Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution: Difference between revisions

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The Twenty-third Amendment (Amendment XXIII) to the United States Constitution permits citizens in the District of Columbia to vote for Electors for President and Vice President. The amendment was proposed by Congress on June 17, 1960, and ratified by the states on March 29, 1961. The first Presidential election in which it was in effect was the presidential election of 1964.

Prior to the passage of the amendment, residents of Washington, D.C. were unable to vote for President or Vice President as the District is not a U.S. state.

Text

Section 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:
A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article using appropriate legislation.

Proposal and ratification

Ratified amendment, 1960–61

  Ratified amendment post-enactment (NH: 1961, AL: 2002)

  Rejected amendment

  Didn't ratify amendment

Amendment XXIII in the National Archives

Congress proposed the Twenty-third Amendment on June 17, 1960.^[1] The following states ratified the amendment:

Hawaii (June 23, 1960)
Massachusetts (August 22, 1960)
New Jersey (December 19, 1960)
New York (January 17, 1961)
California (January 19, 1961)
Oregon (January 27, 1961)
Maryland (January 30, 1961)
Idaho (January 31, 1961)
Maine (January 31, 1961)
Minnesota (January 31, 1961)
New Mexico (February 1, 1961)
Nevada (February 2, 1961)
Montana (February 6, 1961)
South Dakota (February 6, 1961)
Colorado (February 8, 1961)
Washington (February 9, 1961)
West Virginia (February 9, 1961)
Alaska (February 10, 1961)
Wyoming (February 13, 1961)
Delaware (February 20, 1961)
Utah (February 21, 1961)
Wisconsin (February 21, 1961)
Pennsylvania (February 28, 1961)
Indiana (March 3, 1961)
North Dakota (March 3, 1961)
Tennessee (March 6, 1961)
Michigan (March 8, 1961)
Connecticut (March 9, 1961)
Arizona (March 10, 1961)
Illinois (March 14, 1961)
Nebraska (March 15, 1961)
Vermont (March 15, 1961)
Iowa (March 16, 1961)
Missouri (March 20, 1961)
Oklahoma (March 21, 1961)
Rhode Island (March 22, 1961)
Kansas (March 29, 1961)
Ohio (March 29, 1961)

Ratification was completed on March 29, 1961. The amendment was subsequently ratified by the following states:

New Hampshire (March 30, 1961)
Alabama (April 16, 2002)

The New Hampshire ratification was somewhat irregular; a vote for ratification was taken on the 29th, but was immediately rescinded. Another vote was taken the 30th to ratify the amendment.^[2]^[3]

The amendment was rejected by the following state:

Arkansas (January 24, 1961)

The following states have not ratified the amendment:

Florida
Kentucky
Mississippi
Georgia
South Carolina
Louisiana
Texas
North Carolina
Virginia

Notes

^ Mount, Steve (2007). "Ratification of Constitutional Amendments". Retrieved October 11, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Suber, Peter. Population Changes and Constitutional Amendments: Federalism Versus Democracy. Accessed 2010-01-22.
^ Amendment XXIII: Election rules for the District of Columbia. Accessed 2010-01-22.

References

External links

[1] Mount, Steve (2007). "Ratification of Constitutional Amendments". Retrieved October 11, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[2] Suber, Peter. Population Changes and Constitutional Amendments: Federalism Versus Democracy. Accessed 2010-01-22.

[3] Amendment XXIII: Election rules for the District of Columbia. Accessed 2010-01-22.

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 {{US Constitution article series}}
-The '''Twenty-third Amendment''' ('''Amendment XXIII''') to the [[United States Constitution]] permits citizens in the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]] to vote for [[U.S. Electoral College|Electors]] for [[President of the United States|President]] and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]. The amendment was proposed by Congress on June 17, 1960, and ratified by the states on March 29, 1961. The first Presidential election in which it was in effect was the [[United States presidential election, 1964|presidential election of 1964]].
+The '''Twenty-third Amendment ''' ('''Amendment XXIII''') to the [[United States Constitution]] permits citizens in the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]] to vote for [[U.S. Electoral College|Electors]] for [[President of the United States|President]] and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]. The amendment was proposed by Congress on June 17, 1960, and ratified by the states on March 29, 1961. The first Presidential election in which it was in effect was the [[United States presidential election, 1964|presidential election of 1964]].
 Prior to the passage of the amendment, residents of Washington, D.C. were unable to vote for President or Vice President as the District is not a [[U.S. state]].