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Coordinates: 48°10′N 06°25′E / 48.167°N 6.417°E / 48.167; 6.417
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{{short description|Department of France in Grand Est}}
{{about|the French department|the mountain range|Vosges}}
{{about|the department|the mountain range|Vosges}}
{{Expand French|Vosges (département)|topic=geo|date=September 2012}}
{{short description|Department of France}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
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| native_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| native_name_lang = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| type = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline = Chaume Ferchmuss et route des crêtes, vus du Rainkopf. 27-06-08.jpg
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo2a = Col du Brabant - Ferme et chalets.jpg
| photo2b = Col de Bussang from Azureva.jpg
| photo3a = Bruyères-Vosges-17 (cropped).jpg
| photo1a = Epinal - Chateau - panorama 3.jpg
| size = 270
| spacing = 2
| color = #FFFFFF
| border = 0
| foot_montage = Clockwise from top: [[Épinal]] seen from the castle ruins, [[Bussang]], [[Bruyères]] with Mont Avison in the background, [[La Bresse]]
}}
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption           = The mountains for which the department was named
| image_caption =
| caption =
| image_flag = Vosges.svg
| image_flag = Vosges.svg
| flag_alt =
| flag_alt =
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| p1 = [[Neufchâteau, Vosges|Neufchâteau]]<br />[[Saint-Dié-des-Vosges]]
| p1 = [[Neufchâteau, Vosges|Neufchâteau]]<br />[[Saint-Dié-des-Vosges]]
| government_footnotes =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_party = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title = [[President of the general council|President of the General Council]]
| leader_title = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name = [[François Vannson]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| leader_name = François Vannson ([[The Republicans (France)|LR]])
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude =
| area_magnitude =
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| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| population_total = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_footnotes =
| population_as_of = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_total = 367673
| population_footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|64th]]
| population_rank = [[List of French departments by population|67th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_demonym =
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| blank_info_sec1 = 88
| blank_info_sec1 = 88
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[arrondissements of the Vosges department|3]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Arrondissements of the Vosges department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[cantons of the Vosges department|17]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Cantons of the Vosges department|17]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[communes of the Vosges department|507]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Communes of the Vosges department|507]]
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1 = +1
| utc_offset1 = +1
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| iso_code =
| iso_code =
| website =
| website =
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
| footnotes = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
}}
{{Lorraine sidebar}}
{{Lorraine sidebar}}
'''Vosges''' ({{IPA-fr|voʒ|-|fr-Paris--Vosges.ogg}}) is an eastern [[departments of France|department of France]] named after the [[Vosges]] mountain range. It consists of 17 [[cantons of France|cantons]] and 507 [[communes of France|communes]], of which 234 are rural,<ref name="tourismevosges1">{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismevosges.fr/uk/presentation.php |title=The Vosges Departmental Tourist Board - The département: a few figures |publisher=Tourismevosges.fr |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> including the commune of [[Domrémy-la-Pucelle]], where [[Joan of Arc]] was born.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismevosges.fr/fr/jeanne.php |title=Jeanne d'arc Domremy-la-Pucelle Centre Johannique, Centre d'Interprétation Vosges |publisher=Tourismevosges.fr |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref>
'''Vosges''' ({{IPA|fr|voʒ|-|fr-Paris--Vosges.ogg}}) is a [[departments of France|department]] in the [[Grand Est]] [[Regions of France|region]], Northeastern [[France]]. It covers part of the [[Vosges]] mountain range, after which it is named. Vosges consists of three [[Arrondissements of the Vosges department|arrondissements]], 17 [[Cantons of the Vosges department|cantons]] and 507 [[Communes of the Vosges department|communes]],<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/cog/departement/DEP88-vosges Département des Vosges (88)], INSEE</ref> including [[Domrémy-la-Pucelle]], where [[Joan of Arc]] was born.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tourisme.vosges.fr/en/explore/sites-and-monuments/984000307-maison-natale-de-jeanne-d-arc-domremy-la-pucelle|title=Joan of Arc's Birthplace |publisher=Tourisme Vosges |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> In 2019, it had a population of 364,499 with an area of {{convert|5,874|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}};<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=DEP-88 Comparateur de territoires], INSEE, retrieved 12 July 2022.</ref> its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Épinal]].


