Christopher Luxon: Difference between revisions

Christopher Luxon MP
Luxon in 2022
40th Leader of the Opposition
Incumbent
Assumed office 30 November 2021
Prime Minister	Jacinda Ardern Chris Hipkins
Deputy	Nicola Willis
Preceded by	Judith Collins
15th Leader of the National Party
Incumbent
Assumed office 30 November 2021
Deputy	Nicola Willis
Preceded by	Judith Collins
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Botany
Incumbent
Assumed office 17 October 2020
Preceded by	Jami-Lee Ross
Majority	3,999
Personal details
Born	(1970-07-19) 19 July 1970 (age 54) Christchurch, New Zealand
Political party	National
Spouse	Amanda Luxon
Children	2
Alma mater	University of Canterbury (BCom; MCom)
Known for	Former CEO of Air New Zealand
Signature
Website	Official website

Christopher Mark Luxon^[1] (/ˈlʌksən/; born 19 July 1970) is a New Zealand business executive and politician who is currently serving as Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the New Zealand National Party since 2021. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Botany electorate since the 2020 general election. He was the chief executive officer of Air New Zealand^[2][3] from 2012 to 2019. Luxon also served in previous National leader Judith Collins' shadow cabinet as Spokesperson for Local Government, Research, Science, Manufacturing and Land Information, as well as being the Associate Spokesperson for Transport.^[4]

Luxon was born in Christchurch and grew up in Howick in East Auckland, before studying commerce at the University of Canterbury. He worked for Unilever from 1993 and became CEO of Unilever Canada in 2008, becoming a millionaire before leaving to become CEO of Air New Zealand.^[5] He rose to public recognition as a commercial ally of John Key's government, and also for a pay dispute with the trade union E tū which established him as a neoliberal.^[5] He won the pre-selection for the safe National Party seat of Botany in East Auckland in 2019, and won it despite a landslide defeat for the party nationally the next year. Often touted as a potential National Party leader during a turbulent time for them politically, Luxon won the leadership unopposed on 30 November 2021, after a party crisis caused the removal of previous leader Judith Collins.

Luxon was born in Christchurch on 19 July 1970,^[6] to a Roman Catholic family of Irish, Scottish and English descent.^[7] He lived in Christchurch until the age of 7, when his family moved to Howick in Auckland. His father, Graham Luxon, worked for Johnson & Johnson as a sales executive and his mother, Kathleen Luxon (née Turnbull), worked as a psychotherapist and counsellor.^[7] After a year at Saint Kentigern College and another year at Howick College, the family returned to Christchurch and Luxon spent three years at Christchurch Boys' High School.^[8][9][10] While there, he won the prize for senior debating.^[11] He subsequently studied at the University of Canterbury from 1989 to 1992, gaining a Master of Commerce (Business Administration) degree.^[12] During his high school and university years, Luxon worked part-time at McDonald's and as a porter at the Park Royal hotel.^[13]

Luxon worked for Unilever from 1993 to 2011, being based in Wellington (1993–1995), Sydney (1995–2000), London (2000–2003), Chicago (2003–2008) and Toronto (2008–2011).^[8] He rose to be the President and chief executive officer of its Canadian operations.^[14]

He joined Air New Zealand as Group General Manager in May 2011 and was named the chief executive officer on 19 June 2012, succeeding Rob Fyfe at the end of that year.^[6] During his eight-year leadership, Air New Zealand profits grew to record levels and the company was named Australia's most trusted brand several times.^[12] He joined the boards of the Tourism Industry Association New Zealand and Virgin Australia in 2014.^[2] In 2018, Luxon and Air New Zealand were heavily criticised by the workers' unions Aviation and Marine Engineers Association and E tū over a pay dispute.^[15] The unions had planned a three-day strike during Christmas of the same year, but the parties reached an agreement and the strike was called off.^[16] On 20 June 2019, Luxon announced that he was resigning from Air New Zealand and hinted at a possible career with the National Party.^[17]

