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Coordinates: 39°30′42″N 112°59′29″W / 39.5117°N 112.9915°W / 39.5117; -112.9915
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{{Short description|Second age of the Miaolingian epoch}}
{{Cambrian graphical timeline}}
{{Infobox geologic timespan
| name = Drumian
| color = Drumian
| time_start = 504.5
| time_start_prefix = ~
| time_end = 500.5
| time_end_prefix = ~
| image_map =
| caption_map =
| image_outcrop =
| caption_outcrop =
| image_art =
| caption_art =
<!--Chronology-->
| timeline = Cambrian
| partially_contained_in =
| partially_contains =
<!--Etymology-->
| name_formality = Formal
| name_accept_date = 2006<ref name='babcock2007'>{{cite journal |last1=Babcock |first1=Loren |last2=Robison |first2=Richard |last3=Rees |first3=Margaret |last4=Peng |first4=Shanchi |last5=Saltzman |first5=Matthew |title=The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Drumian Stage (Cambrian) in the Drum Mountains, Utah, USA |journal=Episodes |date=June 2007 |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=85–89 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i2/003 |url=http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/Drumian%20GSSP.pdf |access-date=2024-04-03|doi-access=free |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328153601/http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/Drumian%20GSSP.pdf|archive-date=2024-03-28|url-status=live}}</ref>
| alternate_spellings =
| synonym1 =
| synonym1_coined =
| synonym2 =
| synonym2_coined =
| synonym3 =
| synonym3_coined =
| nicknames =
| former_names = Cambrian Stage 6
| proposed_names =
<!--Usage Information-->
| celestial_body = earth
| usage = Global ([[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]])
| timescales_used = ICS Time Scale
| formerly_used_by =
| not_used_by =
<!--Definition-->
| chrono_unit = Age
| strat_unit = Stage
| proposed_by = Babcock et al., 2006<ref>{{cite web |last1=Babcock |first1=Loren |last2=Robinson |first2=Richard |last3=Rees |first3=Margaret |last4=Shanchi |first4=Peng |last5=Saltzman |first5=Matthew |title=PROPOSED GLOBAL STANDARD STRATOTYPE-SECTION AND POINT FOR THE DRUMIAN STAGE (CAMBRIAN) |url=http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/ISCS_GSSP_Drumian_Proposal_2006.pdf |website=International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy |access-date=2024-04-03 |lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709225859/http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/ISCS_GSSP_Drumian_Proposal_2006.pdf|archive-date=2020-07-09|url-status=live}}</ref>
| timespan_formality = Formal
| lower_boundary_def = [[First appearance datum|FAD]] of the [[Trilobite]] ''[[Ptychagnostus atavus]]''
| lower_gssp_location = Drumian section, [[Wheeler Shale]], [[Utah]], [[United States|U.S.A.]]
| lower_gssp_coords = {{Coord|39.5117|N|112.9915|W|display=inline}}
| lower_gssp_accept_date = 2006<ref name='babcock2007'/>
| upper_boundary_def = FAD of the [[Trilobite]] ''[[Lejopyge laevigata]]''
| upper_gssp_location = Luoyixi section, [[Louyixi|Luoyixi]], [[Guzhang]], [[Hunan]], [[China]]
| upper_gssp_coords = {{Coord|28.7200|N|109.9647|E|display=inline}}
| upper_gssp_accept_date = 2008<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Peng |first1=Shanchi |last2=Babcock |first2=Loren |last3=Zuo |first3=Jingxun |last4=Lin |first4=Huanling |last5=Zhu |first5=Xuejian |last6=Yang |first6=Xianfeng |last7=Robison |first7=Richard |last8=Qi |first8=Yuping |last9=Bagnoli |first9=Gabriella |last10=Chen |first10=Yong’an |title=The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Guzhangian Stage (Cambrian) in the Wuling Mountains, Northwestern Hunan, China |journal=Episodes |date=March 2009 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=41–55 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i1/006 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279710853 |access-date=2024-04-03|doi-access=free }}</ref>
<!--Atmospheric and Climatic Data-->
| o2 =
| co2 =
| temp =
| sea_level =
}}
{{Coord|39.5117|N|112.9915|W|display=title}}
{{Coord|39.5117|N|112.9915|W|display=title}}
The '''Drumian''' is a stage of [[Cambrian Series 3|3rd series]] of the [[Cambrian]]. It succeeds still unnamed 5th stage of the Cambrian and precedes the [[Guzhangian]]. The base is defined as the first appearance of the [[trilobite]] ''[[Ptychagnostus atavus]]'' around {{Period start|Drumian}} million years ago. The top is defined as the first appearance of another trilobite ''[[Lejopyge laevigata]]'' around {{Period start|Guzhangian}} million years ago.
The '''Drumian''' is a [[Stage (geology)|stage]] of the [[Miaolingian]] Series of the [[Cambrian]]. It succeeds the [[Wuliuan]] and precedes the [[Guzhangian]]. The base is defined as the first appearance of the [[trilobite]] ''[[Ptychagnostus atavus]]'' around {{Period start|Drumian}} million years ago. The top is defined as the first appearance of another trilobite ''[[Lejopyge laevigata]]'' around {{Period start|Guzhangian}} million years ago.


