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{{short description|Russian spacesuit model}}
{{for|the Krechyet class of aircraft carriers|Kiev class aircraft carrier}}
{{for|the Krechyet class of aircraft carriers|Kiev class aircraft carrier}}


[[Image:~DSCN2653.JPG|thumb|right|230px|Krechet Suit]]
[[Image:Krechet-94 space suit, NASM.jpg|thumb|right|Krechet-94 Suit]]
[[Image:Soviet moon suit side.jpg|thumb]]
[[Image:Soviet moon suit side.jpg|thumb]]
The '''Krechet-94''' ([[Russian language|Russian]] '''Кречет''', meaning ''[[gyrfalcon]]'') is a [[space suit]] model developed for [[moon|lunar]] [[extravehicular activity|excursion]] during the [[Soviet Moonshot|Soviet manned lunar program]]. It was designed by [[NPP Zvezda]]. Development begin in 1967, concurrently with the [[Orlan space suits|Orlan]] suit for [[microgravity]] [[extravehicular activity|spacewalks]]. The developmental model was known simply as Krechet.<ref name=Rs>{{cite book |title= Russian Spacesuits |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= Isaac Abramov & Ingemar Skoog |year= 2003 |publisher= Praxis Publishing Ltd. |location= Chichester, UK |isbn= 1-85233-732-X |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=f7pZosHqkbEC&dq=S-901J+suit&source=gbs_navlinks_s |}}</ref>
The '''Krechet-94''' ([[Russian language|Russian]] '''Кречет''', meaning ''[[gyrfalcon]]'') is a [[space suit]] model developed for [[moon|lunar]] [[extravehicular activity|excursion]] during the [[Soviet Moonshot|Soviet crewed lunar program]]. It was designed by [[NPP Zvezda]]. Development began in 1967, concurrently with the [[Orlan space suits|Orlan]] suit for [[microgravity]] [[extravehicular activity|spacewalks]]. The developmental model was known simply as Krechet.<ref name=Rs>{{cite book |title= Russian Spacesuits |author=Isaac Abramov & Ingemar Skoog |year= 2003 |publisher= Praxis Publishing Ltd. |location= Chichester, UK |isbn= 1-85233-732-X |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=f7pZosHqkbEC&q=S-901J+suit }}</ref>


==Design features==
==Design features==
Weighing 90 kg (198 lb), the suit could operate for 10 hours before requiring a resupply of consumables, and had a total operating lifetime of 48 hours. The Krechet was the first semi-rigid space suit ever developed, with an [[Aluminium alloy|aluminum alloy]] [[hard upper torso]] and soft fabric limbs. This design was later adopted by the [[United States|American]] [[Extravehicular Mobility Unit|EMU]] and later [[Russia]]n suits. The Krechet included waist and hip joints which were not present in the Orlan. The shoulders and wrists of the suit included [[ball-bearing]] joints, which allowed for almost 360 degree rotation.
Weighing 90&nbsp;kg (198&nbsp;lb), the suit could operate for 10 hours before requiring a resupply of consumables, and had a total operating lifetime of 48 hours. The Krechet was the first semi-rigid space suit ever developed, with an [[Aluminium alloy|aluminum alloy]] [[hard upper torso]] and soft fabric limbs. This design was later adopted by the [[United States|American]] [[Extravehicular Mobility Unit|EMU]] and later [[Russia]]n suits. The Krechet included waist and hip joints which were not present in the Orlan. The shoulders and wrists of the suit included [[ball-bearing]] joints, which allowed for almost 360 degree rotation.