==History==
==History==
{{Further|topic=the museum|Musée Henri-Mathieu}}


===Hundred Years' War===
===Hundred Years' War===
[[Joan of Arc]] was born in the village of Domrémy, then in the French part of the [[Duchy of Bar]], or ''Barrois mouvant'', located west of the [[Meuse]]. The part of the duchy lying east of the Meuse was part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. The Duchy of Bar later became part of the [[Provinces of France|province]] of [[Lorraine]]. The village of Domrémy was renamed Domrémy-la-Pucelle in honour of Joan.<ref>Condemnation trial, p. 37.[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/joanofarc-trial.html]. Retrieved 23 March 2006.</ref>


===French Revolution===
[[Joan of Arc]] was born in the village of Domrémy, then in the French part of the [[duchy of Bar]], or ''Barrois mouvant'', located west of the [[Meuse]]. The part of the duchy lying east of the Meuse was part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. The duchy of Bar later became part of the province of [[Lorraine]]. The village of Domrémy was renamed Domrémy-la-Pucelle in honour of Joan.<ref>Condemnation trial, p. 37.[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/joanofarc-trial.html]. Retrieved 23 March 2006.</ref>
The Vosges department is one of the original 83 departments of France, created on 4 March 1790 during the [[French Revolution]].<ref name=splaf/> It was made of territories that had been part of the province of [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]]. In [[German language|German]] it is referred to as ''Vogesen''.


In 1793, the independent [[Salm-Salm|Principality of Salm-Salm]] (town of [[Senones, Vosges|Senones]] and its surroundings), enclosed inside the Vosges department, was annexed to France and incorporated into Vosges. In 1795, the area of [[Schirmeck]] was detached from the [[Bas-Rhin]] department and incorporated into the Vosges department.<ref>{{cite journal |author=P.S. |year=2002 |title=L'Essor, Revue trimestrielle de Schirmeck |journal=Le Pays Lorrain |volume=83 |page=255 |publisher=Société d'archéologie lorraine et du Musée historique lorrain |issn=0031-3394 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mthnAAAAMAAJ&q=Schirmeck%201795&pg=PA255 |language=fr |format=PDF |access-date=3 August 2009}}</ref> The Vosges department then had an area of {{convert|6,127|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, which it kept until 1871.
===French revolution===
The Vosges department is one of the original 83 departments of France, created on February 9, 1790 during the [[French Revolution]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vosges tourisme > Histoire |url=http://www.vosges.fr/cg88/frontoffice/document.asp?num=73&lan=1 |work=Site officiel du Conseil général des Vosges |language=French |accessdate=23 July 2009}}</ref> It was made of territories that had been part of the [[provinces of France|province]] of [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]]. In [[German language|German]] it is referred to as ''Vogesen''.


In 1794, Vosges was the site of a [[Battle of Trippstadt|major battle]] between the forces of Revolutionary France and the Allied Coalition. The oldest square in [[Paris]], Place Royale, was renamed [[Place des Vosges]] in 1800 when the department became the first to pay the new revolutionary taxes.
In 1793 the independent [[Salm-Salm|principality of Salm-Salm]] (town of [[Senones, Vosges|Senones]] and its surroundings), enclosed inside the Vosges department, was annexed to France and incorporated into Vosges. In 1795 the area of [[Schirmeck]] was detached from the [[Bas-Rhin]] department and incorporated into the Vosges department.<ref>{{cite journal |author=P.S. |year=2002 |title=L'Essor, Revue trimestrielle de Schirmeck |journal=Le Pays lorrain |volume=83 |page=255 |publisher=Société d'archéologie lorraine et du Musée historique lorrain |issn=0031-3394 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=mthnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA255&lpg=PA255&dq=Schirmeck+1795&q=Schirmeck%201795 |language=French |format=PDF |accessdate=3 August 2009}}</ref> The Vosges department had now an area of 6,127&nbsp;km² (2,366 sq. miles) which it kept until 1871.

