FitzAlan

FitzAlan is an English patronymic surname of Anglo-Norman origin, descending from the Breton knight Alan fitz Flaad (died 1120), who accompanied king Henry I to England on his succession. He was grandson of the Seneschal of the Bishop of Dol. The FitzAlan family shared a common patrilineal ancestry with the House of Stuart.

The FitzAlans held the Earldom of Arundel from 1267 to 1580.

Variants of this surname include Fitz-Alan, Fitzalan, Fitzallen, and Fitz Alan. The noble family of bearing this surname would eventually abandon their patronymic in favor of a toponymic surname, Arundel or Arundell, a reference to their title in the Peerage of England, but use of the FitzAlan surname is often retained in the historical literature.

Notable people with the surname FitzAlan include:^[1]

• Walter Fitz Alan (died 1177)
• William FitzAlan, Lord of Oswestry (1085–1160), an important Marcher lord and supporter of Empress Matilda, elder brother of Walter Fitz Alan.
• William Fitz Alan, 1st Lord of Oswestry and Clun (died 1210), son of William FitzAlan, Lord of Oswestry, and a Marcher lord under the early Plantagenet kings.
• William Fitz Alan, 2nd Lord of Oswestry and Clun (died 1215), son of William Fitz Alan, 1st Lord of Oswestry and Clun; he came into conflict with King John.
• John Fitzalan, 3rd Lord of Oswestry and Clun (1200–1240), son of William Fitz Alan, 1st Lord of Oswestry and Clun; he married into the d'Aubigny family, thus acquiring the Arundel earldom for the FitzAlans.
• John FitzAlan 6th Earl of Arundel (1223–1267)
• John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel (1246–1272)
• Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel (1267–1302), who received a writ in 1289, at his majority, summoning him to Parliament; this is thought to perhaps be a creation of another Earldom of Arundel.^[2]
• Richard FitzAlan, 1st or 8th Earl of Arundel (1267–1302)
• Edmund FitzAlan, 2nd or 9th Earl of Arundel (1285–1326) (forfeit 1326)
• Richard FitzAlan, 3rd or 10th Earl of Arundel (1313–1376) (restored 1331)
• Richard FitzAlan, 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel (1346–1397) (forfeit 1397)
• Thomas FitzAlan, 5th or 12th Earl of Arundel (1381–1415) (restored 1400)
• John FitzAlan, 6th or 13th Earl of Arundel (1385–1421)
• John FitzAlan, 7th or 14th Earl of Arundel (1408–1435)
• Humphrey FitzAlan, 8th or 15th Earl of Arundel (1429–1438)
• William FitzAlan, 9th or 16th Earl of Arundel (1417–1487)
• Thomas FitzAlan, 10th or 17th Earl of Arundel (1450–1524)
• William FitzAlan, 11th or 18th Earl of Arundel (1476–1544)
• Henry FitzAlan, 12th or 19th Earl of Arundel (1512–1580)
• Eleanor FitzAlan (ca. 1284 – ca. 1328)
• Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan (died 1306)
• Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan (1366–1425)
• Thomas FitzAlan (died 1430), English knight

Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk (1815–1860), the 13th Earl of Arundel of the Fourth Creation (1580), revived the use of the Fitzalan surname in the hyphenated form "Fitzalan-Howard". Edmund FitzAlan-Howard (1855–1947), son of the 14th Duke of Norfolk was raised up to the Peerage as "Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent" in 1921 when he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Lady Marcia Fitzalan-Howard (born 1953), daughter of the 17th Duke of Norfolk, uses the stage name Marsha Fitzalan as an actress.

Alan's role was formerly obscure because of the political implications of examining the origins of the Stewart dynasty. Holinshed, deriving his information from the work of Hector Boece, asserted that Banquo, Thane of Lochaber, was the ancestor of the Stewarts.^[3] Distorting the role of Banquo, who is presented by Holinshed as Macbeth's chief accomplice in regicide,^[4] William Shakespeare presented him flatteringly in Macbeth as a martyred ancestor of James VI of Scotland and I of England. These legends, accepted as history, became part of the foundation narrative of the Stewarts and forced later writers to trace the Stewart ancestry through Fleance, Banquo's son. David Symson, the Historiographer Royal of Scotland, in a work dedicated to Queen Anne, followed the chroniclers in having Fleance marry a daughter of the Welsh ruler Gruffydd ap Llywelyn,^[5] and then introduced Walter as his son^[6] and Alan fitz Walter, 2nd High Steward of Scotland as his grandson.^[7] However, this greatly distorted the chronology, forcing Symson to transpose Alan Fitz Walter, actually born around 1140, to about 1073. This created a gap in the record, which was filled by multiplying the Alans and Walters in the Stewart line.