The Krechet was a rear-entry suit, meaning that [[cosmonaut]]s would enter the suit through a hatch in the back. This entry was easier and more reliable than the use of a [[zipper]]. The hatch could then be opened by means of a lever by the right elbow. The [[Primary Life Support System|life support backpack]] was incorporated into the hatch. The rear-entry hatch concept is attributed to Zvezda engineer Anatoli Stoklitskii.
The Krechet was a rear-entry suit, meaning that [[cosmonaut]]s would enter the suit through a hatch in the back. This entry was easier and more reliable than the use of a [[zipper]]. The hatch could then be opened by means of a lever by the right elbow. The [[Primary Life Support System|life support backpack]] was incorporated into the hatch. The rear-entry hatch concept is attributed to Zvezda engineer Anatoli Stoklitskii.


The suit featured a chest-mounted control and instrument panel which could fold out for use or fold flat against the chest when not needed. The suit also featured a metal "[[hula hoop]]" ring on the back, which would allow a solo astronaut who fell on his back to roll onto his side and use his arms and legs to stand. The suit had two snap-down visors, providing differing levels of sun protection, in addition to a clear visor. The outer visor was coated in gold for reflectivity.
The suit featured a chest-mounted control and instrument panel which could fold out for use or fold flat against the chest when not needed. The suit also featured a metal "[[hula hoop]]" ring on the back, which would allow a solo cosmonaut who fell on his back to roll onto his side and use his arms and legs to stand. The suit had two snap-down visors, providing differing levels of sun protection, in addition to a clear visor. The outer visor was coated in gold for reflectivity.


The suit was designed to be worn over a [[liquid cooling and ventilation garment|liquid cooling garment]]. The inner fabric of the suit was gray nylon canvas. The suit was insulated with waffle-textured foil. The outer layer was an off-white satin-weave fabric with orange trim.
The suit was designed to be worn over a [[liquid cooling and ventilation garment|liquid cooling garment]]. The inner fabric of the suit was gray nylon canvas. The suit was insulated with waffle-textured foil. The outer layer was an off-white satin-weave fabric with orange trim.
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== Specifications ==
== Specifications ==
'''Name:''' Krechet-94/Krechet Spacesuit<ref name=Rs/>
*'''Name:''' Krechet-94/Krechet Spacesuit<ref name=Rs/>
⚫
*'''Derived from:''' SKV EVA (developmental) Spacesuit<ref name=Rs/>

⚫
*'''Manufacturer:''' NPP Zvezda
⚫
'''Derived from:''' SKV EVA (developmental) Spacesuit<ref name=Rs/>
⚫
*'''Missions:''' Never used

⚫
*'''Function:''' [[Moon|Lunar]] extra-vehicular activity (EVA)
⚫
'''Manufacturer:''' NPP Zvezda
⚫
*'''Operating Pressure:''' {{convert|400|hPa|abbr=on}}<ref name=Rs/>

*'''Total Weight:''' {{convert|106|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name=Rs/>
⚫
'''Missions:''' Never used
⚫
*'''Primary Life Support:''' 10 hours (600 minutes)<ref name=Rs/>

⚫
'''Function:''' [[Terrestrial]] Extra-vehicular activity (EVA)

⚫
'''Operating Pressure:''' 5.8 psi (400 hPa)<ref name=Rs/>

'''Total Weight:''' 234 lb (106 kg)

⚫
'''Primary Life Support:''' 10 hours (600 minutes)<ref name=Rs/>


==Images==
==Images==
⚫
<gallery class="center" mode=nolines perrow="5">
<center>
Image:Krechet.JPG | A suit model located at [[Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics]] in Moscow.
⚫
<gallery perrow="5">
Image:Krechet.JPG | A suit model located at [[Memorial Museum of Astronautics]] in Moscow.
Image:Krechet space suit - Air and Space.jpg|Suit located at the [[National Air and Space Museum]] in Washington, D.C.
</gallery>
</gallery>
</center>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
<div class="references-small">
* http://www.myspacemuseum.com/krechet.htm
* http://www.myspacemuseum.com/krechet.htm
* http://www.myspacemuseum.com/sotheby.htm
* http://www.myspacemuseum.com/sotheby.htm
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| work = EVA Worksite
| work = EVA Worksite
| url = http://www.myspacemuseum.com/evasov.htm
| url = http://www.myspacemuseum.com/evasov.htm
| accessdate = 2007-04-02 }}
| access-date = 2007-04-02 }}
* http://www.astronautix.com/craft/krechet.htm
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161228021824/http://astronautix.com/k/krechet.html Krechet] at [[Encyclopedia Astronautica]]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090329002339/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/krechet.htm
</div>
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://galspace.spb.ru/museum-3.php?foto_page=27 Photo of Krechet space suit at Memorial Museum of Astronautics in Moscow]
* [http://galspace.spb.ru/museum-3.php?foto_page=27 Photo of Krechet space suit at Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics in Moscow]



