Marion Power Shovel Company

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Marion Power Shovel Company

Industry	Machinery manufacturing
Founded	Marion, Ohio, United States August 1884; 140 years ago (1884-08)
Founder	Henry Barnhart Edward Huber George W. King
Defunct	23 July 1997; 27 years ago (1997-07-23)
Fate	Acquired
Successor	Bucyrus International, Inc.
Headquarters	Marion, Ohio , United States
Area served	Worldwide
Products	5760 Electric Shovel 6360 Electric Shovel 7820 Electric Dragline 8200 Electric Dragline 8750 Electric Dragline 191M Electric Shovel 201M Electric Shovel 301M Electric Shovel 351M Electric Shovel 305M Crawler Dragline

Marion Power Shovel Company was an American firm that designed, manufactured and sold steam shovels, power shovels, blast hole drills, excavators, and dragline excavators for use in the construction and mining industries. The company was a major supplier of steam shovels for the construction of the Panama Canal. The company also built the two crawler-transporters used by NASA for transporting the Saturn V rocket and later the Space Shuttle to their launch pads. The company's shovels played a major role in excavation for Hoover Dam, the Holland Tunnel and the extension of the Number 7 subway line to Main Street in Flushing, Queens.^[1][2]

Founded in Marion, Ohio in August, 1884 by Henry Barnhart, Edward Huber and George W. King as the Marion Steam Shovel Company, the company grew through sales and acquisitions throughout the 20th century. The company changed its name to Marion Power Shovel Company in 1946 to reflect the industry's change from steam power to diesel power.

The company ceased to be independent when it was sold, becoming the Marion division of Dresser Industries in 1977. In 1992, Dresser spun off the Marion division and certain other assets into a holding company that eventually became the Global Industrial Technologies, Inc. Global sold the division to longtime rival Bucyrus International for US$40.1 million in 1997. Bucyrus integrated the Marion division's products into the Bucyrus product line, then closed the Marion, Ohio, facility. In 2010 Bucyrus was purchased by Caterpillar, Inc., the world’s largest equipment manufacturer.

The Marion Steam Shovel Company was established by Henry Barnhart, George W. King and Edward Huber in August 1884. While steam shovels had been made prior to this date in the United States, Barnhart persuaded Huber to financially back his design, which incorporated a stronger bucket support than other makes. Barnhart and Huber patented Barnhart's changes under US Patent No. 285,100 on September 18, 1883. One element of Barnhart's design was the use of solid iron rods (hog rings) to support the boom of the shovel, which was stronger than simple chain.^{[citation needed]}

Marion built large and small steam shovels for building contractors, railroads and the US Army Corps of Engineers who were building the Panama Canal at the time. The company, from between 1902 and 1911, shipped 24 shovels to Panama for the construction of the canal.^[3] One set the record in July 1908 for moving 53,000 cubic yards (41,000 m³) of earth in 25 eight-hour days after American project management began.

By 1911 90% of all large bucket steam shovels and draglines were produced in Marion Ohio, which was also the headquarters of Osgood Steam Shovel, Fairbanks Steam Shovel and General Excavating Corporation.^{[citation needed]} (Future head-to-head competitor Bucyrus Steam Shovel was founded 15 miles (24 km) from Marion in nearby Bucyrus, Ohio, and relocated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1893 after Bucyrus city officials refused to approve expansion plans for the company.)^{[citation needed]}

Towards the end of WWI the company assembled M1918 railway guns utilizing a repurposed M1895 12 inch 45 caliber coastal defense gun. The only remaining example was stored for testing purposes at Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren VA until 2011 when it was moved to Fort Lee, VA for inclusion in the U.S. Army Ordnance Training and Heritage Center.^[4]

Marion excavators were used during construction of Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works in the Soviet Union in 1930s. Marion was the first fоreign machine there, in 1930. Poet Boris Ruchyov wrote the "Ballad of Excavator Marion" [Баллада об экскаваторе Марион] on this occasion.^[5]

In April 1946, the company changed its name to the Marion Power Shovel Company to more closely reflect its products.^[6]

Marion built its first walking dragline in 1939 and became a key player in providing giant stripping shovels to the coal industry, being the first to put a long-boom revolving stripping shovel to work in North America in 1911. Marion’s succession of giant shovels, many breaking world size records, starting with The Mountaineer in 1956 which was 16 stories. One shovel load moved approximately 90 tons, which was then one of the world's largest power shovels.^[7] Marion's huge power shovel models eventually culminated in the world’s largest: the 1965 Marion 6360. The 6360 at the Captain Mine, Illinois, operated with a 180 cubic yard (138 cubic meter) dipper. With an estimated weight of 15,000 tons (13,600 tonnes), this machine is one of the heaviest mobile land machines ever built.

Marion designed and built the NASA Crawler-transporter used to transport both the Saturn V rocket, as well as the Space Shuttle.^[8]

In 1955, Marion Power Shovel acquired its crosstown rival, the Osgood Company, which manufactured shovels under the Marion-Osgood and Osgood names. Osgood's product line complemented Marion Power Shovel's, with most of Osgood's product line focusing on shovels, cranes and draglines that were small capacity machines as opposed to Marion's line, which focused increasingly on high end strip mining draglines. Osgood also built road-ready mobile units that used Mack truck undercarriages.^{[citation needed]}

The Marion Power Shovel Company was refinanced by management in the late 1960s with only the signature guarantee of the primary stockholder, billionaire Henry Hillman, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and PNC Bank fame. In 1977 Dresser Industries, Inc. purchased Marion Power Shovel for approximately US$250 million. The company grew from 1,500 employees in 1974 to over 3,200 employees by 1978 under the direction of Putt McDowell during the massive growth in coal mining demand of the late 1970s.^{[citation needed]}

By 1992, Dresser Industries decided to exit the production of industrial and mining equipment. The affected assets, including the Marion division, became part of Indresco, a holding company created by Dresser in 1992 and then spun off to Dresser shareholders.^[9] On November 1, 1995, Indresco changed its name to Global Industrial Technologies, Inc.^[10]

On January 23, 1997 Global Industrial Technologies announced that it was divesting certain assets, including the Marion division.^[11] Global Industrial Technologies sold the Marion Power Shovel Company, which had revenues of US$114.4 million in FY 1996, for US$40.1 million to Bucyrus International on July 23, 1997.^[12][13][14] Following the acquisition, Bucyrus International closed Marion Power Shovel Company's Marion, Ohio facility.^{[citation needed]}

Historical corporate files and archives for Marion Power Shovel were split between Bowling Green, Ohio's Historical Construction Equipment Association and the Marion County Historical Society in Marion, Ohio.^{[citation needed]}

• Power shovel
• Dragline
• Big Muskie
• Big Brutus
• Marion Steam Shovel (Le Roy, New York)

• Bucyrus International, Marion Power Shovel
• Historical Construction Equipment Association
• Happy Birthday Crawlers, NASA page
• NASA Moveable Launch Pad
• Virtual Tour of the Crawler-Transporter 2 Upgrades, Sept 3, 2014^{[permanent dead link‍]}
• Randall, Emilius; Ryan, Daniel Joseph (1915). "Autobiographical sketch of the life of George W. King; his ancestors and early environments; business career and connection with the Marion Steam Shovel Company. Including Edward Huber, Henry W. Barnhart, and other men prominently connected with its early history.". History of Ohio: the Rise and Progress of an American State. Vol. 6. New York: The Century History Company. pp. 686–782.