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{{Short description|British Hawkins-class heavy cruiser}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{good article}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=File:ROYAL NAVY WARSHIPS OF THE INTER-WAR PERIOD Q65717.jpg
|Ship caption=''Effingham'' between 1925 and 1936
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name=''Effingham''
|Ship namesake = [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham|Lord Howard of Effingham]]
|Ship ordered= December 1915
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[HM Dockyard, Portsmouth]]
|Ship laid down=6 April 1917
|Ship launched=8 June 1921
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=July 1925
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]]: 98 (1925);<ref name="Dittmar Colledge">{{Cite book |last=Dittmar |first=F J |title=British Warships 1914–1919 |last2=Colledge |first2=J J |date=1972 |publisher=Ian Allan |location=Shepperton |page=49}}</ref> I98 (1938); D98 (1940)<ref name="Lenton Cruisers">{{Cite book |last=Lenton |first=H T |title=British Cruisers |date=1973 |publisher=Macdonald |location=London |page=151}}</ref>
|Ship fate=Wrecked off [[Bodø (town)|Bodø]], [[Norway]], 18 May 1940
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=(as built)
|Ship class={{sclass|Hawkins|cruiser|0}} [[heavy cruiser]]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|9860|LT|t|lk=on}} ([[Displacement (ship)#Standard displacement|standard]])
*{{convert|12800|LT|t}} ([[deep load]])
|Ship length=*{{convert|604|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on|1}} ([[Length overall|o/a]])
|Ship beam={{convert|65|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}
|Ship draught={{convert|19|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on|1}} ([[deep load]])
|Ship power=*10 × [[Yarrow boiler]]s
*{{convert|65000|shp|lk=on|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=4 × shafts; 4 × geared [[steam turbine]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|30.5|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|5640|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}}
|Ship complement=690
|Ship armament=*7 × single [[BL 7.5 inch Mk VI naval gun|{{cvt|7.5|in|0}} guns]]
* 3 × single [[QF 4-inch naval gun Mk V|{{cvt|4|in|0}}]] [[AA gun]]s
* 2 × single [[QF 2 pounder naval gun#QF 2-pounder Mark II|2-pdr ({{cvt|40|mm|1|order=flip}})]] AA guns
* 6 × [[British 21 inch torpedo|21&nbsp;in (533&nbsp;mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship armour=*[[Belt armor|Belt]]: {{convert|1.5|-|3|in|cm|abbr=on}}
*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|1|-|1.5|in|cm|abbr=on}}
*[[Gun shield]]s: {{convert|1|in|cm|abbr=on}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=(1938)
|Ship power=*8 × Yarrow boilers
*{{cvt|61000|shp}}
|Ship speed={{convert|29|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|5410|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn}}
|Ship complement=over 800
|Ship armament=*9 × single [[BL 6 inch Mk XII naval gun|{{cvt|6|in|0}} guns]]
* 4 × single 4 in AA guns
* 3 × quadruple [[Vickers .50 machine gun|{{cvt|0.5|in|1}}]] [[anti-aircraft machinegun|AA machine guns]]
* 4 × 21&nbsp;in torpedo tubes
}}
|}

'''HMS ''Effingham''''' was one of five {{sclass|Hawkins|cruiser|0}} [[heavy cruiser]]s built for the [[Royal Navy during the First World War]]. She was not finished during the war and construction proceeded very slowly after the end of the war in 1918. Completed in 1925, the ship was assigned to the [[East Indies Station]], sometimes serving as a [[flagship]]. She returned home in 1932 and was assigned to the [[Reserve Fleet (United Kingdom)|Reserve Fleet]] as its flagship for the next four years. ''Effingham'' was rearmed and modernized in 1937–1938 and then resumed her previous role.

When the [[Second World War]] began in September 1939, ''Effingham'' was assigned to the [[Northern Patrol]], but severe engine problems caused her to spend most of the next six months under repair. In between [[dockyard]] visits, the ship ferried a load of gold bullion to Canada and was briefly assigned to the [[North America and West Indies Station]]. After a lengthy refit at the beginning of 1940, ''Effingham'' supported [[Allies of World War II|Allied troops]] during the [[Norwegian Campaign]], mostly bombarding German positions and providing [[naval gunfire support]] to troops ashore. While ferrying troops and supplies to [[Bodø (town)|Bodø]] on 18 May, the ship struck a [[shoal]] due to a navigational error and sank in shallow water. Her crew was evacuated without loss and the cruiser destroyed by a pair of torpedoes from an accompanying [[destroyer]]. Her wreck was [[Marine salvage|salvaged]] after the war with only some minor wreckage remaining.