In 1794 the Vosges was the site of a major battle between the forces of Revolutionary France and the Allied Coalition. See [[Battle of Trippstadt]].

The [[Place des Vosges]] in [[Paris]] was so renamed in 1799 when the department became the first to pay the new [[French Revolution|Revolutionary]] taxes.


===Franco-Prussian War===
===Franco-Prussian War===
After the French defeat in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870–1871, 4% of the Vosges department in the extreme northeast of the department was annexed to the [[German Empire]] by the [[Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)|Treaty of Frankfurt]] on the ground that the people there spoke Germanic dialects. The area annexed on May 18, 1871 corresponded to the [[Cantons of France|canton]] of Schirmeck and the northern half of the canton of [[Saales]]. Schirmeck and Saales had been historically part of [[Alsace]]. These territories, along with the rest of [[Alsace]] and the annexed territories of Lorraine, became part of the ''Reichsland'' of ''[[Alsace-Lorraine|Elsaß-Lothringen]]''. The area of the Vosges department was thus reduced to its current 5,874&nbsp;km² (2,268 sq. miles).
After the French defeat in the [[Franco-Prussian War]] of 1870–1871, 4% of the Vosges department in the extreme northeast of the department was annexed to the [[German Empire]] by the [[Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)|Treaty of Frankfurt]] on the ground that the people there spoke Germanic dialects. The area annexed on 18 May 1871 corresponded to the [[Cantons of France|canton]] of Schirmeck and the northern half of the canton of [[Saales]]. Schirmeck and Saales had been historically part of [[Alsace]]. These territories, along with the rest of [[Alsace]] and the annexed territories of Lorraine, became part of the ''Reichsland'' of ''[[Alsace-Lorraine|Elsaß-Lothringen]]''. The area of the Vosges department was thus reduced to its current {{convert|5,874|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.


===First and Second World Wars===
===First and Second World Wars===
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An ill-fated [[Special Air Service]] (SAS) mission called [[Operation Loyton]] took place in the Vosges forests in 1944.
An ill-fated [[Special Air Service]] (SAS) mission called [[Operation Loyton]] took place in the Vosges forests in 1944.


Various [[War grave|military cemeteries]] are located in the department the largest of which is the [[Le Quéquement American Cemetery]] in [[Dinozé]], near [[Epinal]]. It was built by the American [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|45th Infantry Division]] in September 1944 and completed in 1959. 5,255 soldiers killed in action during fighting in France, the Vosges, the Rhine valley and Germany are interred there.<ref name="tourismevosges2">{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismevosges.fr/uk/fort-et-cimetieres.php |title=The Vosges Departmental Tourist Board - Forts and cemeteries |publisher=Tourismevosges.fr |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref>
Various [[War grave|military cemeteries]] are located in the department, the largest of which is the [[Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial]] in [[Dinozé]], near [[Épinal]]. It was built by the American [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|45th Infantry Division]] in September 1944 and completed in 1959. 5,253 soldiers killed in action during fighting in France, the Vosges, the Rhine valley and Germany are interred there.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tourisme.vosges.fr/decouvrir/sites-monuments/778003686-cimetiere-americain-dinoze |title=Cimetière americain |publisher=Tourisme Vosges |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>


== Geography ==
== Geography ==


While the west part of the Vosges is flat sedimentary land (well suited for mineral waters), the east is dominated by the Vosges Mountain range and the [[Ballons des Vosges Nature Park]]. The [[Hohneck (Vosges)|Hohneck]] at 1363m is the highest peak of the Vosges department.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tourisme.vosges.fr/decouvrir/sites-monuments/776000746-steles-du-sommet-du-hohneck-la-bresse|title=Stèles du sommet du Hohneck |publisher=Tourisme Vosges |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> The [[Monts Faucilles]] traverse the south of the department in a broad curve declining on the north into elevated plateaus, on the south encircling the upper basin of the River [[Saône]]. This chain, dividing the basins of the [[Rhône]] and the [[Rhine]], forms part of the European watershed between the basins of the Mediterranean and Atlantic.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Vosges (France)|display=Vosges|volume=28|page=214}} This entry further details the industrial base at the time.</ref> 48% of the department is covered by woodlands and forests (the third highest in France), while 45% of land is in agricultural use.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vosges.fr/le-departement/chiffres-cles |title=Vosges - Chiffres clés |publisher=Vosges Conseil Départemental |access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>
The largest cities/towns are [[Épinal]] (approx. 33,000), [[Saint-Dié-des-Vosges]] (approx. 21,500), [[Gérardmer]] (approx. 8,500), on the lake of the same name, and [[Remiremont]] (approx. 8,000). A total population of 378,830 inhabitants was recorded in the 2011 census. The population is split with 70% in urban areas and 30% living in rural districts.


