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{{Short description|Latvian conductor}}
{{Short description|Latvian conductor (1943–2019)}}
{{Redirect|Jansons|others with the surname|Jansons (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name = Mariss Jansons
| name = Mariss Jansons
|image = 2015 Jansons Mariss-0242 (18794705869) (2) (cropped).jpg
| image = 2015 Jansons Mariss-0242 (18794705869) (2) (cropped).jpg
|alt =
| alt =
|caption = Mariss Jansons in 2015
| caption = Mariss Jansons in 2015
|birth_name = Mariss Ivars Georgs Jansons
| birth_name = Mariss Ivars Georgs Jansons
|birth_date = {{birth date|1943|01|14|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1943|01|14|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Reichskommissariat Ostland]]<br>(now Riga, [[Latvia]])
| birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Reichskommissariat Ostland]], [[Nazi Germany]]<br>(now Riga, [[Latvia]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|2019|12|01|1943|01|14|df=y}}{{efn|name=tod|The family confirms that the death was in the early hours of 1 December 2019. The two last orchestras that Mariss Jansons led as music director also confirm that the date of his death was on 1 December 2019.<ref name="BRSO">{{Cite web|url=https://www.br-so.com/instrumentation/mariss-jansons/|title=MARISS JANSONS|website=Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra|access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="Concertgebouworkest">{{cite press release | url=https://www.concertgebouworkest.nl/en/mariss-jansons-1943-2019 | title=Mariss Jansons, 1943-2019 | publisher=Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra | date=1 December 2019 | access-date=2021-06-17}}</ref><ref name="WP">{{cite news|title=Mariss Jansons, conductor celebrated around the world, dies at 76|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/mariss-jansons-conductor-celebrated-around-the-world-dies-at-76/2019/12/02/a1979522-1504-11ea-9110-3b34ce1d92b1_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=3 December 2019|access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="FR24">{{cite news|title=Renowned Latvian conductor Mariss Jansons dies aged 76|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20191201-renowned-latvian-conductor-mariss-jansons-dies-aged-76|work=France 24|date=1 December 2019|access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="LTV1">{{cite news | title=Mūžībā devies diriģents Mariss Jansons | url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/kultura/muzika/muziba-devies-dirigents-mariss-jansons.a340211/ |work=LTV Panorāma | date=1 December 2019 |access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="LR1">{{Cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/culture/culture/conductor-mariss-jansons-dies-aged-76.a340212/|title=Conductor Mariss Jansons dies aged 76|date=1 December 2019|website=Public broadcasting of Latvia|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222011851/https://eng.lsm.lv/article/culture/culture/conductor-mariss-jansons-dies-aged-76.a340212/|archive-date=22 December 2019}}</ref>}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|2019|11|30|1943|01|14|df=y}}{{efn|name=tod|Some sources state 1 December. The time of death was not reported and may not be known. It could have been in the early hours of 1 December.}}
|death_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia
| death_place = [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia
|occupation = Conductor
| occupation = Conductor
| relatives = [[Arvīds Jansons]] (father)
|organization = {{plainlist|
| organization = {{plainlist|
*[[Oslo Philharmonic]]
* [[Oslo Philharmonic]]
*[[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra]]
*[[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]]
* [[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra]]
*[[Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra]]
* [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]]
* [[Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra]]
}}
}}
|awards = {{plainlist|
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[Ernst von Siemens Music Prize]]
* [[Ernst von Siemens Music Prize]]
}}
}}
|spouse =
|spouse =
}}
}}
'''Mariss Ivars Georgs Jansons''' (14 January 1943 – 30 November/1 December 2019{{efn|name=tod}}<ref name="LTV1">{{cite news | author= | title=Mūžībā devies diriģents Mariss Jansons | url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/kultura/muzika/muziba-devies-dirigents-mariss-jansons.a340211/ |work=LTV Panorāma | date=1 December 2019 |accessdate=22 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="LR1">{{Cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/culture/culture/conductor-mariss-jansons-dies-aged-76.a340212/|title=Conductor Mariss Jansons dies aged 76|last=|first=|date=1 December 2019|website=Public broadcasting of Latvia|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>) was a Latvian [[Conducting|conductor]]. During his lifetime, Jansons was often cited as one of the world's top living conductors.<ref name="Millington"/><ref>{{cite news | author=Geoffrey Norris | title= The art of the conductor | url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/feature/the-art-of-the-conductor |work=[[Gramophone (magazine)|Gramophone]] |date=21 January 2015 |accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title= Obituary / Mariss Jansons led the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra and other top ensembles | url=https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/2019/12/01/Conductor-Mariss-Jansons-dies-at-76-led-top-orchestras/stories/201912010155 |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=1 December 2019 |accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="Independent">{{cite news | author=David Lister | title=Mariss Jansons: Maestro with a mission | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/features/mariss-jansons-maestro-with-a-mission-1665128.html | work=The Independent | date=8 April 2009 | accessdate=26 March 2011}}</ref> He was best known for his interpretations of [[Gustav Mahler|Mahler]], [[Richard Strauss|Strauss]] and Russian composers such as [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]], [[Sergei Rachmaninoff|Rachmaninoff]] and [[Dmitri Shostakovich|Shostakovich]].<ref name="Millington"/>
'''Mariss Ivars Georgs Jansons''' (14 January 1943 – 1 December 2019{{efn|name=tod}}) was a Latvian [[Conducting|conductor]], best known for his interpretations of [[Gustav Mahler|Mahler]], [[Richard Strauss|Strauss]], and Russian composers such as [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]], [[Sergei Rachmaninoff|Rachmaninoff]], and [[Dmitri Shostakovich|Shostakovich]].<ref name="Millington"/> During his lifetime he was often cited as among the world's leading conductors;<ref name="Millington"/><ref>{{cite news | author=Geoffrey Norris | author-link=Geoffrey Norris | title= The art of the conductor | url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/feature/the-art-of-the-conductor |work=[[Gramophone (magazine)|Gramophone]] |date=21 January 2015 |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title= Obituary / Mariss Jansons led the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra and other top ensembles | url=https://www.post-gazette.com/ae/2019/12/01/Conductor-Mariss-Jansons-dies-at-76-led-top-orchestras/stories/201912010155 |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=1 December 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="Independent">{{cite news | author=David Lister | title=Mariss Jansons: Maestro with a mission | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/features/mariss-jansons-maestro-with-a-mission-1665128.html | work=The Independent | date=8 April 2009 | access-date=26 March 2011}}</ref> in a 2015 ''[[Bachtrack]]'' poll, he was ranked by music critics as the world's third best living conductor.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pullinger |first=Mark |date=3 September 2015 |title=Chailly and the Berliner Philharmoniker: the critics' choice for World's Best Conductor and Orchestra |work=[[Bachtrack]] |access-date=6 May 2021 |url=https://bachtrack.com/worlds-best-orchestra-best-conductor-critics-choice-september-2015 }}</ref> Jansons was long associated with the [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]] (BRSO; 2003–2019) and [[Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra]] (RCO; 2004–2015) as music director.