==Design and description==
[[File:Hawkins class cruiser diagrams Brasseys 1923.jpg|thumb|left|Right plan and elevation from [[Brassey's Naval Annual]] 1923]]
The ''Hawkins''-class cruisers were designed to be able to hunt down [[commerce raider]]s in the open ocean, for which they needed a heavy armament, high speed and long range. ''Effingham'' had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|604|ft|10|in|m|1}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|65|ft|m|1}}<ref>Raven & Roberts, pp. 51, 404</ref> and a [[draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|19|ft|3|in|m|1}} at [[deep load]].<ref name="p3">Preston, p. 63</ref> The ship [[Displacement (ship)|displaced]] {{convert|9860|LT|t|lk=on}} at ([[Displacement (ship)#Standard displacement|standard load]])<ref name="r4">Raven & Roberts, p. 404</ref> and {{convert|12190|LT|t}} at deep load.<ref name=p3/> Her crew numbered 690 officers and [[naval rating|ratings]].<ref name=r4/>

The ships were originally designed with {{convert|60000|shp|lk=on|adj=on}} propulsion machinery, but the Admiralty decided in 1917 to replace their four coal-fired boilers with more powerful oil-burning ones. This change could only be applied to the three least-advanced ships, including ''Effingham'', although she did not receive the full upgrade. The ship was powered by four [[John Brown & Company|Brown-Curtis]] geared [[steam turbine]] sets, each driving one [[propeller shaft]] using steam provided by 10 [[Yarrow boiler]]s that were ducted into two [[funnel (ship)|funnel]]s. The turbines were rated at {{cvt|65000|shp}} for a speed of {{convert|30.5|kn|lk=in}}.<ref>Friedman, p. 69; Raven & Roberts, pp. 52–53</ref> ''Effingham'' carried {{cvt|2186|LT|t}} of [[fuel oil]] to give her a range of {{convert|5640|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}}.<ref>Friedman, p. 390</ref>

The main armament of the ''Hawkins''-class ships consisted of seven [[BL 7.5 inch Mk VI naval gun|{{convert|7.5|in|0|adj=on}} Mk VI guns]] in single mounts protected by {{convert|1|in|adj=on|0}} [[gun shield]]s. They were arranged with five guns on the [[centerline (nautical)|centreline]], four of which were in [[superfiring]] pairs fore and aft of the [[superstructure]], the fifth gun was further aft on the [[quarterdeck]], and the last two as [[wing turret|wing guns]] abreast the aft funnel. Their [[anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft suite]] consisted of three [[QF 4-inch naval gun Mk V|{{convert|4|in|0|adj=on}} Mk V guns]] and a pair of [[QF 2 pounder naval gun#QF 2-pounder Mark II|two-pounder ({{convert|40|mm|1|order=flip|adj=on}})]] guns. Two of the Mk V guns were positioned at the base of the [[mainmast]] and the third gun was on the quarterdeck. The two-pounders were mounted on a platform between the funnels. The ships were also fitted with six [[British 21 inch torpedo|21-inch (533&nbsp;mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s, one submerged and two above water on each [[Broadside (naval)|broadside]].<ref>Friedman, pp. 66–67; Raven & Roberts, pp. 61, 404</ref>

''Effinham''{{'}}s guns were controlled by a [[mechanical computer|mechanical]] Mark III [[Frederic Charles Dreyer#Dreyer Fire Control Table|Dreyer Fire-control Table]]. It used data provided by the {{convert|15|ft|m|adj=on|1}} [[coincidence rangefinder]] in the gunnery [[director (military)|director]] positioned under the [[Top (sailing ship)|spotting top]] at the head of the [[tripod mast]]. The ship was also fitted with three {{convert|12|ft|m|adj=on|1}} rangefinders.<ref name=r5/>

