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BMW N52

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BMW N52 engine
Overview
Production2004–2015
Layout
ConfigurationStraight-6
Displacement2,497 cc (152 cu in)
2,996 cc (183 cu in)
Cylinder bore82 mm (3.2 in)
85 mm (3.3 in)
Piston stroke78.8 mm (3.10 in)
88 mm (3.5 in)
Cylinder block materialMagnesium-Aluminium
Cylinder head materialAluminium
ValvetrainDOHC, with VVT & VVL
Combustion
Fuel typePetrol
Chronology
PredecessorBMW M54
SuccessorBMW N53

The BMW N52 is a naturally aspirated straight-6 petrol engine which was produced from 2004 to 2015. The N52 replaced the BMW M54 and debuted on the E90 3 Series and E63 6 Series.

The N52 was the first water-cooled engine to use magnesium/aluminium composite construction in the engine block.[1] It was also listed as one of Ward's 10 Best Engines in 2006 and 2007.[2][3][4]

In European markets, the N52 began to be phased out in favor of its direct injected version, the BMW N53 in 2007. Markets such as the United States, Canada, Australia and Malaysia retained the N52 as the N53 was deemed unsuitable due to the high sulphur content of local fuel.[5]

The N52 and N53 are the last naturally aspirated straight-six engines produced by BMW, ending a history of continuous production of this engine configuration since the BMW M30 in 1968. In 2011, the N52 began to be replaced by the BMW N20 turbocharged four-cylinder engine. N52 production ceased in 2015.[6]

Unlike its predecessors, there is no BMW M version of the N52.

Design

Rear of N52, with Valvetronic visible

Compared with its M54 predecessor, the N52 features Valvetronic (variable valve lift),[7] a lighter block due to the use of a magnesium alloy[8] and an electric water pump (replacing the belt-driven water pump)[9][10] and a variable output oil pump.[11] The redline was increased from 6,500 rpm to 7,000 rpm, except for N52B25 (130 kW).[12]

Like the M54, the N52 uses electronic throttle control and variable valve timing (double-VANOS). Higher output versions of the N52 use a three-stage variable length intake manifold (also called "DISA").[13][14]

The N52 engine block is made from a combination of magnesium and aluminium.[12] Magnesium is lighter than aluminium, however it has a greater risk of corrosion from water and may creep under load at high temperatures; this makes traditional magnesium alloys not suited for withstanding the high loads to which an engine block is exposed. Therefore, BMW used a magnesium alloy for the crankcase shell, with an aluminum 'inner block' to overcome the limitations of magnesium alloys.[11][15] The cylinder liners are made of Alusil.[16] The N52 debuted with solid cast intake and exhaust camshafts, but during production hollow "hydro-formed" camshafts were phased in to reduce weight.[11] Some engines came from the factory equipped with one solid and one hollow camshaft as the solid shaft was being phased out. Engine performance is not affected by installation of mixed camshafts.

The engine control unit (also called "DME") is a Siemens MSV70.[12]

Models

N52 shown from the intake side
Front of the N52
Front of the N52, with VANOS units visible
Exhaust side of the N52
Cutaway view of the N52 intake side, showing the cylinders
Engine Displacement Power Torque Years
N52B25 2,497 cc (152.4 cu in) 130 kW (174 bhp)
at 5,800 rpm		 230 N⋅m (170 lb⋅ft)
at 3,500-5,000 rpm		 2005-2008
150 kW (201 bhp)
at 6,400 rpm		 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft)
at 2,750 rpm		 2007-2011
160 kW (215 bhp)
at 6,500 rpm		 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft)
at 2,750-4,250 rpm		 2004-2013
N52B30 2,996 cc (182.8 cu in) 160 kW (215 bhp)
at 6,100 rpm		 270 N⋅m (199 lb⋅ft)
at 2,500-4,250 rpm		 2006-2010
280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft)
at 2,500-3,500 rpm		 2010-2011
170 kW (228 bhp)
at 6,500 rpm		 270 N⋅m (199 lb⋅ft)
at 2,750 rpm		 2007-2013
180 kW (241 bhp)
at 6,500 rpm		 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft)
at 2,750 rpm		 2008-2011
190 kW (255 bhp)
at 6,600 rpm		 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft)
at 2,500-4,000 rpm		 2010-2011
190 kW (255 bhp)
at 6,600 rpm		 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft)
at 2,600 rpm		 2009-2015
195 kW (261 bhp)
at 6,600 rpm		 315 N⋅m (232 lb⋅ft) at
2,750-4,250 rpm		 2005-2009
200 kW (268 bhp)
at 6,650 rpm		 315 N⋅m (232 lb⋅ft) at
2,750 rpm		 2006-2010

N52B25

130 kW (174 bhp) Applications:[17][18]

  • 2006 E90 323i — Canada and Australia
  • 2004-2007 E60/E61 523i
  • 2006-2008 E85 Z4 2.5i

150 kW (201 bhp) Applications:

  • 2007-2011 E90 323i — Canada and Australia
  • 2010-2011 F10 523i
  • 2009-2011 E89 Z4 sDrive23i

160 kW (215 bhp) Applications:

  • 2005-2010 E83 X3 2.5si, xDrive25i
  • 2005-2010 E60/E61 525i, 525xi — except U.S. and Canada
  • 2004-2013 E90/E91/E92/E93 325i, 325xi — except U.S. and Canada
  • 2005-2008 E85 Z4 2.5si

N52B30

The 3.0 L (183 cu in) models of the N52 have a bore of 85 mm (3.35 in), a stroke of 88 mm (3.46 in) and a compression ratio of 10.7:1. Variations in power output are often due to different intake manifolds and variations of engine management software.[19]

160 kW (215 bhp) Applications:[20]

  • 2006-2007 E90/E92/E93 325i, 325xi — U.S. and Canada only
  • 2006-2007 E60/E61 525i, 525xi — U.S. and Canada only
  • 2006-2008 E85 Z4 3.0i — U.S. and Canada only
  • 2008-2011 E82/E88 125i
  • 2008-2010 E60/E61 528i, 528xi — U.S. and Canada only
  • 2009-2010 E84 X1 xDrive25i

170 kW (228 bhp) Applications:

  • 2007-2013 E90/E91/E92/E93 328i, 328xi — U.S. and Canada only
  • 2008-2013 E82/E88 128i — U.S. and Canada only

180 kW (241 bhp) Applications:[21][22]

  • 2010-2011 F10 528i

190 kW (255 bhp) Applications:[23]

195 kW (261 bhp) Applications:

200 kW (268 bhp) Applications:[24]

N51B30

The N51 engine is a SULEV version of the N52 that was sold in parts of the United States that had SULEV legislation.[25] Differences to the N52 versions include a variable-length intake manifold ("DISA") with three stages instead of one, and a compression ratio lowered from 10.7:1 to 10.0:1.[26]

Recalls

  • In 2017, BMW recalled 740,000 six-cylinder models due to reports of the heater for the crankcase ventilation valve short-circuiting and causing a fire.[27]
  • In 2023, 155,627 vehicles were issued a recall for VANOS bolts that could loosen or break over time.[28]

See also

References

  1. ^ "BMW Pushes Lightweight Technology with Magnesium". www.worldcarfans.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  2. ^ "10 Best Engines 2006". www.wardsauto.com. January 2006. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  3. ^ "Ward's 10 Best Engines 2007". www.wardsauto.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  4. ^ "Ward's Auto releases annual 10 Best Engines list". autoblog.com.
  5. ^ "BMW's N52 versus N53 – what are we missing?". paultan.org.
  6. ^ "BMW N20 turbo 4 cylinder versus N52 naturally aspirated 6 cylinder". bimmerboost.com.
  7. ^ "BMW N52 and N53 24 Valve Six Cylinder Engines". unixnerd.demon.co.uk.
  8. ^ "2007 BMW 525xi". conceptcarz.com.
  9. ^ "www.worldcarfans.com". BMW's New Six-Cylinder Engines - In Depth. Archived from the original on 9 February 2009.
  10. ^ "The 7 Most Common BMW N52 Engine Problems". 14 May 2019.
  11. ^ a b c "Inside the N52 Engine". mwerks.com.
  12. ^ a b c "BMW N52B30 Engine". www.mywikimotors.com. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  13. ^ "TMS1764947 - N52 330 Intake Manifold & Software Upgrade". www.turnermotorsport.com. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  14. ^ "Genuine BMW - 11617559523KT2 Intake Manifold Upgrade Kit". www.ecstuning.com. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  15. ^ "BMW Pushes Lightweight Technology with Magnesium". www.motor1.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016.
  16. ^ "Nikasil Cylinders". www.looking4spares.co.za. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  17. ^ "Engine specifications- N52". bmwheaven.com.
  18. ^ "5'E60 523i". www.realoem.com. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  19. ^ "2007 BMW Z4". conceptcarz.com.
  20. ^ "2009 BMW 1 Series - Features & Specs". edmunds.com.
  21. ^ "2011 BMW 528i - Short Take Road Test". caranddriver.com. 8 October 2010.
  22. ^ "Test Drive: 2011 BMW 528i". autos.ca.
  23. ^ "Model selection: F'01 LCI - sedan - 730i". www.realoem.com. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  24. ^ "2007 BMW 3-series E90 Sedan RWD (2WD) range full specs". www.automobile-catalog.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  25. ^ "How Do I Know if I Have an N51 or N52 BMW 6-Cylinder Engine?". www.bavauto.com. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
  26. ^ "BMW N51 vs N52 Engine Differences". www.tuningforbmws.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2019. Note: Web page still active, but image links are broken in the current version
  27. ^ Caron, Christina. "BMW Recalls Roughly a Million Vehicles at Risk of Catching Fire". New York Times. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  28. ^ "NHTSA Recall 23V-707" (PDF). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
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