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List of governors of Indiana

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The Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis, which houses the office of the governor

The governor of Indiana is the head of government of the U.S. state of Indiana. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Indiana's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

While a territory, Indiana had two governors appointed by the president of the United States. Since statehood in 1816, it has had 49 governors, serving 51 distinct terms; Isaac P. Gray and Henry F. Schricker are the only governors to have served non-consecutive terms. Four governors have served two four-year terms; territorial governor William Henry Harrison served for 11 years. The shortest-serving governor is Henry S. Lane, who served two days before resigning to become a U.S. senator. The current governor is Eric Holcomb, who took office on January 9, 2017.

List of governors

[edit]

Territory of Indiana

[edit]

Indiana Territory was formed on July 4, 1800, from the Northwest Territory. Despite remaining a territory for nearly 16 years, it had only two governors appointed by the president of the United States before it became a state.

Governors of Indiana Territory
No. Governor Term in office[a] Appointed by
1 William Henry Harrison[b]
(1773–1841)
[2] 		May 13, 1800[c]
–
December 28, 1812
(successor appointed) 		John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
2 Thomas Posey
(1750–1818)
[9] 		March 3, 1813[d]
–
November 7, 1816
(lost election) 		James Madison

State of Indiana

[edit]

Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11, 1816.

The original 1816 Constitution of Indiana provided for the election of a governor and a lieutenant governor every three years, limited to six years out of any nine-year period.[12] The second and current constitution of 1851 lengthened terms to four years and set the commencement of the governor's term on the second Monday in the January following the election.[13] Governors were allowed to serve for four years in any eight-year period,[13] but a 1972 amendment permitted governors to serve for eight years in any twelve-year period.[14] Should the office of governor become vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[15] If the office of lieutenant governor is vacant, the president pro tempore of the Indiana Senate becomes governor;[15] this has happened once, when James B. Ray succeeded William Hendricks.[16]