The Saône (named after the Celtic goddess Sagona)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismevosges.fr/uk/sites-archeologiques.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401121305/http://www.tourismevosges.fr/uk/sites-archeologiques.php|title=The Vosges Departmental Tourist Board - Archeological sites |publisher=Tourismevosges.fr |archive-date=1 April 2013}}</ref> rises at [[Vioménil]], in the Vosges. The [[Anger (river)|Anger]] river also passes through it.
Roughly 47% of the department is covered by woodlands and forests (the third highest in France), while 38% of land is in agricultural use. The remaining 13% is commercial, industrial and residential.<ref name="tourismevosges1"/>
{{Further|Lac de la Lande}}


===Principal towns===
While the west part of the Vosges is flat sedimentary land (well suited for mineral waters), the east is dominated by the Vosges Mountain range (including the Ballons des Vosges Regional Nature Reserve) of which the [[Grand Ballon]] at 1424m is the highest peak.<ref name="tourismevosges1"/> The [[Monts Faucilles]] traverse the south of the department in a broad curve declining on the north into elevated plateaus, on the south encircling the upper basin of the River [[Saône]]. This chain, dividing the basins of the [[Rhône]] and the [[Rhine]], forms part of the European watershed between the basins of the Mediterranean and Atlantic.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Vosges (France)|display=Vosges|volume=28|page=214}} This entry further details the industrial base at the time.</ref>


The most populated commune is [[Épinal]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 9 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep88.pdf Populations légales 2019: 88 Vosges], INSEE</ref>
The Saône rises (named after the Celtic goddess Sagon)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismevosges.fr/uk/sites-archeologiques.php |title=The Vosges Departmental Tourist Board - Archeological sites |publisher=Tourismevosges.fr |date= |accessdate=2012-09-22}}</ref> at [[Vioménil]], in the Vosges. The [[Anger (river)|Anger]] river also passes through it.

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Épinal]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 32,256
|-
| [[Saint-Dié-des-Vosges]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 19,576
|-
| [[Golbey]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 8,798
|-
| [[Thaon-les-Vosges]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 8,634
|-
| [[Gérardmer]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,807
|-
| [[Remiremont]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,691
|-
| [[Neufchâteau, Vosges|Neufchâteau]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 6,636
|-
| [[Raon-l'Étape]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 6,205
|-
| [[Rambervillers]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 5,096
|}


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref name=splaf>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/88his.html|title=Historique des Vosges|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-88|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|15=1801|16=308,920|17=1806|18=334,169|19=1831|20=397,987|21=1841|22=419,992|23=1851|24=427,409|25=1861|26=415,485|27=1872|28=392,988|29=1881|30=406,862|31=1891|32=410,196|33=1901|34=421,104|35=1911|36=433,914|37=1921|38=383,684|39=1931|40=377,980|41=1936|42=376,926|43=1946|44=342,315|45=1954|46=372,523|47=1962|48=380,676|49=1968|50=388,201|51=1975|52=397,957|53=1982|54=395,769|55=1990|56=386,258|57=1999|58=380,952|59=2006|60=379,975|61=2011|62=378,830|63=2016|64=369,641|align=middle|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://splaf.free.fr/ Site sur la Population et les Limites Administratives de la France]</ref>}}
|15=1801|16=308,920|17=1806|18=334,169|19=1831|20=397,987|21=1841|22=419,992|23=1851|24=427,409|25=1861|26=415,485|27=1872|28=392,988|29=1881|30=406,862|31=1891|32=410,196|33=1901|34=421,104|35=1911|36=433,914|37=1921|38=383,684|39=1931|40=377,980|41=1936|42=376,926|43=1946|44=342,315|45=1954|46=372,523|47=1962|48=380,676|49=1968|50=388,201|51=1975|52=397,957|53=1982|54=395,769|55=1990|56=386,258|57=1999|58=380,952|59=2006|60=379,975|61=2011|62=378,830|63=2016|64=369,641}}


