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Goosefish

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Goosefish
Blackbellied monkfish

(Lophius budegassa)

Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Clade: Percomorpha
Order: Lophiiformes
Suborder: Lophioidei
Regan, 1912[1]
Family: Lophiidae
Rafinesque, 1810
Genera

see text

Goosefishes, sometimes called anglers or monkfishes, are a family, the Lophiidae, of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. The family includes 30 recognized species. These fishes are found in all the world's oceans except for the Antarctic Ocean.

Taxonomy

The goosefish family, Lophiidae, was first proposed as a genus in 1810 by the French polymath and naturalist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque.[2] The Lophiidae is the only family in the monotypic suborder Lophioidei, this is one of 5 suborders of the Lophiiformes.[3] The Lophioidei is considered to be the most basal of the suborders in the order.[4]

Etymology

The goosefish family, Lophiidae, takes its name from its type genus, Lophius. Lophius means "mane" and is presumably a reference to the first 3 spines of the first dorsal fin which are tentacle like, with 3 smaller spines behind them.[5]

Genera

The goosefish family, Lophiidae, contains the following extant genera:[6]

Fossil taxa

The following extinct taxa are also among those included in the family Lophiidae:[7]

Characteristics

Goosefishes in the family Lophiidae have flattened heads and bodies covered in thin skin[10] and are further characterised by the possession of pelvic fins with the first, spiny dorsal fin having its origin close to the rear of the head and this fin is supported by between one and three spines.[3] The frontmost spine, the illicium, has a flap of flesh, the esca, at its tip and is used as a lure to attract prey to within reach of the cavernous mouth.[11] There are 4 pharyngobranchials, the 4th being toothed, and they have a large pseudobranch. The body has no scales and the frontal bones of the skull are fused. They have a very wide, flattened head, although Sladenia has a more rounded head, with well developed teeth. The lower jaw has a fringe of small flaps along its edge and these extend along the head onto the flanks. The second dorsal fin is supported by between 8 and 12 soft rays while the anal fin contains between 6 and 10 soft rays. Most taxa have 18 or 19 vertebrae but in Lophius this count is between 26 and 31.[3] The opening to the gills os located to the rear of the pectoral fin base.[12] The largest species in the family is the angler (Lophius piscatorius) which has a maximum published standard length of 200 cm (79 in) while the smallest is Lophiodes fimbriatus with a maximum published standard length of 7.5 cm (3.0 in).[13]

American angler (Lophius americanus) at the New England Aquarium

Distribution

The goosefishes, family Lophiidae are found in the temperate, tropical, and subtropical Atlantic Indian and Pacific Oceans.[13]

Habitat and biology

The goosefishes are typically found on soft substrates on the continental margin, most frequently at depths greater than 200 m (660 ft), and there are species whichhave been found at depths greater than 1,000 m (3,300 ft). A few species, such as the American angler (Lophius americanus) are found in shallower waters, sometimes moving into bays and estuaries with high-salinity water in the winter.[14] At least in the genus Lophius the females release their spawn enclosed within a gelatinous mass, which has been compared to the spawn of toads in appearance, which floats. They have pelagic eggs and larvae with demersal juveniles and benthic adults.[15]

Utilisation

Goosefishes, particularly several of the large species in the genus Lophius, commonly known as monkfishes in northern Europe, are important commercially fished species.[16] The liver of monkfish, known as ankimo, is considered a delicacy in Japan.[17]

References

  1. ^ C. T. Regan (1912). "The classification of the teleostean fishes of the order Pediculati". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology. 8. 9: 277–289.
  2. ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
  3. ^ a b c Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
  4. ^ Masaki Miya; Theodore W Pietsch; James W Orr; Rachel J Arnold; Takashi P Satoh; Andrew M Shedlock; Hsuan-Ching Ho; Mitsuomi Shimazaki; Mamoru Yabe; Mutsumi Nishida (2010). "Evolutionary history of anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes): a mitogenomic perspective". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (58): 58. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10...58M. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-58. PMC 2836326. PMID 20178642.
  5. ^ Christopher Scharpf (14 November 2022). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  6. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Lophidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  7. ^ "Family Lophiidae Cuvier (anglerfish)". Fossilworks. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  8. ^ Carnevale, Giorgio & Pietsch, Theodore (2012). "†Caruso, a new genus of anglerfishes from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy, with a comparative osteology and phylogeny of the teleost family Lophiidae". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10: 47–72. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.565083.
  9. ^ "Pietsch, Theodore W; Giorgio Carnevale,. "A New Genus and Species of Anglerfish (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Lophiidae) from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy."". Copeia. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. March 14, 2011. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  10. ^ A. C. Fariña; M. Azevedo; J. Landa; R. Duarte; P. Sampedro; G. Costas; M. A. Torres; and L. Cañás (2008). "Lophius in the world: a synthesis on the common features and life strategies". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 65 (7): 1272–1280. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsn140.
  11. ^ "Anglerfish". Laboratory News. 5 September 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  12. ^ "Family: LOPHIIDAE, Anglerfishes, Goosefish, Goosefishes". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  13. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Lophiidae". FishBase. February 2024 version.
  14. ^ John H. Caruso (2002). "Order LOPHIIFORMES LOPHIIDAE Anglerfishes (goosefishes, monkfishes)". In Kent E. Carpenter (ed.). Volume 2: Bony fishes part 1 (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Atlantic. FAO, Rome. pp. 1043–1070. ISBN 92-5-104826-6.
  15. ^ Érica Pellegrini Caramaschi; Marcelo Vianna (2009). "Biology and Ecology of Anglerfishes of the genus Lophius (Lophiidae, Lophiiformes) witgh emphasis in Lophius gastrophysus Miranda-Rineiro, 1915: Current Status". Oecologia Brasiliensis - Artigos de revisão - Edição submissões espontâneas (in Portuguese). 11 (4).
  16. ^ John H. Caruso (2005). "Lophiidae". Tree of Life web project. Retrieved 4 April 2006.
  17. ^ Nami (9 December 2018). "Ankimo あん肝". justonecookbook. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
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