Governors of the State of Indiana
No.[e] Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[f]
1   Jonathan Jennings
(1784–1834)
[18][19] 		November 7, 1816[20]
–
September 12, 1822
(resigned)[g] 		Democratic-
Republican[21] 		1816   Christopher Harrison
(resigned December 18, 1818)[h]
Vacant
1819 Ratliff Boon
2 Ratliff Boon
(1781–1844)
[23][24] 		September 12, 1822[21]
–
December 4, 1822
(successor took office) 		Democratic-
Republican[21] 		Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
3 William Hendricks
(1782–1850)
[25][26] 		December 4, 1822[27]
–
February 12, 1825
(resigned)[i] 		Democratic-
Republican[21] 		1822 Ratliff Boon
(resigned January 30, 1824)
Vacant
4 James B. Ray
(1794–1848)
[28][29] 		February 12, 1825[21]
–
December 7, 1831
(term-limited)[j] 		Democratic-
Republican[k] 		Succeeded from
president of
the Senate[l]
1825 John H. Thompson[m]
1828 Milton Stapp
5 Noah Noble
(1794–1844)
[32][33] 		December 7, 1831[34]
–
December 6, 1837
(term-limited)[j] 		National
Republican[21] 		1831 David Wallace
Whig[21] 1834
6 David Wallace
(1799–1859)
[35][36] 		December 6, 1837[37]
–
December 9, 1840
(did not run) 		Whig[38] 1837 David Hillis
7 Samuel Bigger
(1802–1846)
[39][40] 		December 9, 1840[41]
–
December 6, 1843
(lost election) 		Whig[42] 1840 Samuel Hall
8 James Whitcomb
(1795–1852)
[43][44] 		December 6, 1843[45]
–
December 27, 1848
(resigned)[n] 		Democratic[46] 1843 Jesse D. Bright
(resigned December 8, 1845)
Vacant
1846 Paris C. Dunning
9 Paris C. Dunning
(1806–1884)
[47][48] 		December 27, 1848[49]
–
December 5, 1849
(did not run) 		Democratic[21] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
10 Joseph A. Wright
(1810–1867)
[50][51] 		December 5, 1849[52]
–
January 12, 1857
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[54] 1849 Jim Lane
1852[p] Ashbel P. Willard
11 Ashbel P. Willard
(1820–1860)
[55][56] 		January 12, 1857[57]
–
October 4, 1860
(died in office) 		Democratic[58] 1856 Abram A. Hammond
12 Abram A. Hammond
(1814–1874)
[59][60] 		October 4, 1860[61]
–
January 14, 1861
(successor took office) 		Democratic[21] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
13 Henry S. Lane
(1811–1881)
[62][63] 		January 14, 1861[64]
–
January 16, 1861
(resigned)[q] 		Republican[65] 1860 Oliver P. Morton
14 Oliver P. Morton
(1823–1877)
[66][67] 		January 16, 1861[68]
–
January 24, 1867
(resigned)[r] 		Republican[21] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
Union[69] 1864 Conrad Baker[s]
15 Conrad Baker
(1817–1885)
[71][72] 		January 24, 1867[73]
–
January 13, 1873
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
1868 William Cumback
(resigned January 11, 1871)
Vacant
16 Thomas A. Hendricks
(1819–1885)
[74][75] 		January 13, 1873[76]
–
January 8, 1877
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1872 Leonidas Sexton[t]
17 James D. Williams
(1808–1880)
[77][78] 		January 8, 1877[79]
–
November 20, 1880
(died in office) 		Democratic[21] 1876 Isaac P. Gray
18 Isaac P. Gray
(1828–1895)
[80][81] 		November 20, 1880[82]
–
January 10, 1881
(successor took office) 		Democratic[21] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
19 Albert G. Porter
(1824–1897)
[83][84] 		January 10, 1881[85]
–
January 12, 1885
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1880 Thomas Hanna
20 Isaac P. Gray
(1828–1895)
[80][81] 		January 12, 1885[86]
–
January 14, 1889
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1884 Mahlon Dickerson Manson
(resigned July 1886)
Vacant
21 Alvin Peterson Hovey
(1821–1891)
[87][88] 		January 14, 1889[89]
–
November 23, 1891
(died in office) 		Republican[21] 1888 Ira Joy Chase
22 Ira Joy Chase
(1834–1895)
[90][91] 		November 23, 1891[92]
–
January 9, 1893
(lost election) 		Republican[21] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
23 Claude Matthews
(1845–1898)
[93][94] 		January 9, 1893[95]
–
January 11, 1897
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1892 Mortimer Nye
24 James A. Mount
(1843–1901)
[96][97] 		January 11, 1897[98]
–
January 14, 1901
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1896 William S. Haggard
25 Winfield T. Durbin
(1847–1928)
[99][100] 		January 14, 1901[101]
–
January 9, 1905
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1900 Newton W. Gilbert
