[go: up one dir, main page]
Jump to content

RationalWiki: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→Reception: Unclear why this paragraph was deleted; it seems well-cited, and citations to it are an important part of its reception.
Undid revision 903032095 by Aquillion (talk) Short mention, but from a notable source by a notable author. There isn't much reaction to RW by notable sources/people in general, so it doesn't violate UNDUE.
Line 40: Line 40:
Andrea Ballatore, a lecturer at [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] described RationalWiki as a [[Debunker|debunking]] website, finding it to be the most visible debunking website of [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] in terms of [[Google Search|Google]] and [[Bing (search engine)|Bing]] search results, slightly more visible than [[rense.com]] and less visible than [[YouTube]] or Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ballatore |first=Andrea |url=http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/5597/4652 |title=Google chemtrails: A methodology to analyze topic representation in search engine results. |issue=7 |journal=First Monday |volume=20 |series=20.7 (2015) |accessdate=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308111444/http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/5597/4652 |archive-date=March 8, 2016 |dead-url=no |date=June 19, 2015}}</ref> In ''Critical Thinking: Pseudoscience and the Paranormal'', Johnathan Smith lists RationalWiki in an exercise on finding and identifying fallacies.<ref>Smith, Jonathan C. Critical Thinking: Pseudoscience and the Paranormal. John Wiley & Sons, 2017, pp 77. 9781119029489</ref>
Andrea Ballatore, a lecturer at [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] described RationalWiki as a [[Debunker|debunking]] website, finding it to be the most visible debunking website of [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] in terms of [[Google Search|Google]] and [[Bing (search engine)|Bing]] search results, slightly more visible than [[rense.com]] and less visible than [[YouTube]] or Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ballatore |first=Andrea |url=http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/5597/4652 |title=Google chemtrails: A methodology to analyze topic representation in search engine results. |issue=7 |journal=First Monday |volume=20 |series=20.7 (2015) |accessdate=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308111444/http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/5597/4652 |archive-date=March 8, 2016 |dead-url=no |date=June 19, 2015}}</ref> In ''Critical Thinking: Pseudoscience and the Paranormal'', Johnathan Smith lists RationalWiki in an exercise on finding and identifying fallacies.<ref>Smith, Jonathan C. Critical Thinking: Pseudoscience and the Paranormal. John Wiley & Sons, 2017, pp 77. 9781119029489</ref>