Born in [[Riga]], Latvia, Jansons moved to Leningrad (now [[Saint Petersburg]]) in 1956, where he studied conducting, and he received further training in Austria. He achieved prominence with the [[Oslo Philharmonic]], where he served as music director from 1979 to 2000. He also directed the [[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra]] from 1997 to 2004, the [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]] from 2003 until his death, and the [[Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra]] from 2004 to 2015.
Born in [[Riga]], Latvia, Jansons moved to Leningrad (now [[Saint Petersburg]]) in 1956, where he studied conducting, and he received further training in Austria. He first achieved prominence with the [[Oslo Philharmonic]], where he served as music director from 1979 to 2000. Besides the BRSO and RCO, he also directed the [[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra]] from 1997 to 2004; he was a frequent guest conductor with the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] and [[London Symphony Orchestra]]. Jansons [[#Selected Recordings|recorded prolifically]], and was the recipient of [[#Awards and recognition|numerous awards]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Jansons was born in [[Riga]], Latvia—then [[German occupation of Latvia during World War II|under German occupation]] during the [[Second World War]]—to Iraida Jansons, the [[diva]] of the [[Latvian National Opera|Riga Opera]], and [[Arvīds Jansons]], conductor of the opera orchestra.<ref name=Guardian1999>{{cite news | author=Colin Hughes | title=Straight from the heart | url=https://www.theguardian.com/saturday_review/story/0,,295732,00.html|work=The Guardian|date=1 May 1999|accessdate=19 August 2007}}</ref> Iraida, who was Jewish, gave birth to her son in hiding after being smuggled out of the [[Riga Ghetto]], where her father and brother were murdered by the Nazis. As a child, Jansons first studied violin with his father.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Ludwig|last1=Heinrich|title=Viele Werte sind verloren gegangen|trans-title=Many values have been lost| url=http://www.nachrichten.at/nachrichten/kultur/art16,692418|work=[[Oberösterreichische Nachrichten]]|date=20 August 2011|accessdate=21 August 2011}}</ref>
Jansons was born in [[Riga]], Latvia—then [[German occupation of Latvia during World War II|under German occupation]] during the [[Second World War]]—to Iraida Jansons, the [[diva]] of the [[Latvian National Opera|Riga Opera]], and [[Arvīds Jansons]], conductor of the opera orchestra.<ref name=Guardian1999>{{cite news | author=Colin Hughes | title=Straight from the heart | url=https://www.theguardian.com/saturday_review/story/0,,295732,00.html|work=The Guardian|date=1 May 1999|access-date=19 August 2007}}</ref> Iraida, who was Jewish, gave birth to her son in hiding after being smuggled out of the [[Riga Ghetto]], where her father and brother were murdered by the Nazis. As a child, Jansons first studied violin with his father.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Ludwig|last1=Heinrich|title=Viele Werte sind verloren gegangen|trans-title=Many values have been lost| url=http://www.nachrichten.at/nachrichten/kultur/art16,692418|work=[[Oberösterreichische Nachrichten]]|date=20 August 2011|access-date=21 August 2011}}</ref>


In 1956, Arvīds was appointed assistant conductor to [[Yevgeny Mravinsky]] at the [[Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra|Leningrad Philharmonic]]. Jansons joined his father in Leningrad, where he began to study conducting, and soon entered the [[Saint Petersburg Conservatory|Leningrad Conservatory]].<ref name=Guardian1999/> In 1968, [[Herbert von Karajan]] visited the Soviet Union, and he singled out Jansons and [[Dmitri Kitayenko]] from a group of young conductors. Karajan offered Jansons the opportunity to study with him in Berlin, but the Soviet authorities blocked the offer.<ref name=Guardian1999/> In 1969, Jansons continued his training with [[Hans Swarowsky]] in [[Vienna]], and then in [[Salzburg]] with Karajan.<ref name=Guardian1999/> In 1971, Jansons won the second prize at the "Herbert von Karajan" International Conducting Competition.<ref name="Millington">{{cite news | author=Barry Millington | title= Mariss Jansons obituary | url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/dec/01/mariss-jansons-obituary |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 December 2019 |accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="BR">{{cite news | title=Trauer um Stardirigenten Mariss Jansons | url=https://www.br.de/nachrichten/kultur/trauer-um-stardirigent-mariss-jansons,RjONbnV | work=[[Bayerischer Rundfunk|BR]] | date=1 December 2019 | accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref> Karajan invited Jansons to be his assistant with the [[Berlin Philharmonic]], but the Soviet authorities blocked Jansons from ever hearing about the offer.<ref name=Guardian1999/>
In 1956, Arvīds was appointed assistant conductor to [[Yevgeny Mravinsky]] at the [[Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra|Leningrad Philharmonic]]. Jansons joined his father in Leningrad, where he began to study conducting, and soon entered the [[Saint Petersburg Conservatory|Leningrad Conservatory]].<ref name=Guardian1999/> In 1968, [[Herbert von Karajan]] visited the Soviet Union, and he singled out Jansons and [[Dmitri Kitayenko]] from a group of young conductors. Karajan offered Jansons the opportunity to study with him in Berlin, but the Soviet authorities blocked the offer.<ref name=Guardian1999/> In 1969, Jansons continued his training with [[Hans Swarowsky]] in [[Vienna]], and then in [[Salzburg]] with Karajan.<ref name=Guardian1999/> In 1971, Jansons won the second prize at the "Herbert von Karajan" International Conducting Competition.<ref name="Millington">{{cite news | author=Barry Millington | title= Mariss Jansons obituary | url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/dec/01/mariss-jansons-obituary |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 December 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="BR">{{cite news | title=Trauer um Stardirigenten Mariss Jansons | url=https://www.br.de/nachrichten/kultur/trauer-um-stardirigent-mariss-jansons,RjONbnV | work=[[Bayerischer Rundfunk|BR]] | date=1 December 2019 | access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref> Karajan invited Jansons to be his assistant with the [[Berlin Philharmonic]], but the Soviet authorities blocked Jansons from ever hearing about the offer.<ref name=Guardian1999/>


==Career==
==Career==
[[File:Imperfect Harmony.webm|{{largethumb}}|Scene from the documentary ''Imperfect Harmony'', with Mariss Jansons and [[Louis Andriessen]] preparing a new composition by the latter with the [[Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra]]]]
[[File:Imperfect Harmony.webm|upright=1.35|thumb|Scene from the documentary ''Imperfect Harmony'', with Mariss Jansons and [[Louis Andriessen]] preparing a new composition by the latter with the [[Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra]]]]
In 1973, Jansons was appointed Associate Conductor of the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (now the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra). In 1979, he was appointed Music Director of the [[Oslo Philharmonic]], with which he performed, recorded and toured extensively. Jansons resigned his Oslo position in 2000 after disputes with the city over the acoustics of the [[Oslo Concert Hall]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Hugh Canning | title=On the upbeat | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article787347.ece | work=The Times | date=15 January 2006 | accessdate=19 August 2007}}</ref>
In 1973, Jansons was appointed Associate Conductor of the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1979, he was appointed Music Director of the [[Oslo Philharmonic]], with which he performed, recorded and toured extensively. Jansons resigned his Oslo position in 2000 after disputes with the city over the acoustics of the [[Oslo Concert Hall]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Hugh Canning | title=On the upbeat | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article787347.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517030152/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article787347.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 May 2011 | work=The Times | date=15 January 2006 | access-date=19 August 2007}}</ref>


In 1992, Jansons was named Principal Guest Conductor of the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]]. He worked as a guest conductor with the [[London Symphony Orchestra]] and recorded [[Symphony No. 6 (Mahler)|Mahler's Symphony No. 6]] with them for the LSO Live label.<ref>{{cite news | author=Richard Morrison | title=A hundred to one | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article1034633.ece | work=The Times | date=6 December 2003 | accessdate=19 August 2007}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Hugh Canning | title=Classical CD of the Week: Mahler: Symphony No 6 | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article848274.ece | work=The Times | date=27 July 2003 | accessdate=20 April 2008}}</ref>
In 1992, Jansons was named Principal Guest Conductor of the [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]]. He worked as a guest conductor with the [[London Symphony Orchestra]] and recorded [[Symphony No. 6 (Mahler)|Mahler's Symphony No. 6]] with them for the LSO Live label.<ref>{{cite news | author=Richard Morrison | title=A hundred to one | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article1034633.ece | work=The Times | date=6 December 2003 | access-date=19 August 2007}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} </ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Hugh Canning | title=Classical CD of the Week: Mahler: Symphony No 6 | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article848274.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517095742/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article848274.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 May 2011 | work=The Times | date=27 July 2003 | access-date=20 April 2008}}</ref>


