Earl of Holderness

The title Earl of Holderness also known as Holdernesse existed in the late 11th and early 12th centuries as a feudal lordship and was officially created three times in the Peerage of England namely in 1621, in 1644 as a subsidiary title to that of the then-Duke of Cumberland and in 1682. The official creations lasted 5, 38 and 96 years respectively.

The title was first held by Odo, Count of Champagne created Earl of Holderness (an area of land occupying the far east of East Yorkshire along the North Sea and Humber Estuary) by his brother-in-law William the Conqueror after the Norman Conquest. Odo was stripped of his English lands after being implicated in a plot to put his own son Stephen of Aumale upon the throne of England in place of his first cousin, William II. However, the title was restored to Stephen in 1089.^[1]

The first official creation, in 1621, along with the subsidiary title Baron Kingston upon Thames, of Kingston upon Thames in the County of Surrey, was in favour of John Ramsay, 1st Viscount of Haddington. As well as the Barony created with the Earldom, this Earl held the subsidiary titles Viscount of Haddington (1606), Lord Ramsay of Barns (1606) and Lord Ramsay of Melrose (1615), all in the Peerage of Scotland.^[1]

The second creation, in 1644, was as a subsidiary title of the Dukedom of Cumberland conferred on Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a nephew of King Charles I.^[1]

The third creation, in 1682, was in favour of Conyers Darcy, 2nd Baron Darcy and Conyers. In 1641, his father, Sir Conyers Darcy, had successfully petitioned King Charles I to be restored to the abeyant baronies of Darcy de Knayth (created 1332) and Conyers (created 1509), with remainder to his heirs male.^[2] These were considered new creations that became extinct upon the death of the 4th Earl of Holderness, at which time the earldom also became extinct. (The 1641 decision was reversed in 1903, however, and both baronies were restored to the original remainders, which could be inherited by daughters.)^[3]

• Odo, Count of Champagne, Earl of Holderness, Lord of Aumale (c.1046–1092)
• Stephen of Aumale, Earl of Holderness and Lord of Bitham, Count of Aumale (died 1127)

• John Ramsay, 1st Earl of Holderness (1580–1626)

• Prince Rupert of the Rhine, 1st Duke of Cumberland, 1st Earl of Holderness (1619–1682)

• Conyers Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy and Conyers (d. 1654)
• Conyers Darcy, 2nd Baron Darcy and Conyers (created Earl of Holderness in 1682), see below.

Extract of Gentleman's Magazine Sixteen Miles Round London, 1764 (map). The E. of Holderness words are for Syon Hill House or Sion Hill House (demolished before 1840), rebuilt by the last Earl of Holderness about 1755 as 'an elegant little villa', its garden "park" was laid out to the south, possibly by Capability Brown.^[4]

• Conyers Darcy, 1st Earl of Holderness (1599–1689)
• Conyers Darcy, 2nd Earl of Holderness (1620–1692)
• Robert Darcy, 3rd Earl of Holderness (1681–1722)
• Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness (1718–1778)