Essex and Kent Scottish

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The Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment
The cap badge of the Essex and Kent Scottish
Active	12 June 1885 -
Country	Canada
Branch	Primary Reserve
Type	Line infantry
Role	Light infantry
Size	One battalion
Part of	Royal Canadian Infantry Corps
Garrison/HQ	Windsor, Ontario
Nickname(s)	"The Detroit Scottish"
Motto(s)	Semper paratus (Latin for 'always ready')
March	"Highland Laddie", "A Hundred Pipers"
Engagements	War of 1812 First World War Second World War War in Afghanistan
Battle honours	See #Battle honours
Commanders
Current commander	LCol Gord Prentice
Colonel-in-Chief	Prince Michael of Kent
Insignia
Tartan	Based upon the MacGregor

The Essex and Kent Scottish is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army.

The regiment was formed in 1954 by the amalgamation of The Essex Scottish Regiment and The Kent Regiment.

Its colonel-in-chief is Prince Michael of Kent. The current commanding officer is Lieutenant-Colonel Gord Prentice (from Sep 2019). The regimental sergeant major is CWO Jeremy Clark.

There are two standing platoons within the regiment: 1 Platoon based in Windsor, Ontario; and 2 Platoon, based in Chatham-Kent, Ontario.

• 
  The pre-2023 regimental colour
• 
  The camp flag

On June 12, 1885, The Essex Scottish Regiment was created as a part of the Canadian militia, then named the 21st Essex Battalion of Infantry. It would be composed of five infantry companies, which were formed between the years 1860 and 1885 in Essex County. Major John Richardson of Leamington Ontario was the first commanding officer of this regiment. It is from this date that the unbroken lineage of the Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment begins.

Over the following decades, the name of this regiment changed several times. On 4 February 1887 it was renamed the 21st battalion Essex Fusiliers. On 8 May 1900, the name was changed again to the 21st Regiment Essex Fusiliers. The final name for this regiment was the Essex Scottish Regiment, which took effect on 15 July 1927.

Before the First World War, the regiment did not see combat as a whole. Although it did not see any real action, it trained hard to go to war during the North-West Rebellion led by Louis Riel in 1885, and in 1900 during the Second Boer War it also sent men to South Africa. Over 100 men of the 21st Battalion Essex Fusiliers volunteered to serve there, but only 16 positions were given to the regiment. This small group of men was to serve with the 2nd Special Service Battalion of the Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry. Of the sixteen men sent to Africa, two did not return.^[1]

The regiment in Kent County was known as the 24th Kent Regiment. Prior to 1901, this regiment had been created and disbanded several times. It was not until 1 January 1901, with the increasing number of troops being sent to South Africa to fight in the Second Boer War, that the regiment was created permanently, with its headquarters in Chatham, Ontario. Seven of its men went to fight in the Boer War, of whom one did not return. Like the Essex Fusiliers, the Kent Regiment was also renamed several times. In December 1936, it was re-designated as the Kent Regiment (MG), which meant it was now a machine gun regiment, and not a light infantry regiment. Eventually, it was renamed as The Kent Regiment on 1 April 1941.^[1]

Lineage chart[2]

1812 The Loyal Essex Volunteers (Essex Rangers) The Loyal Kent Volunteers (Kent Rangers) The Western Rangers (Caldwell's Rangers) 1st and 2nd Regts of Essex Militia 1st Regt of Kent Militia 1815 Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded 1885 21st "Essex" Bn of Infy 1887 21st Bn "Essex Fusiliers" 1900 21st Regt "Essex Fusiliers" 1901 24th "Kent" Regt 1914 18th Bn, CEF 1915 99th "Overseas" Bn, CEF 1916 Absorbed by 35th Reserve Bn, CEF 241st "Overseas" Bn, CEF 186th "Overseas" Bn, CEF 1917 Absorbed by 5th Reserve Bn, CEF Absorbed by 4th Reserve Bn, CEF 1920 Disbanded 1st Bn (18th Bn, CEF), The Essex Fusiliers 2nd Bn (99th Bn, CEF),[a] The Essex Fusiliers 3rd Bn (241st Bn, CEF),[a] The Essex Fusiliers 1st Bn (186th Bn, CEF), The Kent Regt 2nd Bn,[a] The Kent Regt 1927 1st Bn (18th Bn, CEF), The Essex Scottish 2nd Bn (99th Bn, CEF), The Essex Scottish 3rd Bn (241st Bn, CEF), The Essex Scottish B Coy, 2nd MG Bn, CMGC 1936 Disbanded Disbanded Disbanded 1936 The Essex Scottish The Kent Regt (MG) 1939 The Essex Scottish Regt, CASF 1940 The Kent Regt, CASF 1940 1st Bn, The Essex Scottish Regt, CASF 2nd Bn, The Essex Scottish 1st Bn, The Kent Regt, CASF 1941 2nd (Reserve) Bn, The Kent Regt (MG) 1941 2nd (Reserve) Bn, The Kent Regt 1945 Disbanded The Essex Scottish 1946 Disbanded The Kent Regt 1954 The Essex and Kent Scottish 1962 1st Bn, The Essex and Kent Scottish 2nd Bn, The Essex and Kent Scottish 1965 The Essex and Kent Scottish 2012