In February 2021, it was revealed that while Luxon was CEO of Air New Zealand, its contracting business unit Gas Turbines was assisting Royal Saudi Navy vessels, despite them blocking essential supplies like water, food and medical assistance from Yemen. Luxon claimed to "have no recollection of it" and that "it might've post-dated my time" – the latter claim being disputed by his successor Greg Foran. It was met with criticism from Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and the Green Party's human rights spokesperson Golriz Ghahraman.^[18] Luxon later admitted it "was a mistake" that Air New Zealand did not have a process whereby its chief executive would be told about all military contracts.^[19]

After Jami-Lee Ross resigned from National over accusations of fraud against the party,^[20] Luxon secured the National Party candidacy for the Botany electorate, which has always been won by National and was regarded as a safe seat for them,^[3] in November 2019. He won in a selection contest with National Party list MP Agnes Loheni, Howick Local Board deputy chair Katrina Bungard, cancer drug campaigner Troy Elliott, and tech businessman Jake Bezzant, who was later selected as National's candidate for Upper Harbour.^[3][21]

Luxon won the seat in the 2020 New Zealand general election, defeating Labour's candidate Naisi Chen by a margin of 3,999 votes, and decreasing National's stronghold on the electorate by 9.17%.^[22][23][24]

In his maiden speech, Luxon praised Martin Luther King Jr. and Kate Sheppard as part of a defence of Christians such as himself in public life, claiming that being Christian had become an identity that "it has become acceptable to stereotype as being extreme."^[25]

It was often speculated that Luxon would become leader of the National Party.^[26] After the removal of Judith Collins as party leader on 25 November 2021, Luxon was cited as a potential replacement.^[27] He took the leadership on 30 November, following the withdrawal of his main opponent, Simon Bridges.^[28]

In early August 2022, Luxon accompanied Prime Minister Ardern, Minister of Arts, Culture and Heritage Carmel Sepuloni and Minister of Pacific Peoples William Sio on a state visit to Samoa to mark the 60th anniversary of Samoa's independence and affirm bilateral relations between the two countries.^[29][30]

Luxon is a evangelical Christian who is recognised as a social conservative.^[1] In his maiden parliamentary speech, Luxon defined himself as centre-right.^[7] Luxon supports low taxes,^[31][32] making cuts to the Ministry of Social Development,^[33] establishing military-style boot camps for young offenders, and introducing stringent anti-gang legislation, and is strongly opposed to welfare dependency and co-governance with Māori.^{[34][35][36][37][38][39]} Despite announcing National will not contest the Abortion Legislation Act 2020,^[40] Luxon is opposed to abortion and has compared it to murder.^[41]

In November 2019, Luxon said he was against abortion, euthanasia, and legalising recreational cannabis, though at the same time he supported medicinal cannabis.^[42][43] He also at the time supported a "no jab, no pay" policy for sanctioning welfare beneficiaries who do not vaccinate their children;^[44] however, following his election as leader, Luxon said he did not support cutting the benefit of parents who do not vaccinate their children against COVID-19.^[45] Luxon has also firmly stood against efforts to reform New Zealand's water system and advocated against affirmative action for Māori and co-governance, which has led to allegations of race-baiting.^[46]

Luxon's views on abortion received media attention following his election as National's leader. He confirmed that his personal views are anti-abortion, but said he would not change abortion laws should he become prime minister. The pro-choice Abortion Law Reform Association of New Zealand put out a statement describing his views as "not representative of the values of mainstream New Zealanders."^[40]

He was questioned about being one of only 15 MPs to vote against the first reading of a member's bill that would establish safe areas around abortion facilities. He said that he was now able to support the bill following changes to it at the select committee stage that made it compliant with the New Zealand Bill of Rights.^[41] After previously declining to answer when asked if believes abortion to be tantamount to murder,^[41] he said in an interview with Newshub that he is "a pro-life person," and when asked again about the murder comparison, he responded "that's what a pro-life position is."^[47]

Despite his stated opposition to abortion and voting against of the Safe Areas Amendment Bill on its first reading, Luxon voted in favour during its second reading on 10 November 2021 and third reading on 16 March 2022.^[48][49][50]

