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Cavisoma

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Cavisoma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Palaeacanthocephala
Order: Echinorhynchida
Family: Cavisomidae
Genus: Cavisoma
Van Cleave, 1931
Species:
C. magnum
Binomial name
Cavisoma magnum
(Southwell, 1927)

Cavisoma is a monotypic genus of acanthocephalans (thorny-headed or spiny-headed parasitic worms) containing a single species, Cavisoma magnum, that infests animals.

Taxonomy

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C. magnum (Southwell, 1927) was originally described as Oligoterorhynchus magnus by Southwell in 1927[1] It was brought ot the Cavisoma genus by Van Cleave in 1931. The National Center for Biotechnology Information does indicate that a phylogenetic analysis has been published on the mitochondrial DNA of Cavisoma.[2]

Description

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Cavisoma magnum consists of a proboscis covered in hooks and a trunk.[3]

Distribution

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The distribution of Cavisoma magnum is determined by that of its hosts. Localities include Sri Lanka, the Red Sea, the Philippines, New Caledonia, and Iraq.[3]

Hosts

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Diagram of the life cycle of Acanthocephala
Life cycle of Acanthocephala.[4][a]

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Cavisoma are arthropods. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Cavisoma.[6]

Cavisoma magnum was found in the stomach and pyloric ceca of the sea bass, Serranus sp. (Serranidae) and from another fish, the spotted surgeonfish Ctenochaetus strigosus (Acanthuridae) off Negapatam, (Sri Lanka). Other hosts include milkfish Chanos chanos (Chanidae),[7][3] Siganus lineatus (Siganidae),[8] and Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae).[3] There are no reported cases of Cavisoma magnum infesting humans in the English language medical literature.[5]

Notes

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  1. ^ There are no known aberrant human infections for Cavisoma magnum species.[5]

References

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  1. ^ Southwell T 1927. New species of Acanthocephala (Oligoterorhynchus magnus) from a marine fish. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 21, 165–169.
  2. ^ Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard; O’Neill, Kathleen; Robbertse, Barbara; Sharma, Shobha; Soussov, Vladimir; Sullivan, John P; Sun, Lu; Turner, Seán; Karsch-Mizrachi, Ilene (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools". Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d Amin, Omar M.; Heckmann, Richard A.; Bannai, Majid A. (2018). "Cavisoma magnum (Cavisomidae), a unique Pacific acanthocephalan redescribed from an unusual host, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae), in the Persian Gulf, with notes on histopathology and metal analysis". Parasite. 25: 5. doi:10.1051/parasite/2018006. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 5806538. PMID 29424340. Open access icon
  4. ^ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (11 April 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Center for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  5. ^ a b Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11): e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC 8525584. PMID 34076470.
  6. ^ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  7. ^ Arthur JR, Regidor SE, Albert E. 1995. Redescription of Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae) from the milkfish, Chanos chanos, in the Philippines. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 62, 39–43.
  8. ^ Foata, J.; Quilichini, Y.; Justine, J.-L.; Bray, R.A.; Marchand, B. (2012). "Ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon of Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) (Acanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala, Cavisomidae), from Siganus lineatus (Pisces, Teleostei, Siganidae) (Valenciennes, 1835) in New Caledonia". Micron. 43 (2–3): 141–149. doi:10.1016/j.micron.2011.10.022. ISSN 0968-4328. PMID 22100318.
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