26 Frank Hanly
(1863–1920)
[102][103] 		January 9, 1905[104]
–
January 11, 1909
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1904 Hugh Thomas Miller
27 Thomas R. Marshall
(1854–1925)
[105][106] 		January 11, 1909[107]
–
January 13, 1913
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1908 Frank J. Hall
28 Samuel M. Ralston
(1857–1925)
[108][109] 		January 13, 1913[110]
–
January 8, 1917
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1912 William P. O'Neill
29 James P. Goodrich
(1864–1940)
[111][112] 		January 8, 1917[113]
–
January 10, 1921
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1916 Edgar D. Bush
30 Warren T. McCray
(1865–1938)
[114][115] 		January 10, 1921[116]
–
April 30, 1924
(resigned)[u] 		Republican[21] 1920 Emmett Forest Branch
31 Emmett Forest Branch
(1874–1932)
[117][118] 		April 30, 1924[119]
–
January 12, 1925
(did not run) 		Republican[21] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
32 Edward L. Jackson
(1873–1954)
[120][121] 		January 12, 1925[122]
–
January 14, 1929
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1924 F. Harold Van Orman
33 Harry G. Leslie
(1878–1937)
[123][124] 		January 14, 1929[125]
–
January 9, 1933
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1928 Edgar D. Bush
34 Paul V. McNutt
(1891–1955)
[126][127] 		January 9, 1933[128]
–
January 11, 1937
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1932 M. Clifford Townsend
35 M. Clifford Townsend
(1884–1954)
[129][130] 		January 11, 1937[131]
–
January 13, 1941
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1936 Henry F. Schricker
36 Henry F. Schricker
(1883–1966)
[132][133] 		January 13, 1941[134]
–
January 8, 1945
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1940 Charles M. Dawson
37 Ralph F. Gates
(1893–1978)
[135][136] 		January 8, 1945[137]
–
January 10, 1949
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1944 Richard T. James
(resigned April 1, 1948)
Vacant
Rue J. Alexander
(appointed April 14, 1948)
(died January 2, 1949)
Vacant
38 Henry F. Schricker
(1883–1966)
[132][133] 		January 10, 1949[138]
–
January 12, 1953
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1948 John A. Watkins
39 George N. Craig
(1909–1992)
[139][140] 		January 12, 1953[141]
–
January 14, 1957
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1952 Harold W. Handley
40 Harold W. Handley
(1909–1972)
[142][143] 		January 14, 1957[144]
–
January 9, 1961
(term-limited)[o] 		Republican[21] 1956 Crawford F. Parker
41 Matthew E. Welsh
(1912–1995)
[145][146] 		January 9, 1961[147]
–
January 11, 1965
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1960 Richard O. Ristine[t]
42 Roger D. Branigin
(1902–1975)
[148][149] 		January 11, 1965[150]
–
January 13, 1969
(term-limited)[o] 		Democratic[21] 1964 Robert L. Rock
43 Edgar Whitcomb
(1917–2016)
[151][152] 		January 13, 1969[153]
–
January 8, 1973
(did not run)[v] 		Republican[21] 1968 Richard E. Folz
44 Otis Bowen
(1918–2013)
[154][155] 		January 8, 1973[156]
–
January 12, 1981
(term-limited)[w] 		Republican[21] 1972 Robert D. Orr
1976
45 Robert D. Orr
(1917–2004)
[158] 		January 12, 1981[159]
–
January 9, 1989
(term-limited)[w] 		Republican[158] 1980 John Mutz
1984
46 Evan Bayh
(b. 1955)
[160] 		January 9, 1989[161]
–
January 13, 1997
(term-limited)[w] 		Democratic[160] 1988 Frank O'Bannon
1992
47 Frank O'Bannon
(1930–2003)
[162] 		January 13, 1997[163]
–
September 13, 2003
(died in office) 		Democratic[162] 1996 Joe Kernan
2000
48 Joe Kernan
(1946–2020)
[164] 		September 13, 2003[165]
–
January 10, 2005
(lost election) 		Democratic[164] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
Kathy Davis
(appointed October 20, 2003)
49 Mitch Daniels
(b. 1949)
[166] 		January 10, 2005[167]
–
January 14, 2013
(term-limited)[w] 		Republican[166] 2004 Becky Skillman
2008
50 Mike Pence
(b. 1959)
[168] 		January 14, 2013[169]
–
January 9, 2017
(withdrew)[x] 		Republican[168] 2012 Sue Ellspermann
(resigned March 2, 2016)
Vacant
Eric Holcomb
(appointed March 3, 2016)
51 Eric Holcomb
(b. 1968)
[171] 		January 9, 2017[172]
–
Incumbent[y] 		Republican[171] 2016 Suzanne Crouch
2020
52 Mike Braun
(b. 1954) 		Governor-elect
takes office
January 13, 2025 		Republican 2024 Micah Beckwith

