Flashback (1992 video game)

Flashback
Original Amiga cover art
Developer(s)	Delphine Software International Tiertex (SNES, PC-CD, 3DO, CD-i, Jaguar) Chui (Dreamcast)
Publisher(s)	U.S. Gold JoshProd (Dreamcast) Microids (Switch)
Director(s)	Paul Cuisset
Designer(s)	Paul Cuisset
Composer(s)	Jean Baudlot Raphaël Gesqua Fabrice Visserot
Platform(s)	Amiga, Acorn Archimedes, Mega Drive/Genesis, MS-DOS, NEC PC-9801, Super NES, Sega CD, FM Towns, 3DO, CD-i, Atari Jaguar, Mac OS, iOS, Symbian, Maemo, Dreamcast, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
Release	1992 1993 (MS-DOS, SNES, Acorn Archimedes, Sega Genesis) March 1995 (CD-i)[1]
Genre(s)	Cinematic platformer
Mode(s)	Single-player

Flashback, released as Flashback: The Quest for Identity in the United States, is a 1992 science fiction cinematic platform game developed by Delphine Software of France and published by U.S. Gold in the United States and Europe, and Sunsoft in Japan.

The game was directed, written/designed and partially programmed by Paul Cuisset, who had previously created the adventure game Future Wars. Flashback was initially released for the Amiga in 1992, although originally created for the Mega Drive/Genesis.^[2] The Mega Drive/Genesis version was not released until 1993. Flashback was also ported to MS-DOS, Acorn Archimedes and Super NES in 1993. CD-ROM versions of Flashback for the Sega CD, 3DO, CD-i, MS-DOS, Apple Macintosh and the FM Towns were released during 1994 and 1995, together with a cartridge version for the Atari Jaguar in 1995. In 2017, the game was released worldwide on the Sega Dreamcast featuring graphic assets and cutscenes taken from the MS-DOS version and music from the Amiga version.^[3] An updated port titled Flashback: Remastered Edition was released for Nintendo Switch on June 7, 2018, for PlayStation 4 on November 20, 2018, and for Windows on November 29, 2018.

Originally advertised as a "CD-ROM game on a cartridge", the game features fully hand-drawn backdrops and all animation is rotoscoped, giving movements an unusual fluidity, similar to that of the earlier Prince of Persia. The capture technique of Flashback was invented independently of Prince of Persia and used a more complicated method of first tracing video images onto transparencies.

The game was a commercial and critical success and was listed in the Guinness World Records as the best-selling French game of all time. It was followed by a sequel titled Fade to Black in 1995. In 2013, a Flashback remake by VectorCell was released for the PC and consoles.

A new sequel, Flashback 2, was announced by Microids in May 2021. It was released on November 16, 2023, for the PlayStation 5, Windows and Xbox Series X/S, with previous generation consoles getting their release early 2024. It is a prequel set eight years before the original.

As a cinematic platformer, Flashback features gameplay similar to that of 1989's Prince of Persia, and Delphine's own Another World released in 1991. Each level spans a large number of non-scrolling screens, nearly all of which feature multiple levels of altitude – requiring the player character Conrad to jump, grab onto ledges, climb, use elevators, and drop onto lower levels. Conrad exhibits realistic human running speed and jumping ability, as well as realistic weakness – he will die if he falls from too great a height.

Conrad also carries a pistol with unlimited ammunition; a force shield, which absorbs a certain number of shots before needing recharging, acting as Conrad's health (how many attacks he can survive before dying); and a portable force field with unlimited use, which can act as a temporary barrier to block enemies' shots.

As Conrad progresses through the game's seven levels, he is increasingly presented with spatial puzzles, requiring the player to discover how to guide him toward his destination. Late in the game, Conrad receives a teleportation device, and is able to progress by throwing the device and teleporting into otherwise unreachable areas.

In the year 2142, intelligence agent Conrad B. Hart awakens in a jungle on the planet Titan, with no memory of how he got there. While exploring his surroundings, Conrad comes across a recording containing a message made by himself, advising him to find his friend Ian in the city of New Washington on the planet. Making his way there, Conrad arrives to find Ian being attacked by the local police for unknown reasons. After saving them, Ian uses a regenerator device to restore Conrad's memories, using a digital copy that Conrad had sent them.

The device causes Conrad to recall that he had recently made a visor designed for analysing the density of molecular structures in organic life, but through its use had inadvertently discovered an alien species called Morphs had infiltrated human society. Fearful of what they were doing, Conrad sent a copy of his memories to Conrad as a precaution, before attempting to warn the authorities, only to be caught by the Morphs who erased all knowledge of their existence from his mind and attempted to get rid of him.