In 1997, Jansons became the Music Director of the [[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra]]. His initial contract was for three years, but his subsequent contract renewals were evergreen contracts that required yearly renewal. In June 2002, he announced his departure from the orchestra in 2004.<ref>{{cite news | author=Mark Kanny | title=Jansons to bid city adieu in '04 | url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_75319.html | work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review | date=7 June 2002 | accessdate=17 March 2007 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208230651/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_75319.html | archivedate=8 February 2009 }}</ref>
In 1997, Jansons became the Music Director of the [[Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra]]. His initial contract was for three years, but his subsequent contract renewals were evergreen contracts that required yearly renewal. In June 2002, he announced his resignation, which would become effective in 2004.<ref>{{cite news | author=Mark Kanny | title=Jansons to bid city adieu in '04 | url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_75319.html | work=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review | date=7 June 2002 | access-date=17 March 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208230651/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_75319.html | archive-date=8 February 2009 }}</ref>


In April 1996, Jansons nearly died from a severe heart attack while conducting the final pages of ''[[La bohème]]'' in Oslo.<ref>{{cite news|author=Geoff Brown |title=Brave heart |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article1127911.ece |work=The Times |date=12 April 2003 |accessdate=22 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517030211/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article1127911.ece |archivedate=17 May 2011 }}</ref> He recuperated in Switzerland. Later, surgeons in Pittsburgh fitted an [[Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator|implanted defibrillator]] in his chest to give his heart an electric jolt if it failed.<ref name="The Hollywood Reporter">{{cite news |date=1 December 2019 |title=Mariss Jansons, Conductor Who Led Top Orchestras, Dies at 76 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mariss-jansons-dead-conductor-who-led-top-orchestras-dies-at-76-1258561 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref> (Jansons's father had died at a 1984 concert, conducting the [[The Hallé|Hallé Orchestra]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Tom Service | title=It's good to have dreams | url=http://music.guardian.co.uk/classical/tomservice/story/0,,2008504,00.html | work=The Guardian | date=9 February 2007 | accessdate=11 February 2007| author-link=Tom Service }}</ref>) Jansons stated that he suffered from [[jet lag]], and this was one reason that he left his American position.<ref>{{cite news | author=Geoffrey Norris | title=Musician, magician | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2002/09/12/bmgn12.xml | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=12 September 2002 | accessdate=24 February 2007}}</ref>
In April 1996, Jansons nearly died from a severe heart attack while conducting the final pages of ''[[La bohème]]'' in Oslo.<ref>{{cite news|author=Geoff Brown |title=Brave heart |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article1127911.ece |work=The Times |date=12 April 2003 |access-date=22 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517030211/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article1127911.ece |archive-date=17 May 2011 }}</ref> He recuperated in Switzerland. Later, surgeons in Pittsburgh fitted an [[Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator|implanted defibrillator]] in his chest to give his heart an electric jolt if it failed.<ref name="The Hollywood Reporter">{{cite news |date=1 December 2019 |title=Mariss Jansons, Conductor Who Led Top Orchestras, Dies at 76 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mariss-jansons-dead-conductor-who-led-top-orchestras-dies-at-76-1258561 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref> (Jansons's father had died at a 1984 concert, conducting the [[The Hallé|Hallé Orchestra]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Tom Service | title=It's good to have dreams | url=http://music.guardian.co.uk/classical/tomservice/story/0,,2008504,00.html | work=The Guardian | date=9 February 2007 | access-date=11 February 2007| author-link=Tom Service }}</ref>) Jansons stated that he suffered from [[jet lag]], and this was one reason that he left his American position.<ref>{{cite news | author=Geoffrey Norris | author-link=Geoffrey Norris | title=Musician, magician | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2002/09/12/bmgn12.xml | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040922085201/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2002/09/12/bmgn12.xml | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 September 2004 | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=12 September 2002 | access-date=24 February 2007}}</ref>


At the start of the 2003/04 season, Jansons began his tenure as Chief Conductor of the [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]] (BRSO),<ref>{{cite news | author=Martin Kettle | title=Prime Timer | url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/fridayreview/story/0,,1134050,00.html | work=The Guardian | date=30 January 2004 | accessdate=3 February 2007}}</ref> for an initial contract of three years.<ref>{{cite news | author=Hilary Finch | title=Every performance is a brave new world | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article884683.ece | work=The Times | date=26 August 2003 |accessdate=22 February 2007}}</ref> His commitment with the BRSO was for ten weeks per season.<ref>{{cite news | author=Geoffrey Norris | title='I've decided to cut myself in two' | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2004/05/06/bmcond06.xml | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=6 May 2004 |accessdate=19 April 2007}}</ref> In September 2006, Jansons extended his initial BRSO contract to August 2009.<ref>{{cite news | author=Vivien Schweitzer | title=Mariss Jansons and Bavarian Radio Symphony to Make First US Tour Together in November | url=http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/5274.html | work=Playbill Arts | date=22 September 2006|accessdate=19 April 2007}}</ref> In July 2007, he further extended his contract with the BRSO to August 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mariss Jansons bleibt Chef|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/kultur/Musik-Klassik;art971,2337500|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|date=11 July 2007|accessdate=10 September 2007}}</ref> In April 2011, he extended his BRSO contract to August 2015 in Munich.<ref>"BR verlängert Vertrag mit Mariss Jansons" (press release). Bayerischer Rundfunk, 15 April 2011.</ref> In June 2013, the BRSO further extended Jansons's contract through August 2018.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.br.de/radio/br-klassik/symphonieorchester/mariss-jansons-2018-vertragsverlaengerung100.html | title=Mariss Jansons – Vertragsverlängerung bis 2018 | publisher=Bayerischer Rundfunk | date=3 June 2013 | accessdate=16 June 2013}}</ref> In May 2015, the BRSO announced another extension of Jansons's contract through 2021.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.br.de/presse/inhalt/pressemitteilungen/mariss-jansons-verlaengert-vertrag-100.html | title=Mariss Jansons bleibt bis 2021 Chefdirigent | publisher=Bayerischer Rundfunk | date=8 May 2015 | accessdate=19 May 2015}}</ref> In July 2018, the orchestra announced a further extension of the maestro's contract through 2024.<ref>{{cite press release | title=MARISS JANSONS EXTENDS HIS CONTRACT WITH BAYERISCHER RUNDFUNK | url=https://www.br-so.com/orchestra/maestro-mariss-jansons/jansons-extends-contract/ | publisher=Bayerischer Rundfunk | date=18 July 2018 | accessdate=18 July 2018}}</ref> He regularly campaigned for the construction of a new concert hall for the orchestra.<ref name="Independent"/>
At the start of the 2003-2004 season, Jansons began his tenure as Chief Conductor of the [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]] (BRSO),<ref>{{cite news | author=Martin Kettle | title=Prime Timer | url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/fridayreview/story/0,,1134050,00.html | work=The Guardian | date=30 January 2004 | access-date=3 February 2007}}</ref> for an initial contract of three years.<ref>{{cite news | author=Hilary Finch | title=Every performance is a brave new world | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article884683.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517030241/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article884683.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 May 2011 | work=The Times | date=26 August 2003 |access-date=22 February 2007}}</ref> His commitment with the BRSO was for ten weeks per season.<ref>{{cite news | author=Geoffrey Norris | author-link=Geoffrey Norris | title='I've decided to cut myself in two' | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2004/05/06/bmcond06.xml | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=6 May 2004 |access-date=19 April 2007}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In September 2006, Jansons extended his initial BRSO contract to August 2009.<ref>{{cite news | author=Vivien Schweitzer | title=Mariss Jansons and Bavarian Radio Symphony to Make First US Tour Together in November | url=http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/5274.html | work=Playbill Arts | date=22 September 2006|access-date=19 April 2007}}</ref> In July 2007, he further extended his contract with the BRSO to August 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mariss Jansons bleibt Chef|url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/kultur/Musik-Klassik;art971,2337500|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|date=11 July 2007|access-date=10 September 2007}}</ref> In April 2011, he extended his BRSO contract to August 2015 in Munich.<ref>"BR verlängert Vertrag mit Mariss Jansons" (press release). Bayerischer Rundfunk, 15 April 2011.</ref> In June 2013, the BRSO further extended Jansons's contract through August 2018.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.br.de/radio/br-klassik/symphonieorchester/mariss-jansons-2018-vertragsverlaengerung100.html | title=Mariss Jansons – Vertragsverlängerung bis 2018 | publisher=Bayerischer Rundfunk | date=3 June 2013 | access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> In May 2015, the BRSO announced another extension of Jansons's contract through 2021.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.br.de/presse/inhalt/pressemitteilungen/mariss-jansons-verlaengert-vertrag-100.html | title=Mariss Jansons bleibt bis 2021 Chefdirigent | publisher=Bayerischer Rundfunk | date=8 May 2015 | access-date=19 May 2015}}</ref> In July 2018, the orchestra announced a further extension of his contract through 2024.<ref>{{cite press release | title=Mariss Jansons Extends his Contract with Bayerischer Rundfunk | url=https://www.br-so.com/orchestra/maestro-mariss-jansons/jansons-extends-contract/ | publisher=Bayerischer Rundfunk | date=18 July 2018 | access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> He regularly campaigned for the construction of a new concert hall for the orchestra.<ref name="Independent"/> On 8 November 2019, he conducted his final orchestral concert, at [[Carnegie Hall]] with the BRSO and [[Diana Damrau]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://newyorkclassicalreview.com/2019/11/brahms-provides-a-highlight-in-mixed-outing-from-jansons-bavarian-radio-symphony/ | title=Brahms provides a highlight in mixed outing from Jansons, Bavarian Radio Symphony | work=New York Classical Review | author=Eric C. Simpson | date=9 November 2019 | access-date=2020-11-20}}</ref>