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor left office.
  2. ^ John Gibson served as acting governor during the absences of Governor William Henry Harrison.[1][2]
  3. ^ Harrison was nominated on May 12, 1800,[3] confirmed on May 13,[4] and took office on July 4.[5] He was reconfirmed by the Senate on February 8, 1803;[6] recommissioned by the President for an interim term on May 5, 1806;[5] reconfirmed by the Senate on December 17, 1806;[7] and again on December 20, 1809.[8]
  4. ^ Posey was nominated on February 27, 1813,[10] confirmed by the Senate on March 3,[11] and took office on May 25.[9]
  5. ^ The official site labels Eric Holcomb as the 51st governor;[17] based on this, repeat non-consecutive terms are numbered.
  6. ^ Does not include acting lieutenant governors. All lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor.
  7. ^ Jennings resigned, having been elected to the United States House of Representatives.[19]
  8. ^ Jennings was appointed a United States commissioner to conclude a treaty with native tribes on April 15, 1818; after this time, Harrison was acting as governor. However, by accepting the post, Harrison believed Jennings had vacated the seat, and thus felt he had succeeded Jennings to the governorship. The state legislature declined to confirm this, and Harrison resigned on December 18, 1818.[22]
  9. ^ Hendricks resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[26]
  10. ^ a b Under the 1816 constitution, governors were not capable of holding the office longer than six years in any term of nine years.[30]
  11. ^ Kallenbach labels Ray a Clay Republican,[21] but Glashan[31] and Sobel[28] label him a Democratic-Republican.
  12. ^ As the office of lieutenant governor was vacant, president pro tempore of the Senate Ray succeeded Hendricks.[29]
  13. ^ Represented the Jacksonian faction
  14. ^ Whitcomb resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[44]
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Under the 1851 constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office more than four years in any period of eight years.[53]
  16. ^ First term under the 1851 constitution, which lengthened terms to four years.[13]
  17. ^ Lane resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[63]
  18. ^ Morton resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[67]
  19. ^ Baker acted as governor from October 1865 to March 1866 while Morton sought treatment for a stroke and handed over executive powers.[70]
  20. ^ a b Represented the Republican Party
  21. ^ McCray resigned following his conviction for mail fraud, and served three years in prison; he was pardoned by President Herbert Hoover in 1930.[115]
  22. ^ It is unknown if the 1972 constitutional amendment allowing for a second term would have impacted Whitcomb; either way, he did not run in the 1972 election.
  23. ^ a b c d Under a 1972 amendment to the constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office more than eight years in any period of twelve years.[157]
  24. ^ Pence won the Republican nomination, but withdrew on July 15, 2016, when Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump selected Pence as his vice presidential running mate. As Pence was barred by Indiana law from simultaneously running for both offices, he subsequently withdrew from the gubernatorial election.[170]
  25. ^ Holcomb's second term began on January 11, 2021, and will expire on January 13, 2025; he is term-limited.