Seeking to uncover more, Conrad vows to return to Earth to inform his superiors, but is informed by Ian his only hope of leaving Titan is to win a ticket in a gladiatorial deathmatch game known as "Death Tower", alongside acquiring forged papers - the latter requiring Conrad to take on a series of dangerous jobs around New Washington. After acquiring both, Conrad returns to Earth, but finds that Morph infiltrators were prepared, forcing him to defend himself while breaching their hideout under a local nightclub.

Inside the hideout, Conrad spies on a group of Morphs through a vent, hearing them discussing their plan to conquer Earth thanks to their subtle efforts to give them new technology they can utilize. Unfortunately, the vent gives way, causing Conrad to be captured. Managing to escape, he fights his way through the hideout, eventually uncovering a teleport to the Morphs' home planet. Determined to stop them, he comes across a human prisoner named Phillip Howard Clark, who the Morphs had been using for their own ends.

Agreeing to free him, Conrad opens his cell, but is powerless to stop a Morph executing Phillip. Before dying, they hand him an atomic charge. Uncovering his diary, Conrad learns Phillip had been manipulated to help the Morphs plans for conquering humanity, and had thus sent blueprints for the visor technology to Titan, hoping someone would attempt to recreate it. Conrad learns that the atomic charge he was given was designed to destroy the "Master Brain", an entity that controls the Morphs deep within the planet's core.

Forcing it to become active and expose itself, and guided by Phillip's voice, Conrad plants the charge on an unstable platform above the core, and then forces the Master Brain to trigger a tremor, leading to the charge dropping into the core. Conrad then escapes with a Morph's spacecraft moments before the planet is destroyed. Unable to navigate back home due to the galaxy he is now in, Conrad puts himself in suspended animation while his ship drifts into space, leading up to the events of Fade to Black.

The PC version has an extended introductory sequence and more minor cut scenes than the Amiga version, such as when picking up items. In the Amiga version, the user can see these scenes by enabling them (although with few seconds of delay every time the animations load) or by playing the game entirely from the hard drive. The Amiga version also had an option to zoom in on the action whenever Conrad opens fire. Due to criticism of the look, it was removed from all other versions, although an option to play the game zoomed in remained in the PC version. The message that Conrad writes in the ending was also different in this release.^[4]

The game was originally released on 3.5" floppy disk for MS-DOS. The re-release on CD-ROM for the Sega CD (later adapted to the PC CD-ROM, 3DO and CD-i) featured redone pre-rendered cinematic FMVs with voice acting and sound effects. The Sega CD version also has voice work for gameplay and CD tracks for each level which were not carried to the other CD-ROM conversions. The Jaguar port has the title screen that these versions have, but the music is different and the cutscenes are as on the original releases.

In 2013, Paul Cuisset told Retro Gamer: "The best version for me is the Mega Drive version. The game was created for this platform".^[2]

In North America, the Genesis, Super NES and Sega CD versions featured a Marvel comic book within the manual in order to explain the initial story. The PAL releases of the Mega Drive and Super NES versions (there was no Mega CD version in the PAL region) omitted the comic and instead featured a textual prologue. The Super NES port featured some minor censorship due to Nintendo's content guidelines at the time. Changes included New Washington's bar becoming a cafe and Death Tower being renamed Cyber Tower, while the enemy mutants (who had natural skin colors in other versions) were recolored green.

A two-track CD soundtrack was released featuring music inspired by the game, but not directly from it.^[5]

Flashback, along with Another World, shipped as a single retail package by Microids for the PlayStation 4, Switch and Xbox One in Europe on April 16, 2020.^[6]

Flashback sold roughly 750,000 copies by 1995.^[22]

Computer Gaming World approved of Flashback's "superbly rotoscoped graphics", "fluid movement" and sound card audio. While criticizing the awkward interface and use of save points, the magazine concluded that it "is an excellent game that truly creates a sense of reality".^[23] Electronic Gaming Monthly praised the SNES version for having improved graphics and music over the Genesis version. They remarked that Flashback is slow-paced at times, but retains the player's interest through its compelling plot and involving puzzles.^[8] MegaTech magazine conceded that although there were "five big levels", finishing the game did not take very long.^[14] Nintendo Power praised the graphics, story and animation, calling it "almost cinematic" while noting that the play control takes "some getting used to".^[24]

