Cream-colored courser

Cream-colored courser
	Adult bird photographed in Egypt
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Glareolidae
Genus:	Cursorius
Species:	C. cursor
Binomial name
	Cursorius cursor; (Latham, 1787)
	Range of C. cursor Breeding Resident Non-breeding Passage Probably extinct Possibly Extant (resident) Possibly Extant (non-breeding)

Adult bird photographed in Dibba, United Arab Emirates

Eggs collected from Tunisia, in the collection of the Muséum de Toulouse

The cream-colored courser (Cursorius cursor) is a species of wader in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae. Both parts of the scientific name derive from Latin cursor, "runner", from currere, "to run"^[2] which describes their usual habit as they hunt their insect prey on the ground in dry open semi-desert regions of the Middle East and northern Africa.

Range

Cream-colored coursers are found in the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, North Africa and Southwest Asia. Their two eggs are laid in a ground scrape. The breeding season extends from February to September,^[3] but they may breed also in autumn and winter when local conditions (especially rainfall) are favourable.^[4] They are partially migratory, with northern and northwestern birds wintering in India, Arabia and across the southern edge of the Sahara. Some birds also breed in the southern desert regions in northwestern India and Pakistan.^[5]

They are rare north of the breeding range, but this species has occurred as far away as Finland, Ireland and Great Britain.^{[citation needed]}

Description

Cream-colored coursers have long legs, long wings, and slightly downcurved bills. The body plumage is sandy in colour, fading to whitish on the lower belly. The upperwing primary feathers and the underwings are black. The crown and nape are grey, and there is a black eyestripe and white supercilium.

In flight, this species resembles a pratincole with its relaxed wingbeats, pointed wings and dark underwings.^{[citation needed]}

Subspecies

There are three subspecies of the cream-colored courser:^[6]

C. c. cursor, (Latham, 1787): Canary Islands, North Africa Arabian Peninsula to Iraq
C. c. bogolubovi, (Zarudny, 1885): southeast Turkey to Iran, Afghanistan, South Pakistan to northwest India
C. c. exsul, (Hartert, 1920): Cape Verde Islands

Taxonomic note

Hayman's Shorebirds treats the east African form littoralis as a race of the Somali courser rather than of cream-colored.^[7] Some authorities in turn consider the Somali, Burchell's and cream-colored coursers to be conspecific.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ BirdLife International (2019) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Cursorius cursor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22735845A155429274. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22735845A155429274.en. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Maclean, G.L. (1996). "Family Glareolidae (coursers and pratincoles)". In Hoyo, Josep del; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 364–383. ISBN 978-84-87334-20-7.
^ Amezian, M.; Bergier, P.; Qninba, A (2014). "Autumn-winter breeding by Cream-coloured Coursers Cursorius cursor is more common than previously reported" (PDF). Wader Study Group Bulletin. 121 (3): 177–180.
^ Rahmani, Asad R.; Manakadan, Ranjit (1989). "Breeding records of Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor cursor (Latham) from India". Journal of the Bombay Natural Historical Society. 86 (3): 447–448 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Sandpipers, snipes, coursers". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
^ Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John; Prater, Tony (1986). Shorebirds: An Identification Guide. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-7099-2034-2.^{[page needed]}

External links

Cream-coloured courser photos at Oiseaux.net

BirdLife species factsheet for Cursorius cursor
"Cursorius cursor". Avibase.
"Cream-colored courser media". Internet Bird Collection.
Cream-colored courser photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
Interactive range map of Cursorius cursor at IUCN Red List maps
Audio recordings of Cream-colored courser on Xeno-canto.

[IUCN-1] BirdLife International (2019) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Cursorius cursor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22735845A155429274. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22735845A155429274.en. Retrieved 20 September 2024.

[job-2] Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[3] Maclean, G.L. (1996). "Family Glareolidae (coursers and pratincoles)". In Hoyo, Josep del; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 364–383. ISBN 978-84-87334-20-7.

[4] Amezian, M.; Bergier, P.; Qninba, A (2014). "Autumn-winter breeding by Cream-coloured Coursers Cursorius cursor is more common than previously reported" (PDF). Wader Study Group Bulletin. 121 (3): 177–180.

[Rahmani1989-5] Rahmani, Asad R.; Manakadan, Ranjit (1989). "Breeding records of Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor cursor (Latham) from India". Journal of the Bombay Natural Historical Society. 86 (3): 447–448 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

[IOC-6] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Sandpipers, snipes, coursers". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 24 June 2019.

[Hayman-7] Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John; Prater, Tony (1986). Shorebirds: An Identification Guide. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-7099-2034-2.^{[page needed]}

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]