In October 2002, Jansons was named the sixth Chief Conductor of the [[Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra]] (RCO) of Amsterdam, effective 1 September 2004, succeeding [[Riccardo Chailly]].<ref name="BR" /><ref>Martin Cullingford, "Jansons confirmed as Royal Concertgebouw head". ''Gramophone'', 17 October 2002.</ref> His initial Amsterdam contract was for three years,<ref>Guido van Oorschot, "Mariss Jansons to Succeed Riccardo Chailly at the Concertgebouw Orchestra". andante.com (overall website now defunct), 16 October 2002.</ref> and his commitment in Amsterdam was for twelve weeks per season. In April 2014, the orchestra announced the scheduled conclusion of Jansons's tenure as Chief Conductor after the 2014–2015 season.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.concertgebouworkest.nl/en/News/News-overview/2013-2014/Mariss-Jansons-bids-farewell/ |title=Mariss Jansons Bids Farewell |publisher=Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra |date=22 April 2014 |accessdate=23 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424044601/http://www.concertgebouworkest.nl/en/News/News-overview/2013-2014/Mariss-Jansons-bids-farewell/ |archivedate=24 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Imogen Tilden | title=Mariss Jansons announces Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra departure | url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/apr/22/mariss-jansons-announces-royal-concertgebouw-orchestra-departure | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=22 April 2014 | accessdate=23 April 2014}}</ref> He conducted his final concert as chief conductor of the RCO on 20 March 2015, in the presence of [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]] and [[Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Queen Maxima]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://nos.nl/artikel/2026004-koning-en-koningin-bij-afscheidsconcert-mariss-jansons.html | title=Koning en koningin bij afscheidsconcert Mariss Jansons | work=Nederlandse Omroep Stichting | date=20 March 2015 | accessdate=21 March 2015}}</ref>
In October 2002, Jansons was named the sixth Chief Conductor of the [[Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra]] (RCO) of Amsterdam, effective 1 September 2004, succeeding [[Riccardo Chailly]].<ref name="BR" /><ref>Martin Cullingford, "Jansons confirmed as Royal Concertgebouw head". ''Gramophone'', 17 October 2002.</ref> His initial Amsterdam contract was for three years,<ref>Guido van Oorschot, "Mariss Jansons to Succeed Riccardo Chailly at the Concertgebouw Orchestra". andante.com (overall website now defunct), 16 October 2002.</ref> and his commitment in Amsterdam was for twelve weeks per season. In April 2014, the orchestra announced that Jansons was to stand down as chief conductor after the 2014–2015 season.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.concertgebouworkest.nl/en/News/News-overview/2013-2014/Mariss-Jansons-bids-farewell/ |title=Mariss Jansons Bids Farewell |publisher=Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra |date=22 April 2014 |access-date=23 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424044601/http://www.concertgebouworkest.nl/en/News/News-overview/2013-2014/Mariss-Jansons-bids-farewell/ |archive-date=24 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Imogen Tilden | title=Mariss Jansons announces Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra departure | url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/apr/22/mariss-jansons-announces-royal-concertgebouw-orchestra-departure | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=22 April 2014 | access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> He conducted his final concert as chief conductor of the RCO on 20 March 2015, in the presence of [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]] and [[Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Queen Maxima]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://nos.nl/artikel/2026004-koning-en-koningin-bij-afscheidsconcert-mariss-jansons.html | title=Koning en koningin bij afscheidsconcert Mariss Jansons | work=Nederlandse Omroep Stichting | date=20 March 2015 | access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref> He subsequently held the title of conductor emeritus of the KCO until his death.<ref name="Concertgebouworkest"/>


In 2006, Jansons conducted the [[Vienna Philharmonic]] [[Vienna New Year's Concert|New Year's Concert]] for the first time. Also in January 2006, he was awarded [[MIDEM]]'s Artist of the Year Award in Cannes. In October 2007, Jansons (who was [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]<ref>{{cite news | author=Markus Thiel | title=Götterfunken im Vatikan | url=http://www.merkur-online.de/kultur_leben/kultur/art8934,853352 | work=Müncher Merkur | date=26 October 2007 | accessdate=10 November 2007}}</ref>) conducted Beethoven's [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]] with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra for [[Pope Benedict XVI]] and 7,000 other listeners in the papal audience hall (''Auditorio Paul VI''). Jansons conducted the [[Vienna New Year's Concert]] for the second time in 2012. The concert was televised worldwide in seventy-three countries. He conducted the Vienna Philharmonic New Year's Concert for a third time in 2016. The New Year's Concert 2016 was broadcast in over 90 countries around the world and was seen by 50&nbsp;million television viewers.
In 2006, Jansons conducted the [[Vienna Philharmonic]] [[Vienna New Year's Concert|New Year's Concert]] for the first time. Also in January 2006, he was awarded [[MIDEM]]'s Artist of the Year Award in Cannes. In October 2007, Jansons (who was [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]<ref>{{cite news | author=Markus Thiel | title=Götterfunken im Vatikan | url=http://www.merkur-online.de/kultur_leben/kultur/art8934,853352 | work=Müncher Merkur | date=26 October 2007 | access-date=10 November 2007}}</ref>) conducted Beethoven's [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]] with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra for [[Pope Benedict XVI]] and 7,000 other listeners in the papal audience hall (''Auditorio Paul VI''). Jansons conducted the [[Vienna New Year's Concert]] for the second time in 2012, and for the third and final time in 2016.