Electronic Gaming Monthly commented that the Sega CD version is "virtually identical" to the Genesis version, but that Flashback is still an essential purchase for those who do not already own a different version.^[9] GamePro, in contrast, argued that the reworked cutscenes "look so awesome that even gamers who've already completed this game on another platform will want to play it again just to see all the new CD footage". They also praised the addition of a CD-quality soundtrack and voices.^[25] A reviewer for Next Generation acknowledged that the Sega CD version makes considerable improvements, but argued that they are all standard cartridge-to-Sega CD enhancements which have no impact on the gameplay. However, he lauded Flashback itself for its graphics, animation and "fiendishly clever puzzles", and said that though the game superficially resembles Another World and Heart of the Alien, it is "in a class by itself that easily surpasses them".^[10] Entertainment Weekly similarly said that Flashback itself still held up well, but that the Sega CD version's improvements seem less significant than its frequent load times.^[13] Reviewing the Jaguar version, GamePro noted that it was merely a straight port with no enhancements to take advantage of the hardware, but that "the game is no less enjoyable" than when it was first released to game consoles over a year before.^[26]

Reviewing the Macintosh version in Next Generation, a critic applauded the game's animation, story sequences, plot, level design and longevity.^[12]

Next Generation reviewed the 3DO version of the game, and stated that "this title is still the same great game that we've been looking at for a couple of years. And one last note, the 3DO controller, for once, doesn't interfere (much) with the game's demanding control scheme."^[11]

Flashback was listed in the Guinness World Records as the best-selling French game of all time.^[27] The Mega Drive version became a bestseller.^[28]

In 1994, Mega placed the game at number eight in their list of top Mega Drive games of all time.^[29] In 1997, Electronic Gaming Monthly listed the Genesis version as number 92 on their "100 Best Games of All Time", calling it "a strong package that is fun to play even today. Flashback makes us feel like we're in that alien world, and with its lifelike animation and excellent moves, we can't help but love it."^[30] In February 2011, Wirtualna Polska ranked it as the 17th best Amiga game^[31] and the Polish edition of CHIP ranked it as the tenth best Amiga game.^[32] In 2004, readers of Retro Gamer voted Flashback as the 65th top retro game.^[33] In 1994, PC Gamer UK named Flashback the 17th best computer game of all time. The editors wrote, "Flashback proves that, when it comes to producing original, stylish and challenging games, there are few more adept than the French."^[34] IGN rated the game #79th on their "Top 100 SNES Games of All Time".^[35] In 2018, Complex listed the game 43rd in their "The Best Super Nintendo Games of All Time."^[36] In 1995, Total! placed the game 24th on their Top 100 SNES Games. The lauded the rotoscoped graphics saying at the time "the most realistic animation ever seen in a platformer". They also praised the combination of action and adventure style puzzle challenges, summarizing: "The game itself is a [..] of an experience and the excellent plot also keeps the whole thing incredibly atmospheric."^[37] In the same year, Flux ranked Flashback tenth on its "Top 100 Video Games."^[38] In 1996, GamesMaster listed the Mega Drive version 59th in its "Top 100 Games of All Time."^[39]

REminiscence, a game engine recreation, was created in 2005^[40] by Gregory Montoir (cyx). The engine is available for AmigaOS 4, Dreamcast, GP2X, iPhone, Linux, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Maemo, MorphOS, Nintendo DS, Wii, Palm OS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, Sega Saturn and Windows CE. There is also one for the Xbox 360 by MagicSeb.^[41] A port for Symbian and Maemo 5 by Ronen K is available.^[42][43]

A 2013 remake was released after being announced on April 11, 2013, with a reveal trailer.^[44]

A sequel titled Fade to Black was produced by Delphine Software International in 1995 for the PC and PlayStation as a 3D game. A third game in the series, Flashback Legend, was in development by both Delphine Software International and Adeline Software International for a planned release in 2003, but was cancelled when the company went bankrupt and ceased operations at the end of 2002.

In early 2013, a game titled Flashback Origins was rumored to be in development, with the French website Gameblog stating that €300,000 of government funding had been granted to Cuisset's VectorCell in 2011.^[44][45]

In May 2021, Flashback 2 was announced for personal computers and multiple consoles. The game was developed by Microids who did not specify how the game would be connected, if at all, to Fade to Black.^[46][47] The game was released on November 16, 2023, for the PlayStation 5, Windows and Xbox Series X/S, with previous generation consoles getting their release in early 2024. As players and critics now had the game's actual story in their hands, it turns out that Flashback 2 is actually a prequel - set eight years before the original.^[48]

• Flashback: The Quest for Identity at MobyGames