The ''Hawkins'' class were protected by a full-length [[waterline]] [[Belt armor|armoured belt]] that covered most of the ships' sides. It was thickest over the [[Fire room|boiler]] and [[engine room]]s, ranging from {{convert|1.5|to|3|in|mm|0}} thick. Their [[magazine (artillery)|magazine]]s were protected by an additional {{convert|0.5|to|1|in|}} of armour. There was a 1-inch aft transverse [[bulkhead (partition)|bulkhead]] and the conning tower was protected by 3-inch armour plates. The ships' [[deck (ship)|deck]] protection consisted of 1 to 1.5 inches of [[high-tensile steel]].<ref name=r4/>

===Modernisation===
[[File:Heavy cruiser HMS Effingham (D98) in 1938.jpg|thumb|left|''Effingham'' after her modernization in 1938]]
The [[London Naval Treaty]] of 1930 had placed a limit on the number of cruisers with an armament greater than {{cvt|6.1|in|0}} and the ''Hawkins'' class were due to be demilitarized by December 1936 to avoid exceeding the allotted number of 15 heavy cruisers. The ships were still in good shape and could usefully remain in service if rearmed with smaller guns. ''Effingham'' was chosen to be the [[lead ship]] in the modernisation programme, using the spare [[BL 6-inch Mk XII naval gun|{{convert|6|in|adj=on|0|spell=in}} Mark XII guns]] from the [[light cruiser]]s {{HMS|Coventry|D43|2}} and {{HMS|Curlew|D42|2}} that were being rearmed and converted into [[anti-aircraft cruiser]]s.<ref>Raven & Roberts, pp. 225–226</ref>

In 1937–1938 all of the ship's existing guns were removed, as were her pair of underwater torpedo tubes, and the forward superstructure and [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] was rebuilt to accommodate nine 6-inch guns in two superfiring trios fore and aft of the superstructure, plus one gun further aft on the quarterdeck and one more on each broadside.<ref>Smith, pp. 196–197</ref> At their maximum [[elevation (ballistics)|elevation]] of +30°, the guns had a range of {{cvt|18750|yd|m}}.<ref>Campbell, John, p. 38</ref> ''Effingham''{{'}}s anti-aircraft armament was increased to four Mk V guns and the two-pounders were replaced by three quadruple mounts for [[Vickers .50 machine gun|Vickers {{cvt|0.5|in|1}}]] [[anti-aircraft machinegun|AA machine guns]].<ref>Raven & Roberts, p. 226</ref> Her aft pair of boilers were removed and the aft boiler room was converted into an oil tank,<ref name="f3">Friedman, p. 73</ref> which increased her oil storage to {{cvt|2620|LT|t}}<ref>Campbell, N.J.M., p. 11</ref> and her range to {{cvt|5410|nmi}} at {{convert|14|kn}}.<ref>Whitley, p. 77</ref>

The removal of the two boilers reduced her total horsepower to {{cvt|61,000|shp}}<ref name=f3/> and her speed about {{convert|29|kn}}, although her boilers were re-tubed during the modernization. The conversion of the aft boiler room into an oil tank rendered her aft funnel redundant and her existing forward funnel was enlarged.<ref>Wright, p. 166</ref> This made space available [[amidships]] for a E.IV.H [[aircraft catapult|catapult]] and an aircraft-handling [[crane (machine)|crane]], although the catapult and its intended [[Supermarine Walrus]] [[flying boat]] were not fitted at that time.<ref name=s6/> The spotting top was rebuilt and the gunnery director was moved to its roof. Provision was made for one Mk III* [[High-Angle Control System]] (HACS) on the spotting top roof and another amidships, although they were not installed until a refit in mid-1939. Provision was also made for a pair of octuple mounts for [[QF 2 pounder naval gun#QF 2-pounder Mark VIII|two-pounder Mk VIII "pom-poms"]] and their directors, but they were not installed until another refit in early 1940. The 1939 refit also saw the replacement of the Mk V AA guns by four twin-gun mounts for [[QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XVI|four-inch Mk XVI]] [[dual-purpose gun]]s. All these changes increased the ship's wartime crew to over 800 men.<ref>Smith, p. 197; Wright, p. 167</ref>