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Governors of Indiana.
General
Constitutions
Specific
  1. ^ "John Gibson Letters". Indiana State Library. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
  2. ^ a b McMullin 1984, pp. 149–151.
  3. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 6th Cong., 1st sess., 353, accessed February 24, 2023.
  4. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 6th Cong., 1st sess., 354, accessed February 24, 2023.
  5. ^ a b The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume VII: The Territory of Indiana. United States Government Publishing Office. 1939. p. 14–16.
  6. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 7th Cong., 2nd sess., 442, accessed February 24, 2023.
  7. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 9th Cong., 2nd sess., 45, accessed February 24, 2023.
  8. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 11th Cong., 2nd sess., 131, accessed February 24, 2023.
  9. ^ a b McMullin 1984, pp. 152–153.
  10. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 12th Cong., 2nd sess., 329, accessed February 24, 2023.
  11. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 12th Cong., 2nd sess., 333, accessed February 24, 2023.
  12. ^ 1816 Const. art. IV, § 3
  13. ^ a b c IN Const. art. V, § 1
  14. ^ McLauchlan p. 94
  15. ^ a b IN Const. art. V, § 10
  16. ^ Woollen, p. 56
  17. ^ "About the Governor". State of Indiana. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  18. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 395–396.
  19. ^ a b "Johnathan Jennings". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  20. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1816 sess., 10, accessed August 18, 2023
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Kallenbach 1977, pp. 171–172.
  22. ^ 1919 Year Book, p. 981
  23. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 396.
  24. ^ "Ratliff Boon". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  25. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 396–397.
  26. ^ a b "William Hendricks". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  27. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1822 sess., 26, accessed August 18, 2023
  28. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 397–398.
  29. ^ a b "James Brown Ray". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  30. ^ "1816 Ind. Const. art. IV, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
  31. ^ Glashan 1979, p. 86.
  32. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 398–399.
  33. ^ "Noah Noble". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  34. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1831 sess., 32, accessed August 19, 2023
  35. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 399–400.
  36. ^ "David Wallace". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  37. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1837 sess., 30, accessed August 19, 2023
  38. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 59.
  39. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 400.
  40. ^ "Samuel Bigger". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  41. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1840 sess., 35, accessed August 19, 2023
  42. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 60.
  43. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 400–401.
  44. ^ a b "James Whitcomb". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  45. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1843 sess., 33, accessed August 19, 2023
  46. ^ Dubin 2003, pp. 60–61.
  47. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 401–402.
  48. ^ "Paris Chipman Dunning". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  49. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1848 sess., 202, accessed August 19, 2023
  50. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 402.
  51. ^ "Joseph Albert Wright". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  52. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1849 sess., 42, accessed August 19, 2023
  53. ^ "1851 Ind. Const. art. IV, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
  54. ^ Dubin 2003, pp. 62–63.
  55. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 403.
  56. ^ "Ashbel Parsons Willard". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  57. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1857 sess., 60, accessed August 19, 2023
  58. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 63.
  59. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 403–404.
  60. ^ "Abram Adams Hammond". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  61. ^ "Death of Gov. Willard". Richmond Weekly Palladium. October 11, 1860. p. 2. Retrieved August 19, 2023.
  62. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 404.
  63. ^ a b "Henry Smith Lane". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  64. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1861 sess., 60, accessed August 19, 2023
  65. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 64.
  66. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 405.
  67. ^ a b "Oliver Morton Perry". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  68. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1861 sess., 94, accessed August 19, 2023
  69. ^ Thornbrough, Emma Lou (1989). Indiana in the Civil War Era, 1850–1880. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p. 209.
  70. ^ "Indiana Governor Conrad Baker". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
  71. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 405–406.
  72. ^ "Conrad Baker". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  73. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1867 sess., 197, accessed August 19, 2023
  74. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 406–407.
  75. ^ "Thomas Andrews Hendricks". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  76. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1873 sess., 77, accessed August 19, 2023
  77. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 407.
  78. ^ "James Douglas Williams". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  79. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1877 sess., 66, accessed August 19, 2023
  80. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 407–408.
  81. ^ a b "Isaac Pusey Gray". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  82. ^ "none". The South Bend Tribune. November 20, 1880. p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2023. He will be succeeded in office by Lieutenant-Governor Gray...
  83. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 408–409.
  84. ^ "Albert Gallatin Porter". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  85. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1881 sess., 79, accessed August 19, 2023
  86. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1885 sess., 60, accessed August 19, 2023
  87. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 409–410.
  88. ^ "Alvin Peterson Hovey". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  89. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1889 sess., 62, accessed August 19, 2023
  90. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 410.
  91. ^ "Ira Joy Chase". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  92. ^ "The Governor Dead". The Indianapolis News. November 23, 1891. p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2023.
  93. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 410–411.
  94. ^ "Claude Matthews". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  95. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1893 sess., 50, accessed August 19, 2023
  96. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 411.
  97. ^ "James Atwell Mount". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  98. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1897 sess., 63, accessed August 19, 2023
  99. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 411–412.
  100. ^ "Winfield Taylor Durbin". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  101. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1901 sess., 72, accessed August 19, 2023
  102. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 412–413.
  103. ^ "James Frank Hanly". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  104. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1905 sess., 103, accessed August 19, 2023
  105. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 413.
  106. ^ "Thomas Riley Marshall". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  107. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1909 sess., 79, accessed August 19, 2023
  108. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 414.
  109. ^ "Samuel Moffett Ralston". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  110. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1913 sess., 69, accessed August 19, 2023
  111. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 414–415.
  112. ^ "James Putnam Goodrich". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  113. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1917 sess., 51, accessed August 19, 2023
  114. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 415–416.
  115. ^ a b "Warren T. McCray". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  116. ^ Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1921 sess., 149, accessed August 19, 2023
  117. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 416.
  118. ^ "Emmett Forrest Branch". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  119. ^ "Branch Made Governor". The Indianapolis Times. April 30, 1924. p. 1. Retrieved August 19, 2023.
  120. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 416–417.
  121. ^ "Edward L. Jackson". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
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