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Jansons was married twice. He and his first wife, Ira, had a daughter, Ilona, who became a pianist at the Mariinsky Theatre. The marriage ended during his tenure in Oslo. Jansons and his second wife Irina (née Outchitel),<ref name="Millington" /> a former speech therapist, had a home in Saint Petersburg, where Jansons kept his collection of scores.<ref>{{cite news | author=Richard Morrison | title=My other band's the Concertgebouw | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,14932-2110936,00.html | work=The Times | date=31 March 2006|accessdate=3 February 2007}}</ref> He held both Latvian and Russian citizenship.<ref name="The Hollywood Reporter"/>
Jansons was married twice. He and his first wife, Ira, had a daughter, Ilona, who became a pianist at the Mariinsky Theatre. The marriage ended during his tenure in Oslo. Jansons and his second wife Irina (née Outchitel),<ref name="Millington" /> a former speech therapist, had a home in Saint Petersburg, where Jansons kept his collection of scores.<ref>{{cite news | author=Richard Morrison | title=My other band's the Concertgebouw | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,14932-2110936,00.html | work=The Times | date=31 March 2006|access-date=3 February 2007}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> He held both Latvian and Russian citizenship.<ref name="The Hollywood Reporter"/>


==Death==
Jansons died during the night of 30 November 2019 / 1 December 2019 at his home in the [[Tolstoy House]], Saint Petersburg, as a result of a longstanding heart condition, aged 76.<ref name="LTV1"/><ref name="LR1"/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.br-klassik.de/aktuell/news-kritik/mariss-jansons-gestorben-dirigent-symphonieorchester-des-bayerischen-rundfunks-brso-100.html | title=Mariss Jansons gestorben - Eine Ära geht zu ende | work=BR Klassik | author=Fridemann Leipold | date=1 December 2019 | accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leyrer |first=Georg |date=1 December 2019 |title=Stardirigent Mariss Jansons laut lettischem Rundfunk gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/kultur/stardirigent-mariss-jansons-laut-lettischem-rundfunk-gestorben/400690685 |work=[[Kurier]] |location=Vienna |language=de |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>
Jansons died during the night of 30 November 2019 / 1 December 2019 at his home in the [[Tolstoy House]], Saint Petersburg, as a result of a longstanding heart condition, aged 76.<ref name="LTV1"/><ref name="LR1"/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.br-klassik.de/aktuell/news-kritik/mariss-jansons-gestorben-dirigent-symphonieorchester-des-bayerischen-rundfunks-brso-100.html | title=Mariss Jansons gestorben - Eine Ära geht zu ende | work=BR Klassik | author=Fridemann Leipold | date=1 December 2019 | access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Leyrer |first=Georg |date=1 December 2019 |title=Stardirigent Mariss Jansons laut lettischem Rundfunk gestorben |url=https://kurier.at/kultur/stardirigent-mariss-jansons-laut-lettischem-rundfunk-gestorben/400690685 |work=[[Kurier]] |location=Vienna |language=de |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>


==Awards and recognition==
==Awards and recognition==
Jansons was awarded various international honours for his achievements, including Commander of the [[Royal Norwegian Order of Merit]] from [[Harald V of Norway|King Harald of Norway]] and memberships in the [[Royal Academy of Music]] in London and the [[Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde]] (Society of Music Friends) in Vienna. He was awarded the [[St. Hallvard Medal]] in 1986.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seks ble hedret med St.Hallvard-medaljen|date=15 May 1986|agency=Norwegian News Agency|language=Norwegian}}</ref> In May 2006, he was awarded the [[Order of the Three Stars]] (2nd class or Grand Commander), Latvia's highest state honour. He was awarded the [[Bavarian Order of Merit]] in 2007 and in 2010, the [[Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art]]. In 2008, Jansons received the [[Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf | title = Reply to a parliamentary question | language = German | page=1877 |trans-title=| accessdate = 27 December 2012 }}</ref>
Jansons was awarded various international honours for his achievements, including Commander of the [[Royal Norwegian Order of Merit]] from [[Harald V of Norway|King Harald of Norway]] and memberships in the [[Royal Academy of Music]] in London and the [[Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde]] (Society of Music Friends) in Vienna. He was awarded the [[St. Hallvard Medal]] in 1986.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seks ble hedret med St.Hallvard-medaljen|date=15 May 1986|agency=Norwegian News Agency|language=no}}</ref> In May 2006, he was awarded the [[Order of the Three Stars]] (2nd class or Grand Commander), Latvia's highest state honour. He was awarded the [[Bavarian Order of Merit]] in 2007 and in 2010, the [[Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art]]. In 2008, Jansons received the [[Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf | title = Reply to a parliamentary question | language = de | page=1877 | access-date = 27 December 2012 }}</ref>


Jansons' recording of [[Dmitri Shostakovich|Shostakovich]]'s [[Symphony No. 13 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 13]] with Sergey Aleksashkin (bass) and the [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]] and Chorus won the [[Grammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance]] at the [[2006 Grammy Awards]].<ref name="Grammy">{{cite web|website=[[Grammy Awards]]|title=Mariss Jansons |url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/mariss-jansons |date= |accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref>
Jansons' recording of [[Dmitri Shostakovich|Shostakovich]]'s [[Symphony No. 13 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 13]] with Sergey Aleksashkin (bass) and the [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]] and Chorus won the [[Grammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance]] at the [[2006 Grammy Awards]].<ref name="Grammy">{{cite web|website=[[Grammy Awards]]|title=Mariss Jansons |url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/mariss-jansons |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>


In January 2006 he was awarded a [[Midem]], a Cannes Classical Award as Artist of the Year. In 2007 he was honoured by the German Phono Academy with the [[Echo Klassik]] as Conductor of the Year. In 2011, he was awarded the same title by the German journal ''[[Opernwelt]]''.<ref>{{cite news|work=Opernwelt|title=Die Ergebnisse der jährlichen Kritikerumfrage von ''Opernwelt''|url=http://www.kultiversum.de/Musik-Aktuell/Kritikerumfrage-von-Opernwelt.html|date=4 October 2011|accessdate=22 October 2011|language=German}}</ref>
In January 2006 he was awarded a [[Midem]], a Cannes Classical Award as Artist of the Year. In 2007 he was honoured by the German Phono Academy with the [[Echo Klassik]] as Conductor of the Year. In 2011, he was awarded the same title by the German journal ''[[Opernwelt]]''.<ref>{{cite news|work=Opernwelt|title=Die Ergebnisse der jährlichen Kritikerumfrage von ''Opernwelt''|url=http://www.kultiversum.de/Musik-Aktuell/Kritikerumfrage-von-Opernwelt.html|date=4 October 2011|access-date=22 October 2011|language=de}}</ref>


Jansons won the [[Ernst von Siemens Music Prize]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.evs-musikstiftung.ch/ernst-von-siemens-musikpreis/preisverleihung-2013/ |title=Preisverleihung 2013 |publisher=Ernst von Siemens Musikpreis |date=4 June 2013 |accessdate=16 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227015156/http://www.evs-musikstiftung.ch/ernst-von-siemens-musikpreis/preisverleihung-2013/ |archivedate=27 December 2013 }}</ref> On 31 March 2013 Jansons was awarded a medal of honour "For the Merits before St. Petersburg". On 4 October 2013, Jansons received the [[Grand Merit Cross with Star of the Federal Republic of Germany]].<ref>{{cite news|work=bundespraesident.de|title=Ordensverleihung zum Tag der Deutschen Einheit|url=http://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Berichte/DE/Joachim-Gauck/2013/10/131004-Verdienstorden-Tag-deutsche-Einheit.html|date=4 October 2013|accessdate=3 October 2013|language=German}}</ref>
Jansons won the [[Ernst von Siemens Music Prize]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.evs-musikstiftung.ch/ernst-von-siemens-musikpreis/preisverleihung-2013/ |title=Preisverleihung 2013 |publisher=Ernst von Siemens Musikpreis |date=4 June 2013 |access-date=16 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227015156/http://www.evs-musikstiftung.ch/ernst-von-siemens-musikpreis/preisverleihung-2013/ |archive-date=27 December 2013 }}</ref> On 31 March 2013 Jansons was awarded a medal of honour "For the Merits before St. Petersburg". On 4 October 2013, Jansons received the [[Grand Merit Cross with Star of the Federal Republic of Germany]].<ref>{{cite news|work=bundespraesident.de|title=Ordensverleihung zum Tag der Deutschen Einheit|url=http://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Berichte/DE/Joachim-Gauck/2013/10/131004-Verdienstorden-Tag-deutsche-Einheit.html|date=4 October 2013|access-date=3 October 2013|language=de}}</ref>


