Dinitrobenzene
Dinitrobenzenes are nitrobenzenes composed of a benzene ring and two nitro group (-NO2) substituents. The three possible arrangements of the nitro groups afford three isomers, 1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and 1,4-dinitrobenzene. Each isomer has the chemical formula C6H4N2O4 and a molar mass of about 168.11 g/mol. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene is the most common isomer and it is used in the manufacture of explosives.
Properties
[edit]The dinitrobenzenes are all crystalline solids. The boiling points of the three isomers are relatively close; however, the melting points significantly differ. 1,4-Dinitrobenzene, which has the highest symmetry, has the highest melting point.
| Dinitrobenzenes | |||
| IUPAC name | 1,2-Dinitrobenzene | 1,3-Dinitrobenzene | 1,4-Dinitrobenzene |
| Other names | o-Dinitrobenzene | m-Dinitrobenzene | p-Dinitrobenzene |
| Chemical structure | 
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| CAS number | 528-29-0 | 99-65-0 | 100-25-4 |
| 25154-54-5 (Unspecified isomers)[1] | |||
| PubChem | CID 10707 from PubChem | CID 7452 from PubChem | CID 7492 from PubChem |
| Chemical formula | C6H4N2O4 | ||
| Molar mass | 168.11 g/mol | ||
| Magnetic Susceptibility | -65.98·10−6 cm3/mol | -70.53·10−6 cm3/mol | -68.30·10−6 cm3/mol |
| Physical state | solid | ||
| Appearance | white solid | yellowish solid | pale yellow solid[2] |
| Melting point | 118 °C[3] | 89.6 °C[4] | 174 °C[5] |
| Boiling point | 318 °C[3] | 297 °C[4] | 299 °C[6] |
| Density | 1.565 g/cm3 (17 °C)[6] | 1.575 g/cm3 (18 °C)[6] | 1.625 g/cm3 (18 °C)[6] |
| Vapor pressure | 0.08 Pa (30 °C)[7] | 0.07 Pa (30 °C)[7] | |
| 0.34 Pa (50 °C)[7] | 0.23 Pa (50 °C)[7] | ||
| Solubility | Insoluble in water | ||
| GHS hazards[8] |   
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| H phrases | H300, H310, H330, H373, H410 | ||
| P phrases | P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501 | ||
References
[edit]- ^ Record of CAS RN 25154-54-5 in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- ^ E. B. Starkey (1939). "P-DINITROBENZENE". Organic Syntheses. 19: 40. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.019.0040.
- ^ a b Record of CAS RN 528-29-0 in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 11 March 2008.
- ^ a b Record of CAS RN 99-65-0 in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 11 March 2008.
- ^ Record of CAS RN 100-25-4 in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 11 March 2008.
- ^ a b c d Brockhaus ABC Chemie, VEB F.A. Brockhaus Verlag, Leipzig 1971.
- ^ a b c d Félix-Rivera, Hilsamar (2011). "Triacetone triperoxide thermogravimetric study of vapor pressure and enthalpy of sublimation in 303–338K temperature range". Thermochimica Acta. 514 (1–2): 37–43. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2010.11.034.)
- ^ "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals" (pdf). 2021. Annex 3: Codification of Statements and Pictograms (pp 268–385).