==Construction and career==
''Effingham'', named after the [[Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom|Lord High Admiral]] [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham|Lord Howard of Effingham]], one of the leaders of the fleet that defeated the [[Spanish Armada]] in 1587,<ref>Raven & Roberts, p. 51</ref> has been the only ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy.<ref>Colledge & Warlow, p. 110</ref> The ship was [[laid down]] by [[HM Dockyard, Portsmouth]], on 6 April 1917, [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 8 June 1921 and completed in July 1925,<ref name="r5">Raven & Roberts, p. 405</ref> with [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]] [[Cecil Reyne]] in command.<ref>Smith, p. 195</ref> She was assigned to the [[4th Light Cruiser Squadron]] (LCS) on the [[East Indies Station]] after [[Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z)#working up|working up]].<ref>Morris, p. 169</ref> Captain [[Bruce Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape|Bruce Fraser]] (later [[First Sea Lord]]) assumed command of the ship in September 1929. Representatives from ''Effingham'' attended the coronation of the [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], [[Haile Selassie]], on 2 November 1930 and her [[Royal Marine]] band provided entertainment during the affair. On 14 June 1932 the ship briefly became the flagship of [[Rear-Admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral]] [[Martin Dunbar-Nasmith]], [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the East Indies Station, but he hauled his flag down on 1 October and the cruiser rejoined the 4th LCS. After a cruise in the [[Bay of Bengal]] in March–April 1933, ''Effingham'' returned home.<ref name="s6">Smith, p. 196</ref>

On 30 July she became flagship of the Reserve Fleet when [[Vice-Admiral (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral]] [[William Munro Kerr]] hoisted his flag aboard her. Kerr was relieved by Vice-Admiral [[Edward Astley-Rushton]]. After the former's premature death in June 1935, Vice-Admiral [[Gerald Charles Dickens]] assumed command on 28 June. The ship was present at the [[Silver Jubilee]] [[Fleet Review]] for King [[George V]] on 16 July. She became a [[private ship]] on 29 September 1936 in anticipation of her modernisation.<ref name=s6/>

''Effingham'' recommissioned on 15 June 1938 with Captain [[Bernard Warburton-Lee]] in command and became the flagship of Vice-Admiral [[Max Horton]], Commander-in-Chief, Reserve Fleet. Captain John Howson relieved Warburton-Lee on 17 April 1939. At some point during the year before August, the ship received her missing HACS directors and exchanged her single four-inch guns for new twin-gun mounts. On 9 August she hosted King [[George VI]] as he met the captains of sixty ships during his review of the recommissioned Reserve Fleet in [[Weymouth Bay]]. She remained in commission after the review and began working up. ''Effingham'' arrived at the naval base in [[Scapa Flow]] on 25 August and was assigned to the [[12th Cruiser Squadron]]. The ship remained Horton's flagship as he assumed command of the Northern Patrol which was tasked with intercepting German ships attempting to reach home before the declaration of war.<ref>Smith, pp. 197–198</ref>

===World War II service===
After the British declared war on Germany on 3 September, the Northern Patrol's tasks expanded to include intercepting any German commerce raiders attempting to breakout into the Atlantic. ''Effingham'' was damaged during her first patrol on 6 September and arrived at [[HM Dockyard, Devonport]] on 3 October for repairs that lasted until the 9th. The ship relieved the heavy cruiser {{HMS|Berwick|65|2}} escorting Convoy KJ-3 six days later, but had to return to Devonport on the 25th for engine repairs. A boiler cleaning lasted until 7 November when she loaded [[pound sterling|£]]2 million in gold for transport to [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], Canada. After arriving 10 days later, Howson was appointed Senior Naval Officer, West Indies Patrol and ''Effingham'' sailed south to [[Bermuda]] on the 24th, together with the Australian light cruiser {{HMAS|Perth|D29|2}}, to patrol the area between [[Kingston, Jamaica]], and Halifax. ''Effingham'' was only able to participate in the patrols on 3–6 December before more engine problems evidenced themselves. The ship put into [[Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda|HM Dockyard, Bermuda]] for repairs, but the replacement boiler tubes proved to be defective and the cruiser would need to have them replaced at home. She sailed back to Halifax to escort Convoy HX-14 across the Atlantic on 29 December.<ref>Smith, pp. 198–199</ref>