On 1 November 2013, Jansons was awarded [[Knight]] of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]] and received it from Dutch Minister of Education, Culture and Science [[Jet Bussemaker]].<ref>{{cite news|work=concertgebouworkest.nl |title=Mariss Jansons Made A Knight of The Order of The Lion of The Netherlands |url=http://www.concertgebouworkest.nl/en/News/News-overview/2013-2014/Mariss-Jansons-made-a-Knight-of-the-Orderof-the-Lion-Of-the-Netherlands/ |date=5 November 2013 |accessdate=5 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223534/http://www.concertgebouworkest.nl/en/News/News-overview/2013-2014/Mariss-Jansons-made-a-Knight-of-the-Orderof-the-Lion-Of-the-Netherlands/ |archivedate=5 November 2013}}</ref>
On 1 November 2013, Jansons was awarded [[Knight]] of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]] and received it from Dutch Minister of Education, Culture and Science [[Jet Bussemaker]].<ref>{{cite news|work=concertgebouworkest.nl |title=Mariss Jansons Made A Knight of The Order of The Lion of The Netherlands |url=http://www.concertgebouworkest.nl/en/News/News-overview/2013-2014/Mariss-Jansons-made-a-Knight-of-the-Orderof-the-Lion-Of-the-Netherlands/ |date=5 November 2013 |access-date=5 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223534/http://www.concertgebouworkest.nl/en/News/News-overview/2013-2014/Mariss-Jansons-made-a-Knight-of-the-Orderof-the-Lion-Of-the-Netherlands/ |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref>


In a press release dated 23 November 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalphilharmonicsociety.org.uk/rps_today/news/mariss-jansons-awarded-rps-gold-medal|title=Mariss Jansons awarded with the RPS Gold Medal|date=23 November 2017|website=Royal Philharmonic Society|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> the [[Royal Philharmonic Society]] announced that Mariss Jansons had been awarded the RPS Gold Medal – one of the highest honors in the world of classical music. The medal itself was presented to Jansons by the world-renowned pianist [[Mitsuko Uchida]] during a concert with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks) in the evening of 24 November 2017 in London's [[Barbican Centre|Barbican Hall]].<ref>{{cite press release |title=Goldmedaille der Royal Philharmonic Society London für Mariss Jansons |url=https://www.br.de/presse/inhalt/pressemitteilungen/mariss-jansons-royal-philharmonic-society-london-100.html |location=München |publisher=Bayerischer Rundfunk |date=23 November 2017 |language=German |access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> Mariss Jansons was the 104th recipient of the RPS Gold Medal.
In November 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://royalphilharmonicsociety.org.uk/rps_today/news/mariss-jansons-awarded-rps-gold-medal|title=Mariss Jansons awarded with the RPS Gold Medal|date=23 November 2017|website=Royal Philharmonic Society|access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> the [[Royal Philharmonic Society]] awarded Jansons the RPS Gold Medal, with [[Mitsuko Uchida]] presenting the medal to Jansons during a concert with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks) on 24 November 2017 at the [[Barbican Centre|Barbican Hall]].<ref>{{cite press release |title=Goldmedaille der Royal Philharmonic Society London für Mariss Jansons |url=https://www.br.de/presse/inhalt/pressemitteilungen/mariss-jansons-royal-philharmonic-society-london-100.html |location=München |publisher=Bayerischer Rundfunk |date=23 November 2017 |language=de |access-date=23 November 2017}}</ref> Jansons was the 104th recipient of the RPS Gold Medal.


In 2018 he was awarded an Honorary Membership of the Berliner Philharmoniker,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/en/titelgeschichten/20172018/jansons-75/ |title=Honorary Membership for Mariss Jansons |year=2018 |website=Berliner Philharmoniker |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref> and in June 2018 of the [[Vienna Philharmonic]].<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=5 June 2018 |title=Vienna Philharmonic Honorary Membership for Mariss Jansons |url=https://www.wienerphilharmoniker.at/orchestra/philharmonic-journal/blogitemid/1307 |work=wienerphilharmoniker.at |location=Vienna |publisher=Wiener Philharmoniker |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref>
In 2018, Jansons was awarded Honorary Membership of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/en/titelgeschichten/20172018/jansons-75/ |title=Honorary Membership for Mariss Jansons |year=2018 |website=Berliner Philharmoniker |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref> and in June 2018 of the [[Vienna Philharmonic]].<ref>{{cite web |date=5 June 2018 |title=Vienna Philharmonic Honorary Membership for Mariss Jansons |url=https://www.wienerphilharmoniker.at/orchestra/philharmonic-journal/blogitemid/1307 |work=wienerphilharmoniker.at |location=Vienna |publisher=Wiener Philharmoniker |access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref>


On 14 April 2019, he received the [[Herbert von Karajan Prize]] at the Salzburg Easter Festival.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mayer |first=Helmut Christian |date=16 April 2019 |title=Die Kritiken von den Osterfestspielen: Meisterliches abseits von Wagner |url=https://kurier.at/kultur/die-kritiken-von-den-osterfestspielen-meisterliches-abseits-von-wagner/400468393 |work=[[Kurier]] |location=Vienna |access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref> In 2019, he received the Opus Klassik award in the category "Lifetime Achievement”.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=2 October 2019 |title=Opus Klassik für den Dirigenten Mariss Jansons |url=https://www.badische-zeitung.de/opus-klassik-fuer-den-dirigenten-mariss-jansons--177888456.html |work=[[Badische Zeitung]] |location=Freiburg |agency=dpa |access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref>
On 14 April 2019, Jansons received the [[Herbert von Karajan Prize]] at the Salzburg Easter Festival.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mayer |first=Helmut Christian |date=16 April 2019 |title=Die Kritiken von den Osterfestspielen: Meisterliches abseits von Wagner |url=https://kurier.at/kultur/die-kritiken-von-den-osterfestspielen-meisterliches-abseits-von-wagner/400468393 |work=[[Kurier]] |location=Vienna |access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref> In 2019, he received the Opus Klassik award in the category "Lifetime Achievement”.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 October 2019 |title=Opus Klassik für den Dirigenten Mariss Jansons |url=https://www.badische-zeitung.de/opus-klassik-fuer-den-dirigenten-mariss-jansons--177888456.html |work=[[Badische Zeitung]] |location=Freiburg |agency=dpa |access-date=2 October 2019}}</ref>


In 2020, the BRSO posthumously awarded its Karl Amadeus Hartmann Medal to Jansons.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nmz.de/kiz/nachrichten/br-symphonieorchester-verleiht-posthum-medaille-an-mariss-jansons | title=BR-Symphonieorchester verleiht posthum Medaille an Mariss Jansons | work=NMZ | date=2020-01-13 | access-date=2020-11-20}}</ref>
==Recordings==