==GSSP==
The [[GSSP]] is defined in the '''Drumian section''' ({{Coord|39.5117|N|112.9915|W|display=inline}}) in the [[Drum Mountains]], [[Millard County]], [[Utah]], United States.<ref name="Babcock 2007">{{cite journal|last=Babcock|first=Loren E.|authorlink=Loren E. Babcock|author2=Richard A. Robison|author3=Margaret N. Rees|author4=Shanchi Peng|author5=Matthew R. Saltzman|title=The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Drumian Stage (Cambrian) in the Drum Mountains, Utah, USA|journal=Episodes|year=2007|volume=30|issue=2|pages=85–95|url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/file45.pdf|accessdate=14 September 2012}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The stage was also named after the Drum Mountains. The section is an outcrop of the [[Wheeler Formation]], a succession of calcareous shales. The precise base of the Drumian is a laminated limestone {{convert|62|m|abbr=on}} above the base of the Wheeler Formation.<ref name="GSSP for Drumian Stage">{{cite web|title=GSSP for Drumian Stage|url=https://engineering.purdue.edu/Stratigraphy/gssp/detail.php?periodid=149&top_parentid=77|accessdate=12 November 2012}}</ref>
The [[GSSP]] is defined in the ''Drumian section'' ({{Coord|39.5117|N|112.9915|W|display=inline}}) in the [[Drum Mountains]], [[Millard County]], [[Utah]], United States.<ref name='babcock2007'/> The stage was also named after the Drum Mountains. The section is an outcrop of the [[Wheeler Formation]], a succession of calcareous shales. The precise base of the Drumian is a laminated limestone {{convert|62|m|abbr=on}} above the base of the Wheeler Formation.<ref name="GSSP for Drumian Stage">{{cite web|title=GSSP for Drumian Stage|url=https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/detail.php?periodid=149&top_parentid=77|accessdate=2024-04-03|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105203849/https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/detail.php?periodid=149&top_parentid=77|archive-date=2023-11-05|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Palaeontology==
==Major events==
The Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE) event is associated with the beginning of this age.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Anaïs Pagès, Susanne Schmid|year=2016|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305929589|title=Euxinia linked to the Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE) in Australia: Geochemical and chemostratigraphic evidence|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|volume=461|issue=|page=65-76|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.008|bibcode=2016PPP...461...65P |lang=en}}</ref> The cause of this event was the shallowing of anoxic deep waters simultaneously with their transgression. DICE hampered the recovery of reef ecosystems already affected by the early–middle Cambrian mass extinctions.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Dandan Li, Xu Zhang, Shan-Chi Peng, Yanan Shen, Xiaolin Zhang, Hao Zhu, Lilin Sun|year=2019|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336707009|title=A paired carbonate–organic δ13C approach to understanding the Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE)|journal=Precambrian Research|volume=349|issue=|page=105503|doi=10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105503|lang=en}}</ref> In the middle–late Drumian, there was a radiation interval, before the next extinction event.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Yiying Deng, Junxuan Fan, Shengchao Yang, Yukun Shi, Zhengbo Lu, Huiqing Xu, Zongyuan Sun, Fangqi Zhao, Zhangshuai Hou|year=2023|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369096101|title=No Furongian Biodiversity Gap: Evidence from South China|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|volume=618|issue=1|page=111492|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111492|bibcode=2023PPP...61811492D |lang=en}}</ref>
*''[[Chancelloria]]''


