Hypsocormus

Hypsocormus; Temporal range: Callovian–Tithonian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Hypsocormus insignis (top) and Hypsocormus posterodorsalis (bottom)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Pachycormiformes
Family:	†Pachycormidae
Genus:	†Hypsocormus; Wagner, 1863
Species
	Hypsocormus insignis (Wagner, 1860); Hypsocormus posterodorsalis Maxwell et al. 2020;

Hypsocormus (from Greek: ῠ̔́ψος húpsos, 'height' and Greek: κορμός kormós 'timber log') is an extinct genus of pachycormid fish from the Middle to Late Jurassic of Europe. Fossils have been found in Germany, France and the UK.

Taxonomy

The type species, H. insignis, was originally described by Johann Andreas Wagner in 1860 from the Upper Jurassic plattenkalk limestones of Bavaria, Germany, and placed into the new genus Hypsocormus by Wagner in a posthumous publication in 1863.^[1] A second valid species, Hypsocormus posterodorsalis was named by Maxwell and colleagues in 2020 from the same deposits. The species "Hypsocormus macrodon" Wagner 1863 from the Upper Jurassic of Germany has been moved to a separate genus and renamed Simocormus macrolepidotus.^[1] The species "Hypsocormus" tenuirostris from the Middle Jurassic of England is more similar to Orthocormus, and thus has often been referred to as Orthocormus? tenuirostris.^[1]

Description

Hypsocormus was a fast-swimming predatory fish about 1 metre (3.3 ft) long, with a half moon-shaped caudal fin similar to that of a modern mackerel. It had a single dorsal fin, elongated pectoral fins and tiny pelvic fins about halfway down the body. An early teleost, Hypsocormus was still primitive, possessing primitive traits such as armored scales. These were, however, small compared with those of earlier fish, allowing greater flexibility. Its jaws were muscular and highly developed, giving it a powerful bite.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Maxwell, Erin; Lambers, Paul; Lopez-Arbarello, Adriana; Schweigert, Günter (2020). "Re-evaluation of pachycormid fishes from the Late Jurassic of Southwestern Germany". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00749.2020. ISSN 0567-7920. S2CID 221691151.
^ Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 38. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.