Chitral: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 17:43, 23 July 2015
Chitral
چترا ل کاشکر | |
|---|---|
City | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| State | Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
| District | Chitral District |
| Established | 1969 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal corporation |
| Area | |
| • Total | 14,850 km2 (5,730 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,100 m (3,600 ft) |
| Population (2003) | |
| • Total | 20,000 [citation needed] |
| Languages | |
| • Official language | Chitrali, Urdu, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
| Post Codes | 1720 - 0xx[1] |
| Area code | +943-7 |
| Website | Official Website |
Chitral (Urdu: چترال, Khowar: چھترار also spelled as "Kashkar" or Chetrar, translated as field), is the capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Chitral River (also called Kunar River), in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It also served as the capital of the princely state of Chitral until 1969. The town is at the foot of Tirich Mir, the highest peak of the Hindu Kush, which is 25,289 ft (7,708 m) high. It has a population of 20,000.[citation needed] The elevation of the valley is 3,700 ft (1,100 m).
History
Nothing definitive is recorded about the town’s first settlers. In the 3rd century AD, Kanishka, the Buddhist ruler of the Kushan empire, occupied Chitral. In the 4th century AD, the Chinese overran the valley. Raees rule over Chitral began in 1320 and came to an end in the 15th century. From 1571 onwards Chitral was the dominion of the Kator Dynasty until 1969.[2]
Geography and access
The City has an average elevation of 1,500 m (4,921 ft). The easiest access to Chitral, other than by air, is from the southwest along the Kunar Valley. However the Afghan-Pakistan border (Durand Line) and cross border tensions prevent this from being used as an internal route to the rest of Pakistan. There are other routes are over high mountain passes; to the south, the 3,200-metre (10,500 ft) Lowari Pass leads 365 kilometres (227 mi) to Peshawar. In the north, the easiest route during summer runs over the 3,798-metre (12,461 ft) Broghol pass. To the east, there is a 405 kilometres (252 mi) route to Gilgit over the 3,719-metre (12,201 ft) Shandur Pass. The territory is cut off by snow from the rest of the country for up to six months a year, a problem soon to be relieved by the completion of the Lowari Tunnel.[when?]
Climate
The climate is considered to be a local steppe climate. During the year there is little rainfall. This climate is considered to be BSK according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The average annual temprature in Chitral is 15.6 'C. About 418 mm of precipitation falls annually.
| Climate data for Chitral | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
32.8 (91.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.4 (77.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
5.6 (42.1) |
2.1 (35.8) |
11.4 (52.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69 (2.7) |
99 (3.9) |
146 (5.7) |
139 (5.5) |
69 (2.7) |
22 (0.9) |
52 (2.0) |
56 (2.2) |
40 (1.6) |
31 (1.2) |
26 (1.0) |
51 (2.0) |
800 (31.4) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org [3] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
As of July 2011, the population of the chitral city is above 19,700
| Chitral growth | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1981 | 10,351 | — | |
| Est. 2009 | 19,700 | — | |
| Source: Census of Pakistan | |||
Kohwari language, is the most widely spoken language. Other spoken languages are; farsi, shina, Yidgha, Pashayi, Kalasha and Pashto.
English and Urdu are also spoken.
Educational institutions
- University of Chitral
- New City College
- Chitral University Campus
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
- Chitral Model College Chitral
- Government Degree College
- Government Girls Degree College
- Government Centennial Model High School
- Government Centennial Model School for Girls
- Government College of Commerce
- Frontier Corp Public School
- Chitral Public School & College, (Chitral's first English Medium School)
- Langlands School and College, formerly known as Sayurj Public School
- Pearl College of Education
- Frontier Corps Public Schools and College
Administration
Chitral is represented in the National Assembly[4] and Provincial Assembly by one elected MNA and two elected MPAs.[5]
Sport
Unlike the rest of Pakistan where cricket dominates, polo and soccer are more popular in Chitral. A number of sport festivals and tournaments are held throughout the year. Chitral has also produced some national players such as Muhammad Rasool who plays for the national football team.
Newspapers
A few number of newspapers are published by Chitral Press
- Chitral Today
- Chitral Times
- Chitral News
- Awaaz-e-Chitral
- The Kalash Times
- Chitral Vision
- Weekly Chitral
See also
References
- Decker, D. Kendall (1992). Languages of Chitral.
- Durand, Col. A. (1899). The Making of a frontier.
- Leitner, G. W. (1893). Dardistan in 1866, 1886 and 1893: Being An Account of the History, Religions, Customs, Legends, Fables and Songs of Gilgit, Chilas, Kandia (Gabrial) Yasin, Chitral, Hunza, Nagyr and other parts of the Hindukush, as also a supplement to the second edition of The Hunza and Nagyr Handbook. And An Epitome of Part III of the author’s The Languages and Races of Dardistan (First reprint ed.). New Delhi: Manjusri Publishing House.
Notes
- ^ "Post Codes". Pakistan Post Office. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ "Chitral, a Study in Statecraft" (PDF). IUCN.
- ^ "Climate:Chitral". Climate-Data.org.
- ^ http://www2.ecp.gov.pk/vsite/ElectionResult/AllResults.aspx?assemblyid=NA
- ^ Constituencies and MPAs - Website of the Provincial Assembly of the NWFP[dead link]
External links