In late June 2022, after the United States Supreme Court's overturning of Roe v. Wade (1973), the National party was the only sitting political party in New Zealand that would not condemn the change.^[51] After increasing fears over the party's position on the topic, and a controversial Facebook post by fellow National MP Simon O'Connor, Luxon issued a second statement, which confirmed that a future National government would not seek to overturn New Zealand's abortion laws, but still did not condemn the law overturning in the United States. Luxon also stated that O’Connor's post did not represent the party's position on abortion and was removed for "causing distress."^[52] Following Luxon issuing two party statements in regards to Roe v. Wade, media asked him for his opinion on "People that get abortions", which he refrained to comment on, and refused to state if he still believed abortion is tantamount to murder.^[53]

In response to the controversy around O'Connor's post, former National MP Alfred Ngaro defended O'Connor's right to speak his mind and accused Luxon of silencing National MPs.^[54] The Deputy Prime Minister Grant Robertson questioned Luxon's commitment to protecting abortion rights, pointing out that half of the National Party caucus had voted against the Abortion Legislation Act in 2020.^[55]

The following day, after a statement from former National minister Amy Adams warning the party on its position on the topic,^[56] Luxon reiterated the National Party's commitment to women and claimed that women voters were concerned about the high cost of living, strained health system, struggling education system, and rising crime and gang violence.^[57]

In late November 2021, Luxon reiterated support for National's vote against the Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Bill, but said the practice was "abhorrent".^[58][59] In early February 2022, Luxon announced that National MPs would be allowed a conscience vote on the conversion practices legislation; abandoning Collins' "bloc-voting" position. Luxon also reversed his earlier opposition to the legislation, stating that he supported New Zealand's LGBTQI+ community. He also stated that "there will be those with different views for different reasons across Parliament. These sorts of issues are traditionally treated as conscience issues, and we determined as a caucus that this was the appropriate course in this instance."^[60][61] The Bill passed its third and final reading on 15 February 2022.^[62] Luxon voted in favour of the Bill's passage.^[63]

On 8 December 2021, Luxon called for the lifting of Auckland's border restrictions with Northland after The New Zealand Herald reported that the Ministry of Health had proposed that the Auckland border should be lifted in tandem with the country's transition into the COVID-19 Protection Framework on 3 December. However, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and COVID-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins had opted to retain the Auckland border until 15 December in order to reduce the risk of community transmissions and boost regional vaccination rates.^[64][65] Luxon has also questioned the effectiveness of the checkpoints led and managed by police in the Auckland–Northland boundary.^[66]

On 8 January 2022, Luxon talked to National MP Harete Hipango about a photo that she had posted on social media, which showed her posing with members of the anti-vaccination group Voices for Freedom. Hipango removed the post stating that the anti-vaccination views of the group did not align with that of the National Party. She and Luxon stated they and the National Party strongly support COVID-19 vaccination, and described vaccination as the best protection for people and their families.^[67]

In early February 2022, Luxon called for rapid antigen testing to be conducted in schools twice a week for both students and teachers, citing the examples of New South Wales and Victoria. In addition, Luxon advocated reopening New Zealand's borders and ending the managed isolation and quarantine (MIQ) system in favour of home isolation for New Zealanders and travellers who tested negative for COVID-19.^[68]

On 9 February 2022, Luxon called for the Government to issue a clear timeline for ending vaccine mandates. In response, Prime Minister Ardern stated that certificates and mandates would only be retained as long as there was a strong public health rationale.^[69]

In August 2022, Luxon refused to rule out working with Brian Tamaki, a far-right, anti-vaccine religious leader, and Tamaki's Freedoms New Zealand party, which supported the violent 2022 Wellington protest against COVID-19 mandates. However, Luxon claimed he doubted the party would enter parliament.^[70] After controversy ensued, Luxon reversed his position a few days later.^[71]