''Effingham'' arrived at Portsmouth for the necessary repairs on 9 January 1940. Her engines had to be stripped down and her boiler tubes replaced; her "pom-poms" and their directors were finally installed during this time, as was her catapult. The ship was not ready for action again until 12 April when she sailed to Scapa Flow. The Navy intended ''Effingham'' to participate in Plan R 4, during which British forces would occupy [[Narvik]], [[Kingdom of Norway|Norway]], and the [[Swedish iron ore (WWII)|iron mines]] in [[Kiruna]] and [[Malmberget]], [[Kingdom of Sweden|Sweden]] if the Germans invaded Norway. The British plan had been rendered obsolete when the [[Operation Weserübung|Germans invaded on 8 April]].<ref>Smith, p. 199; Wright, p. 167</ref>

====Norwegian Campaign====
{{main|Norwegian Campaign}}

[[File:The Royal Navy during the Second World War N185.jpg|thumb|''Effingham'' in a Norwegian [[fjord]], April–May 1940]]Together with the heavy cruiser {{HMS|York|90|2}}, the anti-aircraft cruiser {{HMS|Calcutta|D82|2}} and several [[destroyer]]s, ''Effingham'' was ordered on 17 April to search for a group of five German destroyers that had been spotted off [[Stavanger]] by an aircraft. The report was false, but the ships remained off the entrance to the [[Romsdalsfjord]] on 17–18 April as the British began landing troops at [[Molde (town)|Molde]] and [[Åndalsnes]], further inside the fjord. The {{GS|U-38|1938|6}} made an unsuccessful attack on the cruiser during the early hours of 19 April. ''Effingham'' and her consorts arrived back at Scapa Flow later that day. On the 20th, [[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral of the Fleet]] [[William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork|Lord Cork]], the newly appointed supreme commander of Allied forces in Norway, hoisted his flag aboard the cruiser. Four days later the ship participated in an ineffective bombardment of German-held Narvik in a snowstorm on the 24th. On 1 and 3 May, she helped to bombard targets in [[Ankenesstranda|Ankenes]] and [[Bjerkvik]] in preparation for a planned Allied attack on Narvik itself. ''Effingham'' was the [[command ship]] for the landings at Bjerkvik on 12–13 May, hosting Lord Cork and the French commander [[Brigadier General]] ({{lang|fr|Général de brigade}}) [[Antoine Béthouart]]; [[Lieutenant-General (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-General]] [[Claude Auchinleck]] was also aboard the ship, but only as an observer. ''Effingham'' also ferried about 750 men of the landing force from the [[13th Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion]] ({{lang|fr|13<sup>e</sup> Demi-Brigade de la Légion Etrangère}}) and provided naval gunfire support during the attack.<ref>Admiralty Historical Section, pp. 74, 101–103, 112–113; Haarr, pp. 66, 73, 113, 227, 246, 250, 252; Smith, pp. 200–201</ref>

[[File:HMS EFFINGHAM in Norway, 16 May 1940. N246.jpg|thumb|''Effingham'' at anchor, 16&nbsp;May&nbsp;1940]]
As soon as the 2nd Battalion, the [[South Wales Borderers]] could be transferred from Ankenes to [[Harstad (town)|Harstad]], Auchinleck decided to send them and the headquarters of the [[24th Guards Brigade]] to reinforce the defences of Bodø. The threat of aerial attack ruled out the use of slow [[troopship]]s, so the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] selected ''Effingham'' to transport the troops. Howson had insisted on no more than {{cvt|40|ST|t|lk=in}} of supplies and ammunition could be accommodated aboard the cruiser in addition to the 1,020 British and French troops, but he was overruled by the Army and {{cvt|130|ST|t}} were actually loaded in addition to ten [[Bren Carrier]]s, hindering the use of some of the ship's six- and four-inch guns.<ref>Smith, pp. 201–202</ref>