==Culture==
==Culture==


The [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[fortified town]] of [[Grand, Vosges|Grand]], located 30&nbsp;km from [[Toul]], has an [[amphitheatre]] and a temple to the [[Cult of Apollo]]. At La Bure, located a few kilometres from Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, archaeologists have found evidence for human habitation going back to around 2000 BC.
The [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[fortified town]] of [[Grand, Vosges|Grand]], located 30&nbsp;km from [[Toul]], has an [[amphitheatre]] and a temple to the [[Cult of Apollo]]. At La Bure, located a few kilometres from Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, archaeologists have found evidence for human habitation going back to around 2000 BC.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

===[[Séré de Rivières system|Séré de Rivières]] forts===
As a border area, the Vosges region was a route for possible invasion. As such four important forts were constructed in the department: Bourlémont Fort in Mont-les-Neufchâteau (built between 1878 and 1881); Uxegney Fort (built between 1882 and 1884); Bois l'Abbé Fort (built in 1884 and 1885); and the Le Parmont Fort in Remiremont (built between 1874 and 1876).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismevosges.fr/uk/fort-et-cimetieres.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401130035/http://www.tourismevosges.fr/uk/fort-et-cimetieres.php |title=The Vosges Departmental Tourist Board - Forts and cemeteries |publisher=Tourismevosges.fr |archive-date=1 April 2013}}</ref>


==Politics==
==Politics==

The president of the Departmental Council is [[François Vannson]], first elected in 2015.

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|
|[[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
|[[Emmanuel Macron]]
|[[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
|47.59
|[[Marine Le Pen]]
|[[National Rally|RN]]
|52.41
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles|title=Présidentielles|first=Ministère de|last=l'Intérieur|website=interieur.gouv.fr}}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 55.26
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 44.74
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 50.94
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 49.06
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 54.72
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 45.28
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref name="auto"/>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 78.81
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 21.19
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politiquemania.com/presidentielles-1995-departement.html|title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania|website=www.politiquemania.com}}</ref>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 51.44
| [[Lionel Jospin]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 48.56
|}


===Current National Assembly Representatives===
===Current National Assembly Representatives===
Line 130: Line 237:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/</ref>!!Party
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|access-date=2021-11-08|website=Assemblée nationale|language=fr-FR}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{The Republicans (France)/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous right}}" |
| [[Vosges's 1st constituency]]
| [[Vosges's 1st constituency]]
| [[Stéphane Viry]]
| [[Stéphane Viry]]
| [[Miscellaneous right]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{The Republicans (France)/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Vosges's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Vosges's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Gérard Cherpion]]
| [[Gaëtan Dussausaye]]
| [[National Rally]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{Miscellaneous right/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous right}}" |
| [[Vosges's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Vosges's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Christophe Naegelen]]
| [[Christophe Naegelen]]
| [[Miscellaneous right]]
| [[Miscellaneous right]]
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{The Republicans (France)/meta/color}}" |
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Vosges's 4th constituency]]
| [[Vosges's 4th constituency]]
| [[Jean-Jacques Gaultier]]
| [[Sébastien Humbert]]
| [[National Rally]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|}
|}


==Miscellaneous topics==

===[[Séré de Rivières system|Séré de Rivières]] forts===
As a border area, the Vosges region was a route for possible invasion. As such four important forts were constructed in the department: Bourlémont Fort in Mont-les-Neufchâteau (built between 1878 and 1881); Uxegney Fort (built between 1882 and 1884); Bois l'Abbé Fort
(built in 1884 and 1885); and the Le Parmont Fort in Remiremont (built between 1874 and 1876).<ref name="tourismevosges2"/>