In ''Intelligent Systems 2014'', Alexander Shvets stated that RationalWiki is one of the few online resources that "provide some information about pseudoscientific theories" and notes that it attempts to "organize and categorize knowledge about pseudoscientific theories, personalities, and organizations".<ref>{{cite book |title=Intelligent Systems'2014: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems IS'2014, September 24{{ndash}}26, 2014, Warsaw, Poland, Volume 2: Tools, Architectures, Systems, Applications. Series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 323|at=A Method of Automatic Detection of Pseudoscientific Publications, page 533 et seq.|last=Shvets|first=Alexander|display-editors=3|editor-last1=Filev|editor-first1=D.|editor-last2=Jabłkowski|editor-first2=J.|editor-last3=Kacprzyk|editor-first3=J.|editor-last4=Krawczak|editor-first4=M.|editor-last5=Popchev|editor-first5=I.|editor-last6=Rutkowski|editor-first6=L.|editor-last7=Sgurev|editor-first7=V.|editor-last8=Sotirova|editor-first8=E.|editor-last9=Szynkarczyk|editor-first9=P.|editor-last10=Zadrozny|editor-first10=S.|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] | date=October 2, 2014|isbn=978-3-319-11310-4}}</ref> Similarly, Keeler et al. stated that sites like RationalWiki can help to "sort out the complexities" that arise when "distant and unfamiliar and complex things are communicated to great masses of people".<ref name=Crowdsourced>{{cite web |url=http://necsi.edu/events/iccs2011/papers/45.pdf#page=4 |title=Crowdsourced Knowledge: Peril and Promise for Complex Knowledge Systems |first1=Mary |last1=Keeler |first2=Josh |last2=Johnson |first3=Arun |last3=Majumdar |page=4 |accessdate=January 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413184123/http://necsi.edu/events/iccs2011/papers/45.pdf#page=4 |archive-date=April 13, 2015 |dead-url=no}}</ref> Benjamin Brojakowski of [[Bowling Green State University]] described RationalWiki as "a Wikipedia-style website aimed at educating individuals with unorthodox views".<ref>{{cite web |last=Brojakowski |first=Benjamin |url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=bgsu1499383965589843&disposition=inline |title=Digital Whiteness Imperialism: Redefining Caucasian Identity Post-Boston Bombing |publisher=[[Bowling Green State University]] (dissertation) |date=August 2017 |accessdate=October 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003175106/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=bgsu1499383965589843&disposition=inline |archive-date=October 3, 2017 |dead-url=no}}</ref>
In ''Intelligent Systems 2014'', Alexander Shvets stated that RationalWiki is one of the few online resources that "provide some information about pseudoscientific theories" and notes that it attempts to "organize and categorize knowledge about pseudoscientific theories, personalities, and organizations".<ref>{{cite book |title=Intelligent Systems'2014: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems IS'2014, September 24{{ndash}}26, 2014, Warsaw, Poland, Volume 2: Tools, Architectures, Systems, Applications. Series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 323|at=A Method of Automatic Detection of Pseudoscientific Publications, page 533 et seq.|last=Shvets|first=Alexander|display-editors=3|editor-last1=Filev|editor-first1=D.|editor-last2=Jabłkowski|editor-first2=J.|editor-last3=Kacprzyk|editor-first3=J.|editor-last4=Krawczak|editor-first4=M.|editor-last5=Popchev|editor-first5=I.|editor-last6=Rutkowski|editor-first6=L.|editor-last7=Sgurev|editor-first7=V.|editor-last8=Sotirova|editor-first8=E.|editor-last9=Szynkarczyk|editor-first9=P.|editor-last10=Zadrozny|editor-first10=S.|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] | date=October 2, 2014|isbn=978-3-319-11310-4}}</ref> Similarly, Keeler et al. stated that sites like RationalWiki can help to "sort out the complexities" that arise when "distant and unfamiliar and complex things are communicated to great masses of people".<ref name=Crowdsourced>{{cite web |url=http://necsi.edu/events/iccs2011/papers/45.pdf#page=4 |title=Crowdsourced Knowledge: Peril and Promise for Complex Knowledge Systems |first1=Mary |last1=Keeler |first2=Josh |last2=Johnson |first3=Arun |last3=Majumdar |page=4 |accessdate=January 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413184123/http://necsi.edu/events/iccs2011/papers/45.pdf#page=4 |archive-date=April 13, 2015 |dead-url=no}}</ref> Benjamin Brojakowski of [[Bowling Green State University]] described RationalWiki as "a Wikipedia-style website aimed at educating individuals with unorthodox views".<ref>{{cite web |last=Brojakowski |first=Benjamin |url=https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=bgsu1499383965589843&disposition=inline |title=Digital Whiteness Imperialism: Redefining Caucasian Identity Post-Boston Bombing |publisher=[[Bowling Green State University]] (dissertation) |date=August 2017 |accessdate=October 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003175106/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=bgsu1499383965589843&disposition=inline |archive-date=October 3, 2017 |dead-url=no}}</ref> [[Anders Giæver]] of Norwegian newspaper ''[[Verdens Gang]]'' described RationalWiki as a website that "specializes in anonymous harassment of political opponents" in a piece discussing [[Document.no]] contributor Hanne Tolg.<ref name="VG 2015">{{cite news |last=Giæver |first=Lars |title=Lønn eller ytringsfrihet? |website=VG |date=October 10, 2015 |url=https://www.vg.no/i/AodzE |language=no |access-date=June 22, 2019 |quote=På nettstedet RationalWiki som har spesialisert seg på anonym sjikane av politiske motstandere, ble artiklene hennes beskrevet som "rasistiske og islamofobe", uten noen form for kildeangivelse eller eksempler. [On the website RationalWiki, which specializes in anonymous harassment of political opponents, her articles were described as "racist and Islamophobic", without any kind of source or examples.]}}</ref>