⚫
Jansons is credited on over 190 orchestral recordings.<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mariss-jansons-mn0000132061/discography</ref>
==Selected recordings==
⚫
*Bruckner: [[Symphony No. 7 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 7]] – [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]] (BR-KLASSIK 403571900100)<ref>[https://www.allmusic.com/album/bruckner-symphonie-no-7-mw0001425047 Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra / Mariss Jansons / Bruckner: Symphonie No. 7] [[AllMusic]]</ref>
⚫
Jansons is credited on over 190 orchestral recordings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mariss-jansons-mn0000132061/discography|title = Mariss Jansons &#124; Album Discography| website=[[AllMusic]] }}</ref>
⚫
*Mahler: [[Symphony No. 7 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 7]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 403571900101)
*Strauss: [[Four Last Songs]]/Vier letzte Lieder, Rosenkavalier-Suite, [[Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks]]/Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche – [[Anja Harteros]], Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900707)
* [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]: The Symphonies and Reflections – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900119)
*Britten: [[War Requiem]] – [[Emily Magee]], [[Mark Padmore]], [[Christian Gerhaher]], Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900120)
* [[Hector Berlioz]]: ''[[Symphonie fantastique]]'' – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900121)
*[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]: The Symphonies and Reflections – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900119)
* [[Benjamin Britten]]: ''[[War Requiem]]'' – [[Emily Magee]], [[Mark Padmore]], [[Christian Gerhaher]], Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900120)
⚫
* [[Anton Bruckner]]: [[Symphony No. 7 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 7]] – [[Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra]] (BR-KLASSIK 403571900100)<ref>[https://www.allmusic.com/album/bruckner-symphonie-no-7-mw0001425047 Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra / Mariss Jansons / Bruckner: Symphonie No. 7] [[AllMusic]]</ref>
⚫
*Berlioz: [[Symphonie fantastique]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900121)
*Dvořák: [[Stabat Mater (Dvořák)|Stabat Mater]] – [[Erin Wall]], Mihoko Fujimura, [[Christian Elsner]], Liang Li, Chor des Bayerischen Rundfunks and Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900142)
* [[Antonín Dvořák]]: ''[[Stabat Mater (Dvořák)|Stabat Mater]]'' – [[Erin Wall]], [[Mihoko Fujimura]], [[Christian Elsner]], Liang Li, Chor des Bayerischen Rundfunks and Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900142)
*Strauss: [[Eine Alpensinfonie]]/[[Tod und Verklärung]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900148)
* [[Gustav Mahler]]: [[Symphony No. 5 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 5]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900150)
*Mahler: [[Symphony No. 9 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 9]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900151)
* [[Gustav Mahler]]: [[Symphony No. 7 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 7]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 403571900101)
*Mahler: [[Symphony No. 5 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 5]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900150)
* [[Gustav Mahler]]: [[Symphony No. 9 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 9]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900151)
*Tchaikovsky: [[The Queen of Spades (opera)|The Queen of Spades]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900129)
* [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]: [[Symphony No. 5 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 5]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900191)
⚫
* [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]: [[Symphony No. 7 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 7]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900184)
* [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]: [[Symphony No. 10 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 10]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900185)
* [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]: [[Symphony No. 13 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 13]] – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (EMI)
⚫
* [[Richard Strauss]]: ''[[Eine Alpensinfonie]]''/''[[Tod und Verklärung]]'' – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900148)
* [[Richard Strauss]]: ''[[Four Last Songs]]''/''Vier letzte Lieder'', ''Rosenkavalier-Suite'', ''[[Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks]]''/''Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche'' – [[Anja Harteros]], Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900707)
* [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]: ''[[The Queen of Spades (opera)|The Queen of Spades]]'' – Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BR-KLASSIK 900129)
* ''Mariss Jansons - His Last Concert: Live at Carnegie Hall'' (Richard Strauss, Brahms; BR-Klassik 900192)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.br-klassik.de/aktuell/news-kritik/mariss-jansons-anton-barachovsky-letztes-konzert-his-last-concert-erscheint-auf-cd-100.html | title=Mariss Jansons — CD "His Last Concert": Sein letztes Konzert | work=Br-Klassik | author=Denise Maurer | date=2020-11-05 | access-date=2020-11-20}}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
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*{{DNB portal|123796806}}
*{{DNB portal|123796806}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033825/http://www.wnyc.org/shows/mam/episodes/2006/12/03 Gilbert Kaplan, "Mad About Music: Mariss Jansons". WNYC-FM radio interview, 3 December 2006]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033825/http://www.wnyc.org/shows/mam/episodes/2006/12/03 Gilbert Kaplan, "Mad About Music: Mariss Jansons". WNYC-FM radio interview, 3 December 2006]
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=q31519}}
*{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=q31519}}
*{{Discogs artist}}
*{{Discogs artist}}
*[http://www.bruceduffie.com/jansons.html Interview with Mariss Jansons], 2 November 1987
*[http://www.bruceduffie.com/jansons.html Interview with Mariss Jansons], 2 November 1987
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{{Léonie Sonning Music Prize laureates}}
{{Léonie Sonning Music Prize laureates}}
{{Gramophone Hall of Fame}}
{{Gramophone Hall of Fame}}

{{Portal bar|Classical music|opera|music}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 01:20, 27 September 2024

"Jansons" redirects here. For others with the surname, see Jansons (surname).

Mariss Jansons
Mariss Jansons in 2015
Born
Mariss Ivars Georgs Jansons

(1943-01-14)14 January 1943
Riga, Reichskommissariat Ostland, Nazi Germany
(now Riga, Latvia)
Died1 December 2019(2019-12-01) (aged 76)[a]
Saint Petersburg, Russia
OccupationConductor
Organizations
RelativesArvīds Jansons (father)
Awards

Mariss Ivars Georgs Jansons (14 January 1943 – 1 December 2019[a]) was a Latvian conductor, best known for his interpretations of Mahler, Strauss, and Russian composers such as Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, and Shostakovich.[7] During his lifetime he was often cited as among the world's leading conductors;[7][8][9][10] in a 2015 Bachtrack poll, he was ranked by music critics as the world's third best living conductor.[11] Jansons was long associated with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BRSO; 2003–2019) and Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (RCO; 2004–2015) as music director.

Born in Riga, Latvia, Jansons moved to Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) in 1956, where he studied conducting, and he received further training in Austria. He first achieved prominence with the Oslo Philharmonic, where he served as music director from 1979 to 2000. Besides the BRSO and RCO, he also directed the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra from 1997 to 2004; he was a frequent guest conductor with the London Philharmonic Orchestra and London Symphony Orchestra. Jansons recorded prolifically, and was the recipient of numerous awards.

Early life

[edit]

Jansons was born in Riga, Latvia—then under German occupation during the Second World War—to Iraida Jansons, the diva of the Riga Opera, and Arvīds Jansons, conductor of the opera orchestra.[12] Iraida, who was Jewish, gave birth to her son in hiding after being smuggled out of the Riga Ghetto, where her father and brother were murdered by the Nazis. As a child, Jansons first studied violin with his father.[13]

In 1956, Arvīds was appointed assistant conductor to Yevgeny Mravinsky at the Leningrad Philharmonic. Jansons joined his father in Leningrad, where he began to study conducting, and soon entered the Leningrad Conservatory.[12] In 1968, Herbert von Karajan visited the Soviet Union, and he singled out Jansons and Dmitri Kitayenko from a group of young conductors. Karajan offered Jansons the opportunity to study with him in Berlin, but the Soviet authorities blocked the offer.[12] In 1969, Jansons continued his training with Hans Swarowsky in Vienna, and then in Salzburg with Karajan.[12] In 1971, Jansons won the second prize at the "Herbert von Karajan" International Conducting Competition.[7][14] Karajan invited Jansons to be his assistant with the Berlin Philharmonic, but the Soviet authorities blocked Jansons from ever hearing about the offer.[12]

Career

[edit]
Scene from the documentary Imperfect Harmony, with Mariss Jansons and Louis Andriessen preparing a new composition by the latter with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra

In 1973, Jansons was appointed Associate Conductor of the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1979, he was appointed Music Director of the Oslo Philharmonic, with which he performed, recorded and toured extensively. Jansons resigned his Oslo position in 2000 after disputes with the city over the acoustics of the Oslo Concert Hall.[15]

In 1992, Jansons was named Principal Guest Conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra. He worked as a guest conductor with the London Symphony Orchestra and recorded Mahler's Symphony No. 6 with them for the LSO Live label.[16][17]