===Arthropods===
==Paleontology==
Numerous [[sponges]], [[palaeoscolecid]]s and [[Euarthropoda|euarthropods]] (including [[radiodont]]s) are known from the Drumian deposits.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lucas Del Mouro, Joseph Botting, Jacob Skabelund, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Robert R. Gaines, Javier Ortega-Hernández|year=2022|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365394008|title=Revision of the middle Cambrian (Drumian) sponges from the Marjum Formation of Utah, USA|journal=Conference: 6th International Palaeontological Congress, Khon Kaen, Thailand|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Stephen Pates, Samuel Zamora|year=2023|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374948138|title=Large euarthropod carapaces from a high latitude Cambrian (Drumian) deposit in Spain|journal=Royal Society Open Science|volume=10|issue=10|page=230935|doi=10.1098/rsos.230935|pmid=37885986 |pmc=10598445 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1030935P |lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Stephen Pates, Carlo Kier, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Allison C. Daley, Enrico Bonino|year=2019|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332656191|title=New radiodonts from the Drumian (Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of Utah, USA|journal=Paleobios|volume=36|issue=1|page=116|lang=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" align="center" |[[Arthropods]] of the Drumian
|-
! Taxa
! Presence
! Location
! Description
! Images
|-
|
* ''[[Leanchoilia]]''
| "[[Cambrian Stage 3|Stage 3]]"-[[Guzhangian]]
| [[Burgess Shale]], British Columbia, Canada; [[Yuanshan Formation]], [[Chengjiang biota]], China
|
| rowspan="99" |
|-
|
* ''[[Sidneyia]]''
| "[[Cambrian Stage 5|Stage 5]]"-[[Guzhangian]]
| Phyllopod Bed, [[Burgess Shale]]
|
|-
|}

===Dinocarididans===
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" align="center" |[[Dinocarididans]] of the Drumian
|-
! Taxa
! Presence
! Location
! Description
! Images
|-
|
* ''[[Anomalocaris]]''
| "[[Cambrian Stage 3|Stage 3]]"-Drumian
| [[Burgess Shale]], Canada; China; [[Wheeler Shale]], Utah & Pennsylvania, USA; and Emu Bay, Kangaroo Island, Australia
|
| rowspan="99" |
|-
|
* ''[[Opabinia]]''
| "[[Cambrian Stage 5|Stage 5]]"-[[Guzhangian]]
| [[Burgess Shale]]
|
|-
|
* ''[[Peytoia]]''
| [[Fortunian]]-[[Guzhangian]]
| Phyllopod bed, Walcott Quarry, [[Burgess Shale]], British Columbia, Canada; [[Koscierzyna borehole]], [[Kashubia]], Poland
|
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
* {{cite web|url=https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/image.php?periodid=149&top_parentid=77&imageid=377|title=Drumian Stage GSSP in the Stratotype Ridge section, Drum Mountains, Utah, USA|website=timescalefoundation.org|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526090349/https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/image.php?periodid=149&top_parentid=77&imageid=377|archive-date=2022-05-26|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|title=GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era|url=https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/index.php?parentid=77|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008002417/https://timescalefoundation.org/gssp/index.php?parentid=77|archive-date=2023-10-08|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/ISCS_GSSPs.html|title=GSSPs - The Cambrian System 2019|publisher=International Commission on Stratigraphy|lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721165125/http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/ISCS_GSSPs.html|archive-date=2023-07-21|url-status=live}}

{{Cambrian footer}}
{{Geological history|p|p|state=collapsed}}
{{Geological history|p|p|state=collapsed}}


[[Category:Drumian| ]]
[[Category:Cambrian geochronology]]
[[Category:Cambrian geochronology]]
[[Category:Geological ages]]
[[Category:Geological ages]]
[[Category:Cambrian United States]]
[[Category:Cambrian United States]]
[[Category:Drumian]]




{{geology-stub}}
{{cambrian-stub}}

Latest revision as of 12:35, 14 June 2024

Drumian
~504.5 – ~500.5 Ma
↓
Chronology
Etymology
Name formalityFormal
Name ratified2006[2]
Former name(s)Cambrian Stage 6
Usage information
Celestial bodyEarth
Regional usageGlobal (ICS)
Time scale(s) usedICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unitAge
Stratigraphic unitStage
First proposed byBabcock et al., 2006[3]
Time span formalityFormal
Lower boundary definitionFAD of the Trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus
Lower boundary GSSPDrumian section, Wheeler Shale, Utah, U.S.A.
39°30′42″N 112°59′29″W / 39.5117°N 112.9915°W / 39.5117; -112.9915
Lower GSSP ratified2006[2]
Upper boundary definitionFAD of the Trilobite Lejopyge laevigata
Upper boundary GSSPLuoyixi section, Luoyixi, Guzhang, Hunan, China
28°43′12″N 109°57′53″E / 28.7200°N 109.9647°E / 28.7200; 109.9647
Upper GSSP ratified2008[4]

39°30′42″N 112°59′29″W / 39.5117°N 112.9915°W / 39.5117; -112.9915 The Drumian is a stage of the Miaolingian Series of the Cambrian. It succeeds the Wuliuan and precedes the Guzhangian. The base is defined as the first appearance of the trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus around 504.5 million years ago. The top is defined as the first appearance of another trilobite Lejopyge laevigata around 500.5 million years ago.