Tom Chivers of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' cited and quoted RationalWiki for background on several [[Internet]] laws.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/6408927/Internet-rules-and-laws-the-top-10-from-Godwin-to-Poe.html|date=October 23, 2009|title=Internet rules and laws: the top 10 from Godwin to Poe|first1=Tom|last1=Chivers|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref> [[Snopes]] has repeatedly quoted RationalWiki for background on Sorcha Faal of the European Union Times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/politics/conspiracy/monsanto.asp|title=Russia Warns Obama: Monsanto|date=May 29, 2013|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/politics/conspiracy/radicalchange.asp|title=Loose Change|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/politics/conspiracy/charleston.asp|title=Rapid Fire|date=October 15, 2013|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/politics/conspiracy/montana.asp|title=Outboxing Helena|date=January 27, 2014|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref> RationalWiki was quoted by Magnus Ramage in ''Perspectives on Information'' about the "[[Lenski affair]]".<ref>{{cite book|isbn=1-136-70763-8|publisher=Routledge|first1=Magnus|last1=Ramage|first2=David|last2=Chapman|date=2012|title=Perspectives on Information|page=90}}</ref> It was quoted by Thomas Leitch in ''Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age'' on the [[Citizendium#History|history of Citizendium]].<ref>{{cite book|isbn=1-4214-1550-X|publisher=JHU Press|first1=Thomas|last1=Leitch|date=2014|title=Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age|page=145}}</ref> RationalWiki was cited by Reiss Rubinstein and Lois Weithorn in ''Responding to the Childhood Vaccination Crisis'' about the website Whale.to, saying that "Whale.to ... is sufficiently familiar to science advocates to be identified as a particularly noncredible source for citation and reliance", using RationalWiki as a source.<ref>Reiss, Dorit Rubinstein, and Lois A. Weithorn. "[http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=836003098074001079005096124086066081113072089033089044065118030103091069064017082096019037058000058022054081013009094064109066056045086013087023087025109079006005031001031075124095115064127101110106097120103087105065031086004024116066004099080086103&EXT=pd Responding to the Childhood Vaccination Crisis: Legal Frameworks and Tools in the Context of Parental Vaccine Refusal]." (PDF) Buffalo Law Review 63 (2015).</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' also referenced RationalWiki's explanation of [[Gish gallop]]s in an article on [[climate change denial]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2016/jul/25/these-are-the-best-arguments-from-the-3-of-climate-scientist-skeptics-really |last=Nuccitelli| first=Dana| title=These are the best arguments from the 3% of climate scientist 'skeptics.' Really.|date=July 25, 2016|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=October 6, 2017}}</ref>
Tom Chivers of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' cited and quoted RationalWiki for background on several [[Internet]] laws.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/6408927/Internet-rules-and-laws-the-top-10-from-Godwin-to-Poe.html|date=October 23, 2009|title=Internet rules and laws: the top 10 from Godwin to Poe|first1=Tom|last1=Chivers|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref> [[Snopes]] has repeatedly quoted RationalWiki for background on Sorcha Faal of the European Union Times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/politics/conspiracy/monsanto.asp|title=Russia Warns Obama: Monsanto|date=May 29, 2013|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/politics/conspiracy/radicalchange.asp|title=Loose Change|date=October 10, 2013|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/politics/conspiracy/charleston.asp|title=Rapid Fire|date=October 15, 2013|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snopes.com/politics/conspiracy/montana.asp|title=Outboxing Helena|date=January 27, 2014|publisher=Snopes.com|accessdate=January 19, 2015}}</ref> RationalWiki was quoted by Magnus Ramage in ''Perspectives on Information'' about the "[[Lenski affair]]".<ref>{{cite book|isbn=1-136-70763-8|publisher=Routledge|first1=Magnus|last1=Ramage|first2=David|last2=Chapman|date=2012|title=Perspectives on Information|page=90}}</ref> It was quoted by Thomas Leitch in ''Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age'' on the [[Citizendium#History|history of Citizendium]].<ref>{{cite book|isbn=1-4214-1550-X|publisher=JHU Press|first1=Thomas|last1=Leitch|date=2014|title=Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age|page=145}}</ref> RationalWiki was cited by Reiss Rubinstein and Lois Weithorn in ''Responding to the Childhood Vaccination Crisis'' about the website Whale.to, saying that "Whale.to ... is sufficiently familiar to science advocates to be identified as a particularly noncredible source for citation and reliance", using RationalWiki as a source.<ref>Reiss, Dorit Rubinstein, and Lois A. Weithorn. "[http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=836003098074001079005096124086066081113072089033089044065118030103091069064017082096019037058000058022054081013009094064109066056045086013087023087025109079006005031001031075124095115064127101110106097120103087105065031086004024116066004099080086103&EXT=pd Responding to the Childhood Vaccination Crisis: Legal Frameworks and Tools in the Context of Parental Vaccine Refusal]." (PDF) Buffalo Law Review 63 (2015).</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' also referenced RationalWiki's explanation of [[Gish gallop]]s in an article on [[climate change denial]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2016/jul/25/these-are-the-best-arguments-from-the-3-of-climate-scientist-skeptics-really |last=Nuccitelli| first=Dana| title=These are the best arguments from the 3% of climate scientist 'skeptics.' Really.|date=July 25, 2016|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=October 6, 2017}}</ref>

Revision as of 02:01, 23 June 2019

RationalWiki
RationalWiki Main Page as of March 11, 2019
Type of site
Wiki
Available inEnglish, Russian and more[1]
OwnerRationalMedia Foundation[2]
Created byVolunteer contributors[3]
URLrationalwiki.org
CommercialNo
RegistrationOptional
Written inMediaWiki software

RationalWiki is a wiki whose stated aims are to critique and challenge pseudoscience and the anti-science movement, explore authoritarianism and fundamentalism and analyze how these subjects are handled in the media.[7] It was created in 2007 to counter Conservapedia after an incident in which contributors attempting to edit Conservapedia were banned.