The Essex and Kent Scottish perpetuate the following units:

• 1st and 2nd Regiments of the Essex Militia
• the 1st Regiment of the Kent Militia
• the Loyal Kent Volunteers
• the Loyal Essex Volunteers (Essex Rangers)
• the Western Rangers (Caldwell's Rangers).

Further discussion of perpetuated units see: Canadian Units of the War of 1812

The Essex and Kent Scottish perpetuate the following units:

• 18th Battalion (Western Ontario), CEF
• 99th (Essex) Battalion, CEF
• 186th (Kent) Battalion, CEF
• 241st Battalion (Canadian Scottish Borderers), CEF.

During the Great War details of the 21st Regiment Essex Fusiliers and 24th Kent Regiment, which included hundreds of men, were placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for local protection duties.

The 18th Battalion (Western Ontario), CEF was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Great Britain on 18 April 1915 and arrived in France on 15 September 1915. The battalion fought as part of the 4th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war and was disbanded on 15 September 1920.

The 99th Battalion was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Great Britain on 31 May 1916 where its personnel were absorbed by the '35th Reserve Battalion, CEF' to provide reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field on 6 July 1916. The battalion was disbanded on 1 September 1917.

The 186th Battalion was authorized on 15 July 1916 and embarked for Great Britain on 28 March 1917 where on 7 April 1917, its personnel were absorbed by the 4th Reserve Battalion, CEF, to provide reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field, with the battalion sisbanding on 15 September 1917.

The 241st Battalion was authorized on 15 July 1916 and embarked for Great Britain on 29 April 1917 where on 7 May 1917 its personnel were absorbed by the 5th Reserve Battalion, CEF, to provide reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion disbanded on 1 September 1917.

The timeline for these battalions are as follows; Canada: October 1, 1914 - April 18, 1915, England: April 29, 1915 - September 14, 1915, France: September 15, 1915 - April 3, 1919, Canada: returned May 14, 1919. Some of the major battles these battalions took part in were; Ypres 1915, 1917; Festubert 1915; Mount Sorrel; Somme 1916; Flers Courcelette; Thiepval; Ancre Heights; Arras 1917; Vimy 1917; Hill 70: Passchendaele; Amiens; Scarpe 1918; Hindenburg Line; Canal du Nord; Cambrai 1918; Pursuit to Mons; France and Flanders 1915-1918^[3]

During the Second World War, The Essex Scottish mobilized the Essex Scottish Regiment, CASF, for active service on 1 September 1939. It embarked for Great Britain on 16 July 1940 and was re-designated the 1st Battalion, The Essex Scottish Regiment, CASF, on 7 November 1940.

The battalion took part in the raid on Dieppe on 19 August 1942. The Essex Scottish Regiment left France for the attack with 553 men all ranks. At the end of the battle the Essex Scottish had suffered 530 casualties including 6 officers and 108 other ranks killed, the rest being taken prisoner. After the battle the Essex Scottish spent a lot of time rebuilding the regiment so they could continue fighting throughout the war.

The unit returned to France on 5 July 1944, as part of the 4th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Infantry Division. They moved to Normandy in time to serve with the British 2nd Army. It then participated in the advance along the Channel coast with the Canadian 1st Army including the liberation of Dieppe. The division saw heavy action in the Netherlands in late 1944 and took part in the final offensives in 1945. Some of the engagements the Essex Scottish were a part of were; Bourguebus Ridge; St. André-sur-Orne; Falaise; Falaise Roa; Clair Tizon; Forêt de la Londe; The Scheldt; Woensdrecht; South Beveland; The Rhineland; Goch-Calcar Road; The Hochwald; Xanten; Twente Canal; Groningen; Oldenburg; North-West Europe 1942, 1944-1945.

