Alabama's 1st congressional district

30°59′13.3″N 87°56′14.34″W / 30.987028°N 87.9373167°W / 30.987028; -87.9373167

Alabama's 1st congressional district
From 2023 to 2025 From 2025 Interactive map of district boundaries
Representative	Jerry Carl R–Mobile
Area	7,182 sq mi (18,600 km2)
Distribution	66.82% urban 33.18% rural
Population (2023)	735,510[1]
Median household income	$61,856[1]
Ethnicity	63.4% White 25.9% Black 3.9% Two or more races 3.8% Hispanic 1.5% Asian 1.1% Native American 0.4% other
Cook PVI	R+16[2]

Alabama's 1st congressional district is a United States congressional district in Alabama, which elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It includes the entirety of Washington, Mobile, Baldwin and Monroe counties, as well as most of Escambia County. The largest city in the district is Mobile.

It is currently represented by Republican Jerry Carl.

Mobile, Alabama, is the focus of this district, which extends north along the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers. Timber production remains the biggest source of contributions to the local economy, however recently gulf coast condominium developments in Baldwin county represent new economic possibilities.

Politically, this area was one of the first in Alabama to shake off its Democratic roots. It was one of five districts to swing Republican in 1964, when Barry Goldwater swept the state. The GOP has held the district in every House election since then, usually by landslide margins; indeed, a Democrat has only managed 40 percent of the vote once since the current GOP run began in the district. However, conservative Democrats continued to hold most state and local offices well into the 1990s.

It supported George W. Bush with 60% of the vote in 2000, and with 64% in 2004. In 2008, John McCain received 61.01% of the vote in the district while 38.38% supported Barack Obama.

The 1st district traditionally gives its representatives very long tenures in Washington: only nine people have represented the seat in Congress since 1897, with all but two holding the seat for at least 10 years.

The Allen v. Milligan ruling reshaped the 1st and 2nd districts; rather than splitting the southern border to an east and west district, 1st was changed to represent all south border counties as well as Coffee, Dale, and Henry Counties.

Since 2023, the following communities have had postal addresses within the 1st district.^[3][4]

Year	Office	Results
2000	President	Bush 60 - 38%
2004	President	Bush 64 - 35%
2008	President	McCain 61 - 39%
2012	President	Romney 62 - 37%
2016	President	Trump 64 - 34%
	Senate	Shelby 65.3% - 34.5%
2017	Senate (Spec.)	Moore 50.1% - 48.2%
2018	Governor	Ivey 60.6% - 39.3%
	Lt. Governor	Ainsworth 62.3% - 37.6%
	Attorney General	Marshall 59.7% - 40.2%
2020	President	Trump 64 - 35%
	Senate	Tuberville 60.9% - 39%
2022	Senate	Britt 69% - 29%