History

Origin

In April 2007, Peter Lipson, a doctor of internal medicine, attempted to edit Conservapedia's article on breast cancer to include evidence against Conservapedia's claim that abortion was linked to the disease. Conservapedia is an encyclopedia started by Andy Schlafly as an alternative to Wikipedia, which Schlafly perceived as suffering from liberal and atheist bias. He and Conservapedia administrators "questioned [Lipson's] credentials and shut down debate". After they were blocked, "Lipson and several other contributors quit trying to moderate the articles [on Conservapedia] and instead started their own website, RationalWiki".[8][9]

RationalMedia Foundation

Prior to 2010, RationalWiki's domains were registered to Trent Toulouse, and the wiki was hosted from a server located in his home.[5] In 2010, Trent Toulouse incorporated a nonprofit organization, the RationalWiki Foundation Inc., to manage the affairs and pay the operational expenses of the website.[2] In July 2013, the RationalWiki Foundation changed its name to the RationalMedia Foundation, stating that its aims extended beyond the RationalWiki site alone.[10]

Content

RationalWiki differs in several ways from the philosophy of Wikipedia and some other informational wikis. It is written from a self-described "snarky point of view" (SPOV) rather than a "neutral point of view" (NPOV), and publishes opinion, speculation, and original research.[11] Many RationalWiki articles mockingly describe beliefs that RationalWiki opposes, especially when covering topics like alternative medicine or fundamentalist Christian leaders.[9]

A significant fraction of activity on RationalWiki was critiquing and "monitor[ing] Conservapedia".[8] RationalWiki contributors, many of whom are former Conservapedia contributors, are often highly critical of Conservapedia, and according to an article published in the Los Angeles Times in 2007, RationalWiki members "by their own admission" vandalize Conservapedia.[8] Lester Haines of The Register stated: "Its entry entitled 'Conservapedia:Delusions' promptly mocks the claims that 'Homosexuality is a mental disorder', 'Atheists are sociopaths', and 'During the 6 days of creation G-d placed the Earth inside a black hole to slow down time so the light from distant stars had time to reach us'".[9]

Reception

Andrea Ballatore, a lecturer at University of California, Santa Barbara described RationalWiki as a debunking website, finding it to be the most visible debunking website of conspiracy theories in terms of Google and Bing search results, slightly more visible than rense.com and less visible than YouTube or Wikipedia.[12] In Critical Thinking: Pseudoscience and the Paranormal, Johnathan Smith lists RationalWiki in an exercise on finding and identifying fallacies.[13]

In Intelligent Systems 2014, Alexander Shvets stated that RationalWiki is one of the few online resources that "provide some information about pseudoscientific theories" and notes that it attempts to "organize and categorize knowledge about pseudoscientific theories, personalities, and organizations".[14] Similarly, Keeler et al. stated that sites like RationalWiki can help to "sort out the complexities" that arise when "distant and unfamiliar and complex things are communicated to great masses of people".[15] Benjamin Brojakowski of Bowling Green State University described RationalWiki as "a Wikipedia-style website aimed at educating individuals with unorthodox views".[16] Anders Giæver of Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang described RationalWiki as a website that "specializes in anonymous harassment of political opponents" in a piece discussing Document.no contributor Hanne Tolg.[17]

Tom Chivers of The Daily Telegraph cited and quoted RationalWiki for background on several Internet laws.[18] Snopes has repeatedly quoted RationalWiki for background on Sorcha Faal of the European Union Times.[19][20][21][22] RationalWiki was quoted by Magnus Ramage in Perspectives on Information about the "Lenski affair".[23] It was quoted by Thomas Leitch in Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age on the history of Citizendium.[24] RationalWiki was cited by Reiss Rubinstein and Lois Weithorn in Responding to the Childhood Vaccination Crisis about the website Whale.to, saying that "Whale.to ... is sufficiently familiar to science advocates to be identified as a particularly noncredible source for citation and reliance", using RationalWiki as a source.[25] The Guardian also referenced RationalWiki's explanation of Gish gallops in an article on climate change denial.[26]