The Kent Regiment (Machine Gun) mobilized The Kent Regiment, CASF, for active service on 24 May 1940 and was re-designated the 1st Battalion, The Kent Regiment, CASF, on 7 November 1940. It served in Canada as part of the 14th Infantry Brigade, 8th Canadian Infantry Division, which was part of Pacific Command. The battalion was disbanded on 30 March 1946.^[4]

On 8 July 1954 while the Essex Scottish Regiment and the Kent Regiment were on a training exercise in Niagara on the Lake the two units found out that they were going to be joined as one unit. However it would not become official until 1 October 1954 and The Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment was formed. The Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment were to have two battalions. The 1st Battalions Headquarters was in Windsor, while 2nd Battalion was stationed in Chatham. In 1964, The Canadian Forces Headquarters decided to make certain reductions and amalgamations within the Canadian Military structure. Many units in the Province of Ontario were affected by this decision, including The Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment. So, following new orders and protocol, the two battalions of the regiment amalgamated on March 31, 1965. This is the current structure of the regiment. When the two units first amalgamated there were several small issues which had to be resolved. First of all there were too many members in the unit by one full company. This meant that several of the officers and senior NCOs had to transfer to different units. One of the other problems was who would the commanding officer be for this new unit; however, it was soon made clear that even though the Kent Regiment had several qualified officers all of the future Commanding officers would be from Windsor because that is where the Regimental HQ would be located. One major event that happened in the first few years form the newly formed Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment which helped bring the two units together was the trooping of their first colours. This happened in Jackson Park in Windsor Ontario on 5 June 1955.^[5]

Today the Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment remains an active service unit in the Canadian army. It has sent many of its troops on United Nations peacekeeping missions, as well as over forty members to the recent conflict in Afghanistan.^[6][7] Members have also seen deployments to Lebanon (Operation Jade), Ukraine (Operation Unifier), Poland and Latvia (Operation Reassurance).

On 13 May 2023 in Windsor, Prince Michael of Kent, Colonel-in-Chief, presented new colours to the regiment, which were the first to include battle honours for the War of 1812 and Afghanistan. On 14 May, Prince Michael was in attendance as the old colours were laid up in Christ Church in Chatham.^[8]

Prince Michael of Kent is the present colonel-in-chief of The Essex and Kent Scottish, beginning on 14 November 2001. His first visit to his regiment was in March 2002, with subsequent visits in October 2007, June 2009, and May 2023. He also marked the 70th anniversary of the Dieppe Raid with the regiment in Dieppe, France, in August 2012.

Michael's father, Prince George, Duke of Kent, served as colonel-in-chief from 1937 to his death in 1942, after which Michael's mother, Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, took on the role, from 1942 to 1968.^[9]

•  United Kingdom - The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires)
•  United Kingdom - The Royal Anglian Regiment

In the list below, battle honours in small capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles. Battle honours in bold type are emblazoned on the regimental colour.

• 
  The pre-2023 regimental colour

The non-emblazonable honorary distinction Defence of Canada – 1812–1815 – Défense du Canada

• L/Sgt Ellis Wellwood Sifton
• Major Frederick Albert Tilston

There are four cadet corps affiliated to the regiment

• 59 Legion Highlander Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps (Chatham-Kent, Ontario)
• 1086 Walkerville Army Cadet Corps (Windsor, Ontario)
• 2715 Metropolitan Legion Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps (Windsor, Ontario)
• 2918 South Essex Scottish Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps (Kingsville, Ontario)

Site	Date(s) & Architect	Designated	Location	Description	Image
Maj FA Tilston VC Armoury, 4007 Sandwich Street, Windsor Ontario, N9C 1C3	2004	Windsor Military and Police Training Branch, Professional Advancement Facility	Windsor, Ontario	Housing The Essex and Kent Scottish (A COY, 1 PL), 31 Service Battalion, the Windsor Regiment and the Windsor Police Training Det. The building is complemented with a live fire shoot house, outdoor firing range, rappel tower, K-9 training site and indoor small arms trainer (S.A.T) range.
Col. E.M. Ansell, OBE, MC, VD Armoury, 280 Bloomfield Road, Chatham, Ontario, N7M 2P0		Armoury	Chatham, Ontario	Housing The Essex and Kent Scottish (A COY, 2 PL).
Former Home: Maj FA Tilston VC Armoury 353 Freedom Way, Windsor	1899-02 / David Ewart	Canada's Register of Historic Places	Windsor, Ontario	A two-storey, red brick Baronial style structure with a three-storey tower, centrally located in the city. It housed The Essex and Kent Scottish until 2004, when the new location was opened on Sandwich St.[15] The building is now owned by the University of Windsor.

• Canadian-Scottish regiment

• Barnes, RM, The Uniforms and History of the Scottish Regiments, London, Sphere Books Limited, 1972.