{{space suit}}
{{space suit}}
{{Space-stub}}
{{N1-L3}}
{{Mech-engineering-stub}}


[[Category:Soviet and Russian spacesuits]]
[[Category:Soviet and Russian spacesuits]]
[[Category:Human spaceflight]]
[[Category:Space technology]]

[[es:Krechet]]
[[it:Krechet]]

Latest revision as of 05:58, 10 September 2023

For the Krechyet class of aircraft carriers, see Kiev class aircraft carrier.
Krechet-94 Suit

The Krechet-94 (Russian Кречет, meaning gyrfalcon) is a space suit model developed for lunar excursion during the Soviet crewed lunar program. It was designed by NPP Zvezda. Development began in 1967, concurrently with the Orlan suit for microgravity spacewalks. The developmental model was known simply as Krechet.[1]

Design features

[edit]

Weighing 90 kg (198 lb), the suit could operate for 10 hours before requiring a resupply of consumables, and had a total operating lifetime of 48 hours. The Krechet was the first semi-rigid space suit ever developed, with an aluminum alloy hard upper torso and soft fabric limbs. This design was later adopted by the American EMU and later Russian suits. The Krechet included waist and hip joints which were not present in the Orlan. The shoulders and wrists of the suit included ball-bearing joints, which allowed for almost 360 degree rotation.

The Krechet was a rear-entry suit, meaning that cosmonauts would enter the suit through a hatch in the back. This entry was easier and more reliable than the use of a zipper. The hatch could then be opened by means of a lever by the right elbow. The life support backpack was incorporated into the hatch. The rear-entry hatch concept is attributed to Zvezda engineer Anatoli Stoklitskii.

The suit featured a chest-mounted control and instrument panel which could fold out for use or fold flat against the chest when not needed. The suit also featured a metal "hula hoop" ring on the back, which would allow a solo cosmonaut who fell on his back to roll onto his side and use his arms and legs to stand. The suit had two snap-down visors, providing differing levels of sun protection, in addition to a clear visor. The outer visor was coated in gold for reflectivity.

The suit was designed to be worn over a liquid cooling garment. The inner fabric of the suit was gray nylon canvas. The suit was insulated with waffle-textured foil. The outer layer was an off-white satin-weave fabric with orange trim.

Because of constraints in shoulder and elbow mobility in the Krechet, the Soviet lunar lander featured a "finger controller" which allowed a suited pilot to operate the lander. The Krechet would have served as a microgravity suit as well as a surface suit, as the Soviet lunar lander (LK) and command module (LOK) were not designed for intravehicular crew transfer.

Specifications

[edit]
  • Name: Krechet-94/Krechet Spacesuit[1]
  • Derived from: SKV EVA (developmental) Spacesuit[1]
  • Manufacturer: NPP Zvezda
  • Missions: Never used
  • Function: Lunar extra-vehicular activity (EVA)
  • Operating Pressure: 400 hPa (5.8 psi)[1]
  • Total Weight: 106 kg (234 lb)[1]
  • Primary Life Support: 10 hours (600 minutes)[1]

Images

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Isaac Abramov & Ingemar Skoog (2003). Russian Spacesuits. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85233-732-X.
[edit]
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