Several blogs and op-eds have responded harshly to specific RationalWiki articles that criticized their beliefs. Paul Austin Murphy, of American Thinker magazine, criticized RationalWiki for calling American Thinker a "wingnut publication".[27] George Selgin of the Cato Institute disagreed with RationalWiki's criticism of the stability of the gold standard.[28] Franklin Einspruch of The Federalist criticized RationalWiki for claiming that "Cultural Marxism" is a conspiracy theory.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ "RationalWiki:Languages – RationalWiki". rationalwiki.org. Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved October 9, 2018. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b "About". RationalMedia Foundation. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "General disclaimer". RationalWiki. Archived from the original on January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "RationalWiki:Copyrights". RationalWiki. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b "Timeline". RationalWiki. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "Rationalwiki.org Site Info". Alexa Internet. Archived from the original on December 30, 2018. Retrieved January 7, 2019. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "RationalWiki – RationalWiki". rationalwiki.org. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2017. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b c Simon, Stephanie (June 22, 2007). "A conservative's answer to Wikipedia". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  9. ^ a b c Haines, Lester (June 20, 2007). "Need hard facts? Try Conservapedia". The Register. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "Introducing the new RationalMedia Foundation". RationalMedia Foundation blog. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "What is a RationalWiki article?". RationalWiki. Archived from the original on February 9, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Ballatore, Andrea (June 19, 2015). "Google chemtrails: A methodology to analyze topic representation in search engine results". First Monday. 20.7 (2015). 20 (7). Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2016. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Smith, Jonathan C. Critical Thinking: Pseudoscience and the Paranormal. John Wiley & Sons, 2017, pp 77. 9781119029489
  14. ^ Shvets, Alexander (October 2, 2014). Filev, D.; Jabłkowski, J.; Kacprzyk, J.; et al. (eds.). Intelligent Systems'2014: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems IS'2014, September 24–26, 2014, Warsaw, Poland, Volume 2: Tools, Architectures, Systems, Applications. Series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 323. Springer Publishing. A Method of Automatic Detection of Pseudoscientific Publications, page 533 et seq. ISBN 978-3-319-11310-4.
  15. ^ Keeler, Mary; Johnson, Josh; Majumdar, Arun. "Crowdsourced Knowledge: Peril and Promise for Complex Knowledge Systems" (PDF). p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 13, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Brojakowski, Benjamin (August 2017). "Digital Whiteness Imperialism: Redefining Caucasian Identity Post-Boston Bombing". Bowling Green State University (dissertation). Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Giæver, Lars (October 10, 2015). "Lønn eller ytringsfrihet?". VG (in Norwegian). Retrieved June 22, 2019. På nettstedet RationalWiki som har spesialisert seg på anonym sjikane av politiske motstandere, ble artiklene hennes beskrevet som "rasistiske og islamofobe", uten noen form for kildeangivelse eller eksempler. [On the website RationalWiki, which specializes in anonymous harassment of political opponents, her articles were described as "racist and Islamophobic", without any kind of source or examples.]
  18. ^ Chivers, Tom (October 23, 2009). "Internet rules and laws: the top 10 from Godwin to Poe". The Telegraph. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  19. ^ "Russia Warns Obama: Monsanto". Snopes.com. May 29, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  20. ^ "Loose Change". Snopes.com. October 10, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  21. ^ "Rapid Fire". Snopes.com. October 15, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  22. ^ "Outboxing Helena". Snopes.com. January 27, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  23. ^ Ramage, Magnus; Chapman, David (2012). Perspectives on Information. Routledge. p. 90. ISBN 1-136-70763-8.
  24. ^ Leitch, Thomas (2014). Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age. JHU Press. p. 145. ISBN 1-4214-1550-X.
  25. ^ Reiss, Dorit Rubinstein, and Lois A. Weithorn. "Responding to the Childhood Vaccination Crisis: Legal Frameworks and Tools in the Context of Parental Vaccine Refusal." (PDF) Buffalo Law Review 63 (2015).
  26. ^ Nuccitelli, Dana (July 25, 2016). "These are the best arguments from the 3% of climate scientist 'skeptics.' Really". The Guardian. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  27. ^ Murphy, Paul (November 19, 2014). "American Thinker is a Wingnut Publication". Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Selgin, George (June 4, 2015). "Ten Things Every Economist Should Know about the Gold Standard". Archived from the original on August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ Einspruch, Franklin (September 6, 2016). "Cultural Marxists Are Actually Pomofascists". The Federalist. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RationalWiki&oldid=903032560"