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USS General W. C. Gorgas

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The ship as USAT General W. C. Gorgas
History
Name
  • 1902: Prinz Sigismund
  • 1917: General W. C. Gorgas
  • 1945: Mikhail Lomonosov
Namesake
Owner
Operator
Port of registry
Route1903: Hamburg – Brazil
BuilderAG "Neptun", Rostock
Yard number207
Launched28 September 1902
Completed6 July 1903
Commissionedinto US Navy, 8 March 1919
Decommissionedfrom US Navy, 28 July 1919
Maiden voyageJuly 1903
Refit1919
Identification
Fatescrapped 1958
General characteristics
Class and typePrinz-class cargo liner
Tonnage4,689 GRT, 2,942 NRT
Displacement8,000 tons
Length
  • 386 ft (118 m) overall
  • 370.2 ft (112.8 m) registered
Beam45.3 ft (13.8 m)
Draft24 ft 4+3⁄4 in (7.436 m)
Depth26.8 ft (8.2 m)
Decks2
Installed power318 NHP
Propulsion
Speed12 knots (22 km/h)
Capacity736 passengers
Troops1,200
Complement154

USS General W. C. Gorgas (ID-1365) was a cargo liner that was launched in Germany in 1902 as Prinz Sigismund for the Hamburg America Line. In 1917 the USA seized her and renamed her General W. C. Gorgas. In 1945 she was transferred to the Soviet Union, which renamed her Mikhail Lomonosov. She was scrapped in March 1958.

The Panama Railway Company operated the ship from 1917, and owned her by 1920. In 1919 she spent a few months in the United States Navy, repatriating troops from France to the USA. In 1926 Libby, McNeill & Libby bought her for use in the Pacific. She was a United States Army troopship from 1941 until 1945, when she was transferred to the USSR.

Prinz-class ocean liners

Between 1901 and 1903 HAPAG had seven new cargo liners built, each named after a prince of the House of Hohenzollern. Five of them were single-screw ships. Reiherstieg Schiffswerfte & Maschinenfabrik in Hamburg built Prinz Eitel Friedrich and Prinz Waldemar. Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft in Flensburg built Prinz August Wilhelm and Prinz Joachim. Prinz Sigismund was unique, being the only member of the class built by AG "Neptun" in Rostock.[1][2]

At the same time, Bremer Vulkan Schiffbau & Machinenfabrik in Bremen-Vegesack built Prinz Adalbert and Prinz Oskar. These were about 32 feet (10 m) longer and 4 feet (1.2 m) broader than the other five, and were twin-screw ships.[3] They thus form either a sub-class or a separate class.

Building

Prince Sigismund of Prussia

Prinz Sigismund was named after Prince Sigismund of Prussia. "Neptun" built her as yard number 207, and launched her on 28 September 1902. In February 1903 she was damaged by fire, which delayed her completion until 6 July 1903.[4] Her lengths were 386 ft (118 m) overall and 370.2 ft (112.8 m) registered. Her beam was 45.3 ft (13.8 m), her depth was 26.8 ft (8.2 m), and her draft was 24 ft 5+3⁄4 in (7.461 m). Her tonnages were 4,689 GRT, 2,942 NRT, and 8,000 tons displacement. As built, she had capacity for 736 passengers.[1][5][6][7]

Her single screw was driven by a quadruple-expansion engine that was rated at 318 NHP[1] and gave her a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h).[6]

HAPAG career

Prinz Sigismund

HAPAG registered Prinz Sigismund at Hamburg. Her code letters were RMVQ. By 1910 she was equipped with wireless telegraphy.[8] By 1913 her call sign was DSG.[9] Her maiden voyage was from Hamburg to Brazil.[4]

In 1901 HAPAG had taken over the Atlas Line,[10] and re-branded it the "Atlas Service". It ran round-trip voyages from Port of New York and New Jersey to the Caribbean. By January 1908 Prinz Sigismund was on the Atlas service.[11]

For the season from September 1912 to January 1913 HAPAG advertised Prinz Sigismund and her sister ship Prinz Eitel Friedrich making round trips from New York to Fortune Island (now Long Cay), Montego Bay, Kingston, Colón, and Puerto Limón.[12] In 1913 Prinz Sigismund also made Caribbean trips in the summer.[13] In December 1913 Prinz Sigismund went to Haiti.[14]