Together with the rest of the 20th Cruiser Squadron, the anti-aircraft cruisers ''Coventry'' and {{HMS|Cairo|D87|2}} and escorted by the destroyers {{HMS|Echo|H23|2}} and {{HMS|Matabele|F26|2}}, ''Effingham'' departed Harstad at 01:00 on 17 May. To minimise the risk of air attack, the Admiralty had avoided using the much-shorter route through the [[Tjeldsundet]] [[Strait]] and the [[Vestfjorden]], although it meant a much higher average speed en route to arrive meet the scheduled 20:00 arrival time and allow the ship to unload in the darkness, safe from attacks by the [[Luftwaffe]]. As the ships approached Bodø, Howson suggested that the threat of submarine attack was higher in the main channel and that the squadron could use a narrow strait between the island of [[Bliksvær]] and the Terra Archipelago instead. ''Effingham'' had a large-scale map of the area and Howson believed that passage was practicable for his ship, the largest ship in the squadron. Rear-Admiral [[John Guy Protheroe Vivian|John Vivian]], commander of the squadron in ''Coventry'', lacked a copy of the map, but concurred and ordered that ''Effingham'' should become the guide ship for the squadron with all the other ships conforming to her movements. Traveling at {{convert|23|kn}}, ''Matabele'' was in the lead and ''Echo'' was trailing on her [[port and starboard|starboard]] side, with ''Effingham'' following ''Matabele''. As the squadron was entering the entrance to the strait around 19:47, the destroyer touched a submerged rock of the Faxsen Shoal, tearing off her port propeller and its bracket, but not further damaging the ship. About a minute later ''Effingham'' struck the shoal herself, tearing large holes in her hull, and ''Coventry'' just touched her stern as she turned to starboard to avoid ''Effingham''.<ref>Smith, pp. 201–206</ref>

[[File:TroopsAboardEffinghamN249.jpg|thumb|Troops and Bren carriers aboard ''Effingham'' in Harstad, 16&nbsp;May&nbsp;1940]]
The cruiser quickly lost power due to flooding after she passed over the shoal and began drifting. Although the ship was settling on an even keel, Howson was concerned that she might capsize with the loss of most of her crew and passengers and ordered ''Echo'' to tow ''Effingham'' to shallow water to allow her to be [[Beaching (nautical)|beached]] around 20:15. The tow was not able to progress much and Vivian ordered it to be cast off at 20:45 so the cruiser would sink in deep water where she could not be salvaged by the Germans. During this time, ''Echo'' was able to take aboard all of the passengers and over 200 of the ship's crew. By 22:10 she had transferred all of the men to ''Coventry'' and returned to ''Effingham'' to take off the remaining crewmen. In the meantime, the cruiser had grounded off Skjoldsh Island in an upright position, east of Bliksvær, in about {{convert|5|fathom|m|1|spell=in|lk=in}} of water. Boats from ''Matabele'' also rescued some men and they were transferred to ''Cairo'' after that ship returned from summoning ships from Bodø for assistance as there was no further room aboard ''Coventry''. The two anti-aircraft cruisers and ''Matabele'' departed for Harstad later that night.<ref>Smith, pp. 206–209; Wright, pp. 171–172</ref>

''Echo'' was left behind and Howson went aboard her to supervise the attempt to salvage material by the small ships from Bodø and to ensure that ''Effingham'' was thoroughly wrecked. Although four Bren Carriers and some mortars were recovered, only a small amount of material could salvaged during the night and transported to Bodø. The detonators for the torpedo [[warhead]]s and other explosives aboard the cruiser were underwater, but her guns were thoroughly sabotaged, her ready-use ammunition was thrown overboard and ''Echo'' put a pair of torpedoes into her at 08:00 which caused ''Effingham'' to capsize at coordinates {{Coord|67|16.7|N|14|03.5|E|display=inline,title}}. The wreck was dismantled by Høvding Skipsopphugging after the war with only a few plates and components now being left on the sea bed.<ref>Smith, pp. 209–211, 214; Wright, pp. 171–172</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{Cite book |last=Admiralty Historical Section |title=Naval Operations of the Campaign in Norway: April–June 1940 |date=2003 |publisher=Frank Cass |isbn=0-7146-5119-2 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=N.J.M. |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 |publisher=Mayflower Books |year=1980 |isbn=0-8317-0303-2 |editor-last=Chesneau |editor-first=Roger |location=New York |pages=2–85 |chapter=Great Britain}}
* {{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=John |title=Naval Weapons of World War II |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-87021-459-4 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}
* {{Cite Colledge2006}}
* {{Cite book |last=Friedman |first=Norman |author-link=Norman Friedman |title=British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-59114-078-8 |location=Barnsley, UK}}
* {{Cite book |last=Haarr |first=Geirr H. |title=The Battle for Norway: April–June 1940 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84832-057-4 |location=Barnsley, UK}}
* {{Cite book |last=Morris |first=Douglas |title=Cruisers of the Royal and Commonwealth Navies Since 1879 |date=1987 |publisher=Maritime Books |isbn=0-907771-35-1 |location=Liskeard, UK}}
* {{Cite book |last=Preston |first=Antony |author-link=Antony Preston |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-85177-245-5 |editor-last=Gray |editor-first=Randal |location=Annapolis, Maryland |pages=1–104 |chapter=Great Britain and Empire Forces |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{Cite book |last=Raven |first=Alan |title=British Cruisers of World War Two |last2=Roberts |first2=John |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1980 |isbn=0-87021-922-7 |location=Annapolis, Maryland |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Peter C. |author-link=Peter C. Smith |title=Sailors on the Rocks: Famous Royal Navy Shipwrecks |date=2015 |publisher=Pen & Sword Maritime |isbn=978-1-78340-062-1 |location=Barnsley, UK}}
* {{Cite book |last=Whitley |first=M. J. |author-link=Michael J. Whitley |title=Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia |publisher=Cassell |year=1995 |isbn=1-86019-874-0 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wright |first=Richard N. J. |title=Warship 2011 |publisher=Conway |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84486-133-0 |editor-last=Jordan |editor-first=John |location=London |pages=165–174 |chapter=The Stranding, Grounding and Destruction of HMS ''Effingham''}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|HMS Effingham (D98)}}
* Royal Navy Northern Patrol: [http://niehorster.org/017_britain/39_navy/northern-patrol.html Orbat Britain Navy 39 NP]:Accessed 06/01/2011.