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	District location and map
District created March 4, 1823
Gabriel Moore (Huntsville)	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825	18th 19th 20th	Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1823. Re-elected in 1825. Re-elected in 1827. Retired.	1823–1833
	Jacksonian	March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1829
Clement Comer Clay (Huntsville)	Jacksonian	March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1835	21st 22nd 23rd	Elected in 1829. Re-elected in 1831. Re-elected in 1833. Retired to run for governor.
					1833–1841
Reuben Chapman (Somerville)	Jacksonian	March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837	24th 25th 26th	Elected in 1835. Re-elected in 1837. Re-elected in 1839. Redistricted to the at-large district.
	Democratic	March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841
District inactive		March 3, 1841 – March 3, 1843	27th	All representatives elected at-large.
James Dellet (Claiborne)	Whig	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1845	28th	Elected in 1843. Retired.	1843–1855
Edmund Strother Dargan (Mobile)	Democratic	March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1847	29th	Elected in 1845. Retired.
John Gayle (Mobile)	Whig	March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849	30th	Elected in 1847. Retired.
William J. Alston (Linden)	Whig	March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851	31st	Elected in 1849. Retired.
John Bragg (Mobile)	Democratic	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	32nd	Elected in 1851. Retired.
Philip Phillips (Mobile)	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	Elected in 1853. Retired.
Percy Walker (Mobile)	Know Nothing	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	34th	Elected in 1855. Retired.	1855–1863
James Adams Stallworth (Evergreen)	Democratic	March 4, 1857 – January 12, 1861	35th 36th	Elected in 1857. Re-elected in 1859. Withdrew due to Civil War.
Vacant		January 12, 1861 – July 22, 1868	36th 37th 38th 39th 40th	Civil War and Reconstruction
Francis William Kellogg (Mobile)	Republican	July 22, 1868 – March 3, 1869	40th	Elected in 1868 to finish term. Retired.	1863–1873
Alfred Eliab Buck (Mobile)	Republican	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1871	41st	Elected in 1868. Retired.
Benjamin S. Turner (Selma)	Republican	March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873	42nd	Elected in 1870. Lost re-election.
Frederick George Bromberg (Mobile)	Liberal Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	43rd	Elected in 1872. Lost re-election.	1873–1877
Jeremiah Haralson (Selma)	Republican	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1877	44th	Elected in 1874. Redistricted to the 4th district and lost re-election.
James T. Jones (Demopolis)	Democratic	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879	45th	Elected in 1876. Lost renomination.	1877–1933
Thomas H. Herndon (Mobile)	Democratic	March 4, 1879 – March 28, 1883	46th 47th 48th	Elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Died.
Vacant		March 28, 1883 – December 3, 1883	48th
James T. Jones (Demopolis)	Democratic	December 3, 1883 – March 3, 1889	48th 49th 50th	Elected to finish Herndon's term. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Retired.
Richard Henry Clarke (Mobile)	Democratic	March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1897	51st 52nd 53rd 54th	Elected in 1888. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Retired to run for Governor.
George W. Taylor (Demopolis)	Democratic	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1915	55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd	Elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Re-elected in 1912. Retired.
Oscar Lee Gray (Butler)	Democratic	March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1919	64th 65th	Elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Retired.
John McDuffie (Monroeville)	Democratic	March 4, 1919 – March 2, 1935	66th 67th 68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th	Elected in 1918. Re-elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934 Resigned to become U.S. District Judge.
					1933–1963
Vacant		March 2, 1935 – July 30, 1935	74th
Frank W. Boykin (Mobile)	Democratic	July 30, 1935 – January 3, 1963	74th 75th 76th 77th 78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th	Elected to finish McDuffie's term. Re-elected in 1936. Re-elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Redistricted to the at-large district and lost renomination.
District inactive		January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1965	88th	All representatives elected at-large.
Jack Edwards (Mobile)	Republican	January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1985	89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th	Elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Re-elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Retired.	1965–1983
					1983–1993
Sonny Callahan (Mobile)	Republican	January 3, 1985 – January 3, 2003	99th 100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th	Elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Retired.
					1993–2003
Jo Bonner (Mobile)	Republican	January 3, 2003 – August 2, 2013	108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th	Elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Resigned to become vice-chancellor in University of Alabama System.[5]	2003–2013
					2013–2023
Vacant		August 2, 2013 – January 8, 2014	113th
Bradley Byrne (Fairhope)	Republican	January 8, 2014 – January 3, 2021	113th 114th 115th 116th	Elected to finish Bonner's term. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Jerry Carl (Mobile)	Republican	January 3, 2021 – present	117th 118th	Elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022. Lost renomination.
					2023–2025
Barry Moore (elect) (Enterprise)	Republican	January 3, 2025		Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 2024.	2025–present

These are the results from the previous 11 election cycles in Alabama's 1st district.^[6]

2004 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jo Bonner (incumbent)	161,067	63.12%
	Democratic	Judy McCain Belk	93,938	36.81%
	Write-in		159	0.06%
Total votes			255,164	100%
	Republican hold

2006 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jo Bonner (incumbent)	112,944	68.10%
	Democratic	Vivian Beckerle	52,770	31.82%
	Write-in		127	0.08%
Total votes			165,841	100%
	Republican hold

2008 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jo Bonner (incumbent)	210,660	98.27%
	Write-in		3,707	1.73%
Total votes			214,367	100%
	Republican hold

2010 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jo Bonner (incumbent)	129,063	82.58%
	Constitution	David M. Walter	26,357	16.87%
	Write-in		861	0.55%
Total votes			156,281	100%
	Republican hold

2012 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jo Bonner (incumbent)	196,374	97.86%
	Write-in		4,302	2.14%
Total votes			200,676	100%
	Republican hold

2013 Alabama's 1st congressional district special election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Bradley Byrne	36,042	70.66%
	Democratic	Burton LeFlore	14,968	29.34%
Total votes			51,010	100%
	Republican hold

2014 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Bradley Byrne (incumbent)	103,758	68.16%
	Democratic	Burton LeFlore	48,278	31.71%
	Write-in		198	0.13%
Total votes			152,234	100%
	Republican hold

2016 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Bradley Byrne (incumbent)	208,083	96.38%
	Write-in		7,810	3.62%
Total votes			215,893	100%
	Republican hold

2018 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Bradley Byrne (incumbent)	153,228	63.16%
	Democratic	Robert Kennedy, Jr.	89,226	36.78%
	Write-in		163	0.07%
Total votes			242,617	100%
	Republican hold

2020 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jerry Carl	211,825	64.37%
	Democratic	James Averhart	116,949	35.54%
	Write-in		301	0.09%
Total votes			329,075	100%
	Republican hold

2022 Alabama's 1st congressional district election

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Jerry Carl (incumbent)	140,592	83.6%
	Libertarian	Alexander Remrey	26,369	15.6%
	Write-in		1,189	0.7%
Total votes			168,150	100.0
	Republican hold

• Alabama's congressional districts
• List of United States congressional districts
• Redistricting in the United States

Specific

General

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
• A New Nation Votes
• "AL - District 01 - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 22, 2020.

• Fox News coverage of the 2024 election