salmson B9 | 9-cyl radial | 1913 | 122 mm (4.803 in) | 140 mm (5.512 in) | 14.73 L (898.88 cu in) | 104.4 kW (140 hp) | 106 built in Great Britain, 300 built in France. Powered the Short Type 135, Short S.74 et Short Type 830 and Voisin LA 5 |
| Salmson M9 | 9-cyl radial | 1914 | 122 mm (4.803 in) | 140 mm (5.512 in) | 14.73 L (898.88 cu in) | 89.48 kW (120 hp) – 96.94 kW (130 hp) | 500 built in France. Powered the Voisin LA 3, Bréguet U2, Blackburn Type L, Breguet 14 prototype. |
| Salmson P9 | 9-cyl radial | 1915 | 122 mm (4.803 in) | 140 mm (5.512 in) | 14.73 L (898.88 cu in) | 111.85 kW (150 hp) | 300 built in France, 300 built in Russia. Powered the Voisin type LA 5 and Farman HF.27 |
| Salmson R9 | 9-cyl radial | 1915 | 125 mm (4.921 in) | 140 mm (5.512 in) | 15.46 L (943.43 cu in) | 111.85 kW (150 hp) – 119.3 kW (160 hp) at 1300rpm | 50 built in France, 300 built in Russia. Powered the Lebed 12, Anatra DS, and Salmson-Moineau (1917) prototype |
| Salmson 9Z | 9-cyl radial | 1917 | 125 mm (4.921 in) | 170 mm (6.693 in) | 18.7 L (1,141.14 cu in) | 186.4 kW (250 hp) at 1400rpm | a.k.a. Z9 Water-cooled or Z9 – 3000 built in France, 56 built in Great Britain. Powered the Salmson 2A2, Latécoère 3, Farman 60, Voisin Triplane, Caudron C.23 and Vickers Vimy prototype |
| Salmson 9Za | Variant of the 9Z, powered the Hanriot HD.3 | ||||||
| Salmson 9Zm | Variant of the 9Z | ||||||
| Salmson 9Zc | Variant of the 9Z | ||||||
| Salmson CM.9 | 9 | 194 kW (260 hp) | powered the Salmson 2 Berline | ||||
| Salmson 18Z | 18-cyl 2-row radial | 125 mm (4.921 in) | 170 mm (6.693 in) | 37.4 L (2,282.29 cu in) | 373 kW (500 hp) at 1,600 rpm | ||
| Salmson 18Cm | 18 | 1934 | 125 mm (4.921 in) | 180 mm (7.087 in) | 39.760 L (2,426.3 cu in) | 410 kW (550 hp) at 1,700 rpm | 2-row In-line radial water-cooled version of the 18Z / 18AB |
Specifications (Salmson 9Z)
[edit]Data from [1]
General characteristics
- Type: 9-cyl radial engine
- Bore: 125 mm (4.921 in)
- Stroke: 170 mm (6.693 in)
- Displacement: 18.776 L (1,145.78 cu in)
- Dry weight: 214.5 kg (473 lb)
- Designer: Georges Marius Henri-Georges Canton and Pierre Unné
Components
- Cooling system: Water with radiators
Performance
- Power output: 186.4 kW (250 hp) at 1550rpm
- Compression ratio: 5.4:1
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References and further reading
[edit]
- (in French) La société des moteurs Salmson at Hydro-Retro.Net
- Salmson Z-9 at the Aircraft Engine Historical Society
- Angelucci, Enzo (1983). The Rand McNally encyclopedia of military aircraft, 1914-1980. The Military Press. p. 103. ISBN 0-517-41021 4.
- Hirschauer, Louis; Dollfus, Charles, eds. (1921). L'Année Aéronautique: 1920-1921. Paris: Dunod. p. 131.