{{Cavendish class cruiser}}
{{May 1940 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Effingham (D98)}}
[[Category:Hawkins-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Ships built in Portsmouth]]
[[Category:1921 ships]]
[[Category:World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Norwegian Sea]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in May 1940]]
[[Category:Ships sunk with no fatalities]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

French destroyer Bourrasque (edit)
French destroyer Chacal (edit)
French destroyer Jaguar (edit)
French destroyer L'Adroit (1927) (edit)
French destroyer Orage (edit)
French destroyer Siroco (1925) (edit)
French submarine Achille (Q147) (edit)
French submarine Amazone (Q161) (edit)
French submarine Antiope (edit)
French submarine Circé (Q125) (edit)
French submarine Doris (Q135) (edit)
French submarine Sibylle (Q175) (edit)
German submarine U-13 (1935) (edit)
German submarine U-38 (1938) (edit)
HMAS Perth (D29) (edit)
HMS Afridi (F07) (edit)
HMS Berwick (65) (edit)
HMS Bideford (L43) (edit)
HMS Cairo (D87) (edit)
HMS Calcutta (D82) (edit)
HMS Coventry (D43) (edit)
HMS Curlew (D42) (edit)
HMS Echo (H23) (edit)
HMS Frobisher (D81) (edit)
HMS Grafton (H89) (edit)
HMS Grenade (H86) (edit)
HMS Hawkins (D86) (edit)
HMS King Orry (edit)
HMS Matabele (F26) (edit)
HMS Montrose (D01) (edit)
HMS Raleigh (1919) (edit)
HMS Revenge (06) (edit)
HMS Seal (N37) (edit)
HMS Shark (54S) (edit)
HMS Valentine (L69) (edit)
HMS Vindictive (1918) (edit)
HMS Wakeful (H88) (edit)
HMS Wessex (D43) (edit)
HMS Whitley (L23) (edit)
HMS York (90) (edit)
HNLMS Noordbrabant (1899) (edit)
MS Chrobry (edit)
ORP Orzeł (1938) (edit)
RV Belgica (1884) (edit)
SS Abukir (edit)
SS Antilla (1939) (edit)
SS Arlington (edit)
SS Cap Tafelneh (edit)
SS Dronning Maud (1925) (edit)
SS Fenella (1936) (edit)
SS Jan Pieterszoon Coen (edit)
SS Lorina (1918) (edit)
SS Mona's Queen (1934) (edit)
SS Munich (1908) (edit)
SS Nordnorge (1923) (edit)
SS Normannia (1911) (edit)
SS Sirius (1885) (edit)
SS Statendam (1924) (edit)
USS Tutuila (PR-4) (edit)
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Effingham"