When the First World War began in August 1914, Germany ordered its merchant ships to take refuge in the nearest neutral port. Prinz Sigismund stayed in Colón in Panama. On 3 February 1917 the US government seized German and Austro-Hungarian ships, both in US ports, and in ports overseas that it controlled. US authorities in Colón seized Prinz Sigismund and three other HAPAG ships.[15]

Panama Railway and the US Navy

General William C. Gorgas

On 6 April 1917 the USA declared war on Germany. The United States Shipping Board (USSB) assumed ownership of Prinz Sigismund and appointed the Panama Canal Railway to manage her. She was renamed after William C. Gorgas, the United States Army Medical Corps General who directed the sanitation measures to control mosquitoes, and mosquito-borne diseases, to enable the building of the Panama Canal. She was registered in New York. Her US official number was 215110 and her code letters were LHDV.[16] Under Panama Railway management she took US troops and cargo to Europe.[7]

In 1919 General W. C. Gorgas was converted into a troopship to repatriate US troops from Europe. On 8 March she was commissioned into the US Navy, with the Naval Registry Identification Number ID-1365 and call sign GJDS.[17] She was assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force. On 25 April 1919 she left New York for Bordeaux, France, where she loaded cargo and embarked US troops. She reached Philadelphia on 2 June 1919. On 5 June she left Philadelphia on her second voyage to Bordeaux. This time she brought troops to Newport News, Virginia, where she arrived on 4 July. In her two Navy voyages she repatriated a total of 2,063 troops. On 28 July she was decommissioned from the Navy and returned to the USSB.[7]

Libby's and the US Army

By 1920 the Panama Railway had bought General W. C. Gorgas from the USSB.[18] In 1926 Libby, McNeill & Libby bought her and registered her in San Francisco.[5] Libby already owned one of her sister ships, formerly Prinz Eitel Friedrich, now renamed Otsego.[3] By 1934 her call sign was WQCZ, and this had superseded her code letters.[19]

In November 1941, before the Attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States Department of War chartered General W. C. Gorgas and had her converted into a US Army troopship. She carried troops and supplies between Seattle and Alaska until January 1945, when she was returned to the War Shipping Administration at Seattle.[7]

Soviet career

In 1945 the ship was transferred to the USSR, who renamed her after the 18th-century polymath Mikhail Lomonosov. She was scrapped in the USSR in March 1958.[20]

References

  1. ^ a b c Lloyd's Register 1904, PRI.
  2. ^ Haws 1980, pp. 75–76.
  3. ^ a b Haws 1980, p. 76.
  4. ^ a b Rothe 1986, p. 92.
  5. ^ a b Lloyd's Register 1926, Supplement: G..
  6. ^ a b Haws 1980, pp. 75.
  7. ^ a b c d "General W. C. Gorgas". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Naval History and Heritage Command. 19 July 2015.
  8. ^ Lloyd's Register 1910, PRI.
  9. ^ The Marconi Press Agency Ltd 1913, p. 241.
  10. ^ Haws 1980, p. 16.
  11. ^ "Off to Europe to-day". The New York Times. 11 January 1908. p. 9. Retrieved 6 February 2024 – via Times Machine.
  12. ^ "Hamburg-American Line". marine timetable images. Björn Larsson. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  13. ^ "60 whales off Sea Girt". The New York Times. 21 July 1913. p. 14. Retrieved 6 February 2024 – via Times Machine.
  14. ^ "36,000 Cigarettes Seized". The New York Times. 13 December 1913. p. 19. Retrieved 6 February 2024 – via Times Machine.
  15. ^ "German ships are seized here". The New York Times. 4 February 1917. p. 3. Retrieved 6 February 2024 – via Times Machine.
  16. ^ Lloyd's Register 1919, GEN–GEO.
  17. ^ Radigan, Joseph M. "USAT General W. C. Gorgas ex-USS General W. C. Gorgas (ID 1365)". Identification Numbered Ships Photo Archive. NavSource Online. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  18. ^ Lloyd's Register 1920, GEN.
  19. ^ Lloyd's Register 1934, GEN.
  20. ^ "5234943". Miramar Ship Index.

Bibliography

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