On 8 June 2023, Luxon made "tongue and cheek" remarks during an infrastructure conference in Christchurch suggesting that New Zealanders should have more babies. He stated: "Here is the deal – essentially New Zealand stopped replacing itself in 2016. I encourage all of you to go out there and have more babies if you wish, that would be helpful."^[72][73] In response to media coverage, Deputy leader Nicola Willis clarified that National did not have a policy on family sizes and criticised elements of the media for taking Luxon's remarks out of context.^[73][74] Massey University sociologist Dr Paul Spoonley expressed agreement with Luxon's remarks, stating that New Zealand's population growth had reached below replacement level of 2.1 with a birth rate of 1.6^[72][75]

In 3 May 2023, Luxon acknowledged the historical sensitivity around the dawn raids of the 1970s which disproportionately targeted Pasifika New Zealanders. However, he stated that Immigration New Zealand needed to "reserve the option" to use dawn raids against individuals involved in serious criminal offending or who posed a security risk to New Zealand. Luxon also stated there were 14,000 overstayers in New Zealand. Luxon's remarks came in response to media coverage of the agency's recent dawn raid tactics against visa overstayers, which had attracted criticism from Deputy Prime Minister Carmel Sepuloni for re-traumatising the Pasifika community.^[76]

In late January 2023, Luxon stated that National opposed co-governance in the delivery of public services such as health, education and critical infrastructure. He also clarified that National was not opposed to Māori involvement in decision-making and expressed support for "self-driven" initiatives within the Māori community such as Whānau Ora, kohanga reo and charter schools.^[77][78] On 25 January, Luxon stated that the existence of Māori seats "doesn't make a lot of sense" but reiterated an earlier commitment in March 2022 that the National Party would stand candidates in one or two of them.^[79][80]

During Waitangi Day on 6 February 2023, Luxon described the Treaty of Waitangi as a "challenging, imperfect but ultimately inspiring document through which New Zealand had sought to understand what was intended by those who signed it." While acknowledging that the New Zealand Crown had not upheld the Treaty's promises and obligations, he expressed hope that the Treaty land compensation process would be completed by 2030.^[81]

On 10 May 2023, Luxon ruled out working with Te Pāti Māori (Māori Party) if National formed the next government after the 2023 New Zealand general election. He cited National's disagreement with the Māori Party's support for co-governance in public services and alleged separatism. Luxon also criticised Te Pāti Māori's MPs Debbie Ngarewa-Packer and Rawiri Waititi for staging a haka (dance) welcoming for Labour MP Meka Whaitiri when Parliament was welcoming the coronation of Charles III.^[82][83]

When questioned about the matter of the monarchy of New Zealand in 2022, Luxon stated that he was "comfortable" with the current constitutional arrangement of having the monarch as head of state and that Queen Elizabeth II had given New Zealand "incredible stability" and set an example of "great public service."^[84] Following the death of Queen Elizabeth II, Luxon expressed support for King Charles III, stating "I think he will be a very good king, I think he has been preparing for it all his life and no doubt he will take it in a different direction, reflecting his personality."^[85] He also expressed doubt on whether the Queen's death would advance support for republicanism in New Zealand, arguing "I visit two or three towns in New Zealand every week, it just isn't a topic of conversation that comes up. I appreciate at times like this we start thinking about having these conversations but there actually isn't a real desire for the conversation or to make any changes to the constitution arrangements."^[84][86]

In early May 2023, Luxon accepted an invitation from Prime Minister Chris Hipkins to attend the coronation of Charles III as part of the official New Zealand delegation. Hipkins stated it was important to invite the Leader of the Opposition in the months leading up to the 2023 New Zealand general election.^[87]

In mid–June 2022, Luxon announced that the National Party if elected into government would introduce several pieces of anti-gang legislation based on Australian anti-gang legislation. These "zero tolerance" policies have included banning gang insignia in public spaces and social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok, and giving the Police special powers to disperse gang gatherings, and prevent certain gang members from associating with each other or obtaining firearms. Luxon unveiled National's new law and order policies in the midst of rising gang activity and gang warfare in 2022.^[88][89][90]