== Tourism ==
== Tourism ==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Epinal chateau2.jpg|Fort of [[Epinal]]
File:Epinal chateau2.jpg|Fort of [[Épinal]]
File:PA00107138.Maison natale de Jeanne d'Arc.1.jpg|Birth house of [[Joan of Arc]] in [[Domrémy-la-Pucelle]]
File:PA00107138.Maison natale de Jeanne d'Arc.1.jpg|Birth house of [[Joan of Arc]] in [[Domrémy-la-Pucelle]]
File:Ballon-alsace2.jpg|Statue of Joan of Arc erected in 1909 at the former border with [[Alsace-Lorraine]]
File:Ballon-alsace2.jpg|Statue of Joan of Arc erected in 1909 at the former border with [[Alsace-Lorraine]]
File:Vallee-chajoux.jpg|The [[Vosges mountains]] near [[La Bresse]]
File:Coucher de soleil sur la vallée enneigée du Chajoux, janvier 2021 (2).jpg|The [[Vosges]] mountain range in [[La Bresse]]
File:Saint-Dié-des-Vosges-Cathédrale.jpg|[[Saint-Dié Cathedral]]
File:Saint-Dié-des-Vosges-Cathédrale.jpg|[[Saint-Dié Cathedral]]
File:Gérardmer - Lac 28.jpg|[[Lac de Gérardmer]]

File:BU 2013 RNR Rothenbach.JPG|[[Rainkopf]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


Line 180: Line 281:
==External links==
==External links==
* {{in lang|fr}} Vosges.com [http://www.vosges.cci.fr/ Economic information about the Vosges]
* {{in lang|fr}} Vosges.com [http://www.vosges.cci.fr/ Economic information about the Vosges]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.vosges.fr/ Departmental Council website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.vosges.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|en}} [https://www.tourisme.vosges.fr/en Tourisme Vosges]
* [http://www.battlefieldseurope.co.uk/ww1alsace.aspx Illustrated Article on the Vosges Battlefields in Winter at 'Battlefields Europe']
* Climbbybike.com: [http://www.climbbybike.com/climbs_selection.asp?Mountainname=orderheight&region=Vosges&CatID=1 All information on and profiles of the climbs and cols of the Vosges]
* Climbbybike.com: [http://www.climbbybike.com/climbs_selection.asp?Mountainname=orderheight&region=Vosges&CatID=1 All information on and profiles of the climbs and cols of the Vosges]
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.vosges.fr/ General Council website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.vosges.pref.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.vosges-et-vacances.com/ Vosges vacations]
* {{in lang|en}} [http://www.vosges.us/ Information - Vosges.us]
* [http://www.battlefieldseurope.co.uk/ww1alsace.aspx Illustrated Article on the Vosges Battlefields in Winter at 'Battlefields Europe']
* {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Vosges|year=1921 |short=x}}
* {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Vosges|year=1921 |short=x}}


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[[Category:Grand Est region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
[[Category:Grand Est region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
[[Category:Departments of Grand Est]]
[[Category:Departments of Grand Est]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]

Latest revision as of 16:44, 2 September 2024

This article is about the department. For the mountain range, see Vosges.
Vosges
Department of France
Clockwise from top: Épinal seen from the castle ruins, Bussang, Bruyères with Mont Avison in the background, La Bresse
Flag of Vosges
Flag
Coat of arms of Vosges
Coat of arms
Location of Vosges in France
Location of Vosges in France
Coordinates: 48°10′N 06°25′E / 48.167°N 6.417°E / 48.167; 6.417
CountryFrance
RegionGrand Est
PrefectureÉpinal
SubprefecturesNeufchâteau
Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
Government
 • President of the Departmental CouncilFrançois Vannson[1] (LR)
Area
1
 • Total5,874 km2 (2,268 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • Total360,673
 • Rank67th
 • Density61/km2 (160/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number88
Arrondissements3
Cantons17
Communes507
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2
Part of a series on
Lorraine
Flag of Lorraine since the 13th century
History
Culture
Religion
Law
Administrative divisions
Lorraine in the EU
Related topics

Vosges (French pronunciation: [voʒ] ⓘ) is a department in the Grand Est region, Northeastern France. It covers part of the Vosges mountain range, after which it is named. Vosges consists of three arrondissements, 17 cantons and 507 communes,[3] including Domrémy-la-Pucelle, where Joan of Arc was born.[4] In 2019, it had a population of 364,499 with an area of 5,874 km2 (2,268 sq mi);[5] its prefecture is Épinal.