David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes, in his Annals of Scotland, published in the 1770s, went some way to establish a convincing chronology for Walter Fitz Alan, who, he asserted, belonged to the reign of David I of Scotland (1124–53) and his successor, Malcolm IV. Moreover, he was the first of the Stewarts: there were none in the reign of Malcolm III (1058–93), as Symson had been forced to maintain.^[8] He went on to demolish the legendary background to the Stewarts, which he described as "flattering and ignorant fictions". He showed that there was a need to distinguish the various Alans who were connected with the Stewart line, something he was unembarrassed to be unable to do:

Some of my readers may demand, "Who then was Alan the father of Walter, Stewart of Scotland in the reign of Malcolm IV?" ... In the reign of David I, before the middle of the twelfth century, the family of the Stewarts was opulent and powerful. It may, therefore, have subsisted for many ages previous to that time; but when, and what was its commencement, we cannot determine.^[9]

Andrew Stuart, a notable Scottish MP, accepted Dalrymple's critical work on the legendary ancestors, although he included among these a crusader Alan who was subsequently to emerge as genuine.^[10] He sought to establish a definite chronological framework, placing Walter Fitz Alan's death in 1177.

Not until the first decade of the 19th century did George Chalmers definitely prove that Walter Fitz Alan, an acknowledged link in the Stewart ancestry, came from Shropshire and was actually the son of Alan Fitz Flaad. This finally established Alan Fitz Flaad's existence and importance and confirmed the kinship between the Stewarts and the FitzAlan Earls of Arundel.^[11] Even then, the legendary background took almost a century to fade. In 1858, Robert William Eyton, the distinguished historian of Shropshire, while clarifying Alan Fitz Flaad's connection with the county and details of his marriage, still tried to maintain a link with the legendary Banquo,^[12] and even surmised that Flaad was actually Fleance.^[13]

After an anonymous work of 1874 drew attention to a strong connection between Alan Fitz Flaad and Brittany, and confirmed Flaad's relationship to Alan the Seneschal,^[14] J. Horace Round definitively established and publicized Alan Fitz Flaad's true Breton origins in 1901 in a collection of genealogical essays. Alan's father, Flaad (rendered in numerous ways, including Flaald and Flathald), was a son (or possibly a brother) of Alain, dapifer to the Ancient Diocese of Dol,^[15] with its see at Dol-de-Bretagne, who had taken part in the First Crusade in 1097.^[16] "Alan Dapifer" is found as a witness in 1086 to a charter relating to Mezuoit, a cell near Dol of the Abbey of Saint-Florent de Saumur. The area of Dol is near Mont-Saint-Michel and has figured in the history of the Duchy of Brittany since at least the rule of Nominoe. Round's genealogy was confirmed in 1904 by Sir James Balfour Paul, then Lord Lyon King of Arms, who, in a definitive work, The Scots Peerage, stated that "the Stewarts or Stuarts are of Breton origin, descended from a family which held the office of Seneschal or Steward of Dol."^[17] He then reinstated Alan Fitz Flaad to his place in the ancestry of the Scottish royal family and gave a summary of what was known of his career.

Round provided a family tree^[18] to embody his essential findings, which is adapted below.

See also: Category: FitzAlan arms

Figure	Name of Noble and blazon
	John FitzAlan (died 1267), 6th Earl of Arundel Gules, lion rampant or
	Richard FitzAlan (1306–1376 at Arundel Castle in Sussex), 10th Earl of Arundel Quarterly: 1st and 4th: gules, lion passant or; 2nd and 3rd, chequy azure and or (Warenne).[19]
	John FitzAlan (1365–1391), Lord Maltravers Quarterly: 1st and 4th, gules, a lion rampant or; 2nd and 3rd: fretty sable and or
	Thomas FitzAlan (died 1524), 10th Earl of Arundel Quarterly: 1st and 4th, gules a lion rampant or, 2nd and 3rd: sable a fret or.

Surname list

This page lists people with the surname FitzAlan.
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