In response, Waikato Mongrel Mob Kingdom ariki Sonny Fatupaito claimed that Luxon's proposed policies would breach human rights legislation and the Treaty of Waitangi while perpetuating racism and racial profiling against Māori and Pasifika. Andrew Cushen, Interim chief executive for InternetNZ stated that “gang posts on social media and extremist material are very different and can't be policed in the same way.” And that the policy would be “nearly impossible to police”.^[91] Criminologist and gangs expert Dr. Jarrod Gilbert opined that combating the gangs' criminal activities would work better than targeting the gangs. The Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern stated that similar policies had not worked in other countries.^[92] While supporting National's anti-gang policies, the ACT Party's firearms law reform and justice spokeswoman Nicole McKee expressed concern that legitimate firearms owners could be affected by some of the legislation.^[93] Former National Party MP and Minister Chester Borrows questioned the effectiveness of National's proposed anti-gang legislation, citing the failure of earlier anti-gang insignia legislation in Whanganui.^[94][95]

In early July 2022, Luxon stated that a future National Government would work with community providers to sponsor job coaches for young people under the age of 25 years who have been on the Jobseeker benefit for three months. Welfare beneficiaries who find a job and stay off the benefit for the next 12 consecutive months would receive NZ$1,000 for staying in the workforce. However, beneficiaries who do not follow their agreed plan will face "sanctions." Luxon claimed that the incumbent Labour Government's policies had caused the number of under 25s on welfare to increase by 34,000 (roughly 40%).^[96][97] In August 2022, Luxon warned young unemployed people their "free ride" under Labour would come to an end if he won the 2023 election, saying: "To young people who don’t want to work you might have a free ride under Labour, but under National, it ends".^[98] He further stated National would make sweeping cuts to the Ministry of Social Development in favour of privatised employment agencies and "not keep funding failure". He has later described those living in poverty as bottom feeders.^[33]

In mid November 2022, Luxon announced that the National Party's youth crime policies would include creating a new Young Serious Offender category for juvenile offenders and establishing boot camps known as Youth Offender Military Academies.^[99][100] National's proposed boot camp policy was criticised by Prime Minister Ardern, Green Party co-leader Marama Davidson, and the NZ Psychological Society, who described it as ineffective and counterproductive deterrents to crime.^[101][102]

In early December 2022, a 1 News Kantar public opinion poll found that 60% of respondents supported National's military boot camp policy while 31% opposed it and 9% were undecided. The poll surveyed 1,011 eligible voters including mobile phone users and online panels. While National and ACT voters, women aged 55 years and above, and Aucklanders favoured the policy, Green voters, Wellingtonians, Labour voters, and those aged between 18 and 29 years were more likely to oppose the policy.^[103]

Luxon had a Catholic upbringing,^[104] describes himself as a Christian^[105] or non-denominational Christian,^[106] and has been described as an evangelical Christian.^[3] He has attended a Baptist church in Auckland as a child, a Presbyterian church in Australia, an Anglican church in England, and non-denominational churches in the United States, Canada and New Zealand.^[106] After he returned to New Zealand in 2011 he attended the Upper Room church in Auckland.^[104] In 2021 he said he had not attended a church for five or six years.^[106] He met his wife Amanda at a church youth group^[9] and they married when he was 23.^[104] They have a son and daughter, William and Olivia. He says he enjoys DIY, listens to country music and likes to waterski.^[107][108] He is a multi-millionaire who owns seven houses, including a home in Remuera worth $7.68 million.^[5][109] Luxon was apparently unaware of the total value of his properties until Newshub asked him about it directly.^[109] He is the second-wealthiest Leader of the National Party in history, after John Key, with his combined property portfolio valued at more than $21 million.^[110]

In late July 2022, Luxon confirmed he was on a family holiday in Hawaii during the parliamentary recess when a Facebook video post published on 21 July implied he was visiting Te Puke at that time. Luxon attributed the confusion to a delay in his social media team updating his whereabouts over the previous week, which he said was a mistake.^[111][112]

• Media related to Christopher Luxon at Wikimedia Commons