History

[edit]
Further information on the museum: Musée Henri-Mathieu

Hundred Years' War

[edit]

Joan of Arc was born in the village of Domrémy, then in the French part of the Duchy of Bar, or Barrois mouvant, located west of the Meuse. The part of the duchy lying east of the Meuse was part of the Holy Roman Empire. The Duchy of Bar later became part of the province of Lorraine. The village of Domrémy was renamed Domrémy-la-Pucelle in honour of Joan.[6]

French Revolution

[edit]

The Vosges department is one of the original 83 departments of France, created on 4 March 1790 during the French Revolution.[7] It was made of territories that had been part of the province of Lorraine. In German it is referred to as Vogesen.

In 1793, the independent Principality of Salm-Salm (town of Senones and its surroundings), enclosed inside the Vosges department, was annexed to France and incorporated into Vosges. In 1795, the area of Schirmeck was detached from the Bas-Rhin department and incorporated into the Vosges department.[8] The Vosges department then had an area of 6,127 km2 (2,366 sq mi), which it kept until 1871.

In 1794, Vosges was the site of a major battle between the forces of Revolutionary France and the Allied Coalition. The oldest square in Paris, Place Royale, was renamed Place des Vosges in 1800 when the department became the first to pay the new revolutionary taxes.

Franco-Prussian War

[edit]

After the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, 4% of the Vosges department in the extreme northeast of the department was annexed to the German Empire by the Treaty of Frankfurt on the ground that the people there spoke Germanic dialects. The area annexed on 18 May 1871 corresponded to the canton of Schirmeck and the northern half of the canton of Saales. Schirmeck and Saales had been historically part of Alsace. These territories, along with the rest of Alsace and the annexed territories of Lorraine, became part of the Reichsland of Elsaß-Lothringen. The area of the Vosges department was thus reduced to its current 5,874 km2 (2,268 sq mi).

First and Second World Wars

[edit]

In 1919, with the allied victory in the World War I, Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France by Germany at the Treaty of Versailles. However, Schirmeck and Saales were not returned to the Vosges department, but instead were incorporated into the recreated Bas-Rhin department.

An ill-fated Special Air Service (SAS) mission called Operation Loyton took place in the Vosges forests in 1944.

Various military cemeteries are located in the department, the largest of which is the Epinal American Cemetery and Memorial in Dinozé, near Épinal. It was built by the American 45th Infantry Division in September 1944 and completed in 1959. 5,253 soldiers killed in action during fighting in France, the Vosges, the Rhine valley and Germany are interred there.[9]

Geography

[edit]

While the west part of the Vosges is flat sedimentary land (well suited for mineral waters), the east is dominated by the Vosges Mountain range and the Ballons des Vosges Nature Park. The Hohneck at 1363m is the highest peak of the Vosges department.[10] The Monts Faucilles traverse the south of the department in a broad curve declining on the north into elevated plateaus, on the south encircling the upper basin of the River Saône. This chain, dividing the basins of the Rhône and the Rhine, forms part of the European watershed between the basins of the Mediterranean and Atlantic.[11] 48% of the department is covered by woodlands and forests (the third highest in France), while 45% of land is in agricultural use.[12]

The Saône (named after the Celtic goddess Sagona)[13] rises at Vioménil, in the Vosges. The Anger river also passes through it.