GSSP

[edit]

The GSSP is defined in the Drumian section (39°30′42″N 112°59′29″W / 39.5117°N 112.9915°W / 39.5117; -112.9915) in the Drum Mountains, Millard County, Utah, United States.[2] The stage was also named after the Drum Mountains. The section is an outcrop of the Wheeler Formation, a succession of calcareous shales. The precise base of the Drumian is a laminated limestone 62 m (203 ft) above the base of the Wheeler Formation.[5]

Major events

[edit]

The Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE) event is associated with the beginning of this age.[6] The cause of this event was the shallowing of anoxic deep waters simultaneously with their transgression. DICE hampered the recovery of reef ecosystems already affected by the early–middle Cambrian mass extinctions.[7] In the middle–late Drumian, there was a radiation interval, before the next extinction event.[8]

Paleontology

[edit]

Numerous sponges, palaeoscolecids and euarthropods (including radiodonts) are known from the Drumian deposits.[9][10][11]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Babcock, Loren; Robison, Richard; Rees, Margaret; Peng, Shanchi; Saltzman, Matthew (June 2007). "The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Drumian Stage (Cambrian) in the Drum Mountains, Utah, USA" (PDF). Episodes. 30 (2): 85–89. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i2/003. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-03-28. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
  3. ^ Babcock, Loren; Robinson, Richard; Rees, Margaret; Shanchi, Peng; Saltzman, Matthew. "PROPOSED GLOBAL STANDARD STRATOTYPE-SECTION AND POINT FOR THE DRUMIAN STAGE (CAMBRIAN)" (PDF). International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
  4. ^ Peng, Shanchi; Babcock, Loren; Zuo, Jingxun; Lin, Huanling; Zhu, Xuejian; Yang, Xianfeng; Robison, Richard; Qi, Yuping; Bagnoli, Gabriella; Chen, Yong’an (March 2009). "The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Guzhangian Stage (Cambrian) in the Wuling Mountains, Northwestern Hunan, China". Episodes. 32 (1): 41–55. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i1/006. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
  5. ^ "GSSP for Drumian Stage". Archived from the original on 2023-11-05. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
  6. ^ Anaïs Pagès, Susanne Schmid (2016). "Euxinia linked to the Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE) in Australia: Geochemical and chemostratigraphic evidence". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 461: 65-76. Bibcode:2016PPP...461...65P. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.08.008.
  7. ^ Dandan Li, Xu Zhang, Shan-Chi Peng, Yanan Shen, Xiaolin Zhang, Hao Zhu, Lilin Sun (2019). "A paired carbonate–organic δ13C approach to understanding the Cambrian Drumian carbon isotope excursion (DICE)". Precambrian Research. 349: 105503. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105503.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Yiying Deng, Junxuan Fan, Shengchao Yang, Yukun Shi, Zhengbo Lu, Huiqing Xu, Zongyuan Sun, Fangqi Zhao, Zhangshuai Hou (2023). "No Furongian Biodiversity Gap: Evidence from South China". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 618 (1): 111492. Bibcode:2023PPP...61811492D. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111492.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Lucas Del Mouro, Joseph Botting, Jacob Skabelund, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Robert R. Gaines, Javier Ortega-Hernández (2022). "Revision of the middle Cambrian (Drumian) sponges from the Marjum Formation of Utah, USA". Conference: 6th International Palaeontological Congress, Khon Kaen, Thailand.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Stephen Pates, Samuel Zamora (2023). "Large euarthropod carapaces from a high latitude Cambrian (Drumian) deposit in Spain". Royal Society Open Science. 10 (10): 230935. Bibcode:2023RSOS...1030935P. doi:10.1098/rsos.230935. PMC 10598445. PMID 37885986.
  11. ^ Stephen Pates, Carlo Kier, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Allison C. Daley, Enrico Bonino (2019). "New radiodonts from the Drumian (Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of Utah, USA". Paleobios. 36 (1): 116.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
[edit]


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