Ebira language
| Ebira | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Kogi state, Nassarawa state, FCT, Kwara state, Niger State, Benue state, Edo state, Ondo State |
| Ethnicity | Ebira |
Native speakers | 2.2 million (2020)[1] |
Niger–Congo?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | igb |
| Glottolog | ebir1243 |
Ebira (pronounced as /eh 'bi ra/; with the Central known as Okene[2] It is spoken by around 2 million people in middle belt Nigeria. It is the most divergent language.[2]
Geographic distribution
[edit]The majority of speakers are in Kogi State in the Central part of that state; constituting the second largest ethnic group according to national population commission census 2006 Nasarawa State in Toto Local Government Area, where the name is usually spelt Egbura; Edo State in the Town of Igarra, where the language is usually known as Etuno; and in the Federal Capital Territory in the Town of Abaji. It is also spoken in Lapai (Niger State), Makurdi (Benue State and Kwara State and some are also found in Ondo State (Akoko).
Dialects
[edit]Varieties of Ebira are:[2]
- Tao dialect, the more prominent dialect used in media and publishing. It is spoken to the west of the Niger-Benue confluence
- Koto (Okpoto) dialect, spoken to the northeast of the Niger-Benue confluence. It is known only from a wordlist in Sterk (1978a).
Blench (2019) lists Okene, Etuno (Tụnọ), and Koto.[3]
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ɕ | k | |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʑ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | (ʃ) | h | ||
| voiced | v | z | (ʒ) | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Approximant | w | (l) | j | |||
- Sounds /s, z/ are heard as [ʃ, ʒ] when before a front-close vowel in syllable-initial position.
- [l] is in free variation with /ɾ/.
- Voiceless sounds /p, t, k/ can also be heard as slightly aspirated [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ].[4]
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
References
[edit]- ^ Ebira at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ a b c Blench, Roger. 2013. The Nupoid languages of west-central Nigeria: overview and comparative word list.
- ^ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ^ Adive, John R. (1984). A descriptive study of the verbal piece in Ebira (a language of Kwara State of Nigeria). University of London.
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