Further information: Lac de la Lande

Principal towns

[edit]

The most populated commune is Épinal, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 9 communes with more than 5,000 inhabitants:[14]

Commune Population (2019)
Épinal 32,256
Saint-Dié-des-Vosges 19,576
Golbey 8,798
Thaon-les-Vosges 8,634
Gérardmer 7,807
Remiremont 7,691
Neufchâteau 6,636
Raon-l'Étape 6,205
Rambervillers 5,096

Demographics

[edit]

Population development since 1801:

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1801308,920—    
1806334,169+1.58%
1831397,987+0.70%
1841419,992+0.54%
1851427,409+0.18%
1861415,485−0.28%
1872392,988−0.50%
1881406,862+0.39%
1891410,196+0.08%
1901421,104+0.26%
1911433,914+0.30%
1921383,684−1.22%
1931377,980−0.15%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1936376,926−0.06%
1946342,315−0.96%
1954372,523+1.06%
1962380,676+0.27%
1968388,201+0.33%
1975397,957+0.36%
1982395,769−0.08%
1990386,258−0.30%
1999380,952−0.15%
2006379,975−0.04%
2011378,830−0.06%
2016369,641−0.49%
Sources:[7][15]

Culture

[edit]

The Roman fortified town of Grand, located 30 km from Toul, has an amphitheatre and a temple to the Cult of Apollo. At La Bure, located a few kilometres from Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, archaeologists have found evidence for human habitation going back to around 2000 BC.[citation needed]

Séré de Rivières forts

[edit]

As a border area, the Vosges region was a route for possible invasion. As such four important forts were constructed in the department: Bourlémont Fort in Mont-les-Neufchâteau (built between 1878 and 1881); Uxegney Fort (built between 1882 and 1884); Bois l'Abbé Fort (built in 1884 and 1885); and the Le Parmont Fort in Remiremont (built between 1874 and 1876).[16]

Politics

[edit]

The president of the Departmental Council is François Vannson, first elected in 2015.

Presidential elections 2nd round

[edit]
Election Winning Candidate Party % 2nd Place Candidate Party %
2022 Emmanuel Macron LREM 47.59 Marine Le Pen RN 52.41
2017[17] Emmanuel Macron LREM 55.26 Marine Le Pen FN 44.74
2012 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 50.94 François Hollande PS 49.06
2007 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 54.72 Ségolène Royal PS 45.28
2002[17] Jacques Chirac RPR 78.81 Jean-Marie Le Pen FN 21.19
1995[18] Jacques Chirac RPR 51.44 Lionel Jospin PS 48.56

Current National Assembly Representatives

[edit]
Constituency Member[19] Party
Vosges's 1st constituency Stéphane Viry Miscellaneous right
Vosges's 2nd constituency Gaëtan Dussausaye National Rally
Vosges's 3rd constituency Christophe Naegelen Miscellaneous right
Vosges's 4th constituency Sébastien Humbert National Rally

Tourism

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ Département des Vosges (88), INSEE
  4. ^ "Joan of Arc's Birthplace". Tourisme Vosges. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  5. ^ Comparateur de territoires, INSEE, retrieved 12 July 2022.
  6. ^ Condemnation trial, p. 37.[1]. Retrieved 23 March 2006.
  7. ^ a b "Historique des Vosges". Le SPLAF.
  8. ^ P.S. (2002). "L'Essor, Revue trimestrielle de Schirmeck" (PDF). Le Pays Lorrain (in French). 83. Société d'archéologie lorraine et du Musée historique lorrain: 255. ISSN 0031-3394. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
  9. ^ "Cimetière americain". Tourisme Vosges. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  10. ^ "Stèles du sommet du Hohneck". Tourisme Vosges. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  11. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Vosges". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 214. This entry further details the industrial base at the time.
  12. ^ "Vosges - Chiffres clés". Vosges Conseil Départemental. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  13. ^ "The Vosges Departmental Tourist Board - Archeological sites". Tourismevosges.fr. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013.
  14. ^ Populations légales 2019: 88 Vosges, INSEE
  15. ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
  16. ^ "The Vosges Departmental Tourist Board - Forts and cemeteries". Tourismevosges.fr. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013.
  17. ^ a b l'Intérieur, Ministère de. "Présidentielles". interieur.gouv.fr.
  18. ^ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania". www.politiquemania.com.
  19. ^ "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale (in French). Retrieved 2021-11-08.
[edit]
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