In 1997, Jansons became the Music Director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra. His initial contract was for three years, but his subsequent contract renewals were evergreen contracts that required yearly renewal. In June 2002, he announced his resignation, which would become effective in 2004.[18]

In April 1996, Jansons nearly died from a severe heart attack while conducting the final pages of La bohème in Oslo.[19] He recuperated in Switzerland. Later, surgeons in Pittsburgh fitted an implanted defibrillator in his chest to give his heart an electric jolt if it failed.[20] (Jansons's father had died at a 1984 concert, conducting the Hallé Orchestra.[21]) Jansons stated that he suffered from jet lag, and this was one reason that he left his American position.[22]

At the start of the 2003-2004 season, Jansons began his tenure as Chief Conductor of the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (BRSO),[23] for an initial contract of three years.[24] His commitment with the BRSO was for ten weeks per season.[25] In September 2006, Jansons extended his initial BRSO contract to August 2009.[26] In July 2007, he further extended his contract with the BRSO to August 2012.[27] In April 2011, he extended his BRSO contract to August 2015 in Munich.[28] In June 2013, the BRSO further extended Jansons's contract through August 2018.[29] In May 2015, the BRSO announced another extension of Jansons's contract through 2021.[30] In July 2018, the orchestra announced a further extension of his contract through 2024.[31] He regularly campaigned for the construction of a new concert hall for the orchestra.[10] On 8 November 2019, he conducted his final orchestral concert, at Carnegie Hall with the BRSO and Diana Damrau.[32]

In October 2002, Jansons was named the sixth Chief Conductor of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (RCO) of Amsterdam, effective 1 September 2004, succeeding Riccardo Chailly.[14][33] His initial Amsterdam contract was for three years,[34] and his commitment in Amsterdam was for twelve weeks per season. In April 2014, the orchestra announced that Jansons was to stand down as chief conductor after the 2014–2015 season.[35][36] He conducted his final concert as chief conductor of the RCO on 20 March 2015, in the presence of King Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima.[37] He subsequently held the title of conductor emeritus of the KCO until his death.[2]

In 2006, Jansons conducted the Vienna Philharmonic New Year's Concert for the first time. Also in January 2006, he was awarded MIDEM's Artist of the Year Award in Cannes. In October 2007, Jansons (who was Lutheran[38]) conducted Beethoven's Ninth Symphony with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra for Pope Benedict XVI and 7,000 other listeners in the papal audience hall (Auditorio Paul VI). Jansons conducted the Vienna New Year's Concert for the second time in 2012, and for the third and final time in 2016.

Personal life

[edit]

Jansons was married twice. He and his first wife, Ira, had a daughter, Ilona, who became a pianist at the Mariinsky Theatre. The marriage ended during his tenure in Oslo. Jansons and his second wife Irina (née Outchitel),[7] a former speech therapist, had a home in Saint Petersburg, where Jansons kept his collection of scores.[39] He held both Latvian and Russian citizenship.[20]

Death

[edit]

Jansons died during the night of 30 November 2019 / 1 December 2019 at his home in the Tolstoy House, Saint Petersburg, as a result of a longstanding heart condition, aged 76.[5][6][40][41]

Awards and recognition

[edit]

Jansons was awarded various international honours for his achievements, including Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit from King Harald of Norway and memberships in the Royal Academy of Music in London and the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Society of Music Friends) in Vienna. He was awarded the St. Hallvard Medal in 1986.[42] In May 2006, he was awarded the Order of the Three Stars (2nd class or Grand Commander), Latvia's highest state honour. He was awarded the Bavarian Order of Merit in 2007 and in 2010, the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art. In 2008, Jansons received the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art.[43]

Jansons' recording of Shostakovich's Symphony No. 13 with Sergey Aleksashkin (bass) and the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra and Chorus won the Grammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance at the 2006 Grammy Awards.[44]

In January 2006 he was awarded a Midem, a Cannes Classical Award as Artist of the Year. In 2007 he was honoured by the German Phono Academy with the Echo Klassik as Conductor of the Year. In 2011, he was awarded the same title by the German journal Opernwelt.[45]

Jansons won the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize in 2013.[46] On 31 March 2013 Jansons was awarded a medal of honour "For the Merits before St. Petersburg". On 4 October 2013, Jansons received the Grand Merit Cross with Star of the Federal Republic of Germany.[47]

On 1 November 2013, Jansons was awarded Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion and received it from Dutch Minister of Education, Culture and Science Jet Bussemaker.[48]

In November 2017,[49] the Royal Philharmonic Society awarded Jansons the RPS Gold Medal, with Mitsuko Uchida presenting the medal to Jansons during a concert with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra (Symphonieorchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks) on 24 November 2017 at the Barbican Hall.[50] Jansons was the 104th recipient of the RPS Gold Medal.

In 2018, Jansons was awarded Honorary Membership of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra,[51] and in June 2018 of the Vienna Philharmonic.[52]

On 14 April 2019, Jansons received the Herbert von Karajan Prize at the Salzburg Easter Festival.[53] In 2019, he received the Opus Klassik award in the category "Lifetime Achievement”.[54]

In 2020, the BRSO posthumously awarded its Karl Amadeus Hartmann Medal to Jansons.[55]

Selected recordings

[edit]

Jansons is credited on over 190 orchestral recordings.[56]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b The family confirms that the death was in the early hours of 1 December 2019. The two last orchestras that Mariss Jansons led as music director also confirm that the date of his death was on 1 December 2019.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "MARISS JANSONS". Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Mariss Jansons, 1943-2019" (Press release). Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Mariss Jansons, conductor celebrated around the world, dies at 76". The Washington Post. 3 December 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  4. ^ "Renowned Latvian conductor Mariss Jansons dies aged 76". France 24. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Mūžībā devies diriģents Mariss Jansons". LTV Panorāma. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Conductor Mariss Jansons dies aged 76". Public broadcasting of Latvia. 1 December 2019. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d Barry Millington (1 December 2019). "Mariss Jansons obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  8. ^ Geoffrey Norris (21 January 2015). "The art of the conductor". Gramophone. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  9. ^ "Obituary / Mariss Jansons led the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra and other top ensembles". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  10. ^ a b David Lister (8 April 2009). "Mariss Jansons: Maestro with a mission". The Independent. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  11. ^ Pullinger, Mark (3 September 2015). "Chailly and the Berliner Philharmoniker: the critics' choice for World's Best Conductor and Orchestra". Bachtrack. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d e Colin Hughes (1 May 1999). "Straight from the heart". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
  13. ^ Heinrich, Ludwig (20 August 2011). "Viele Werte sind verloren gegangen" [Many values have been lost]. Oberösterreichische Nachrichten. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  14. ^ a b "Trauer um Stardirigenten Mariss Jansons". BR. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  15. ^ Hugh Canning (15 January 2006). "On the upbeat". The Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2007.
  16. ^ Richard Morrison (6 December 2003). "A hundred to one". The Times. Retrieved 19 August 2007.[dead link]
  17. ^ Hugh Canning (27 July 2003). "Classical CD of the Week: Mahler: Symphony No 6". The Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2008.
  18. ^ Mark Kanny (7 June 2002). "Jansons to bid city adieu in '04". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
  19. ^ Geoff Brown (12 April 2003). "Brave heart". The Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
  20. ^ a b "Mariss Jansons, Conductor Who Led Top Orchestras, Dies at 76". The Hollywood Reporter. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  21. ^ Tom Service (9 February 2007). "It's good to have dreams". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 February 2007.
  22. ^ Geoffrey Norris (12 September 2002). "Musician, magician". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 September 2004. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  23. ^ Martin Kettle (30 January 2004). "Prime Timer". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2007.
  24. ^ Hilary Finch (26 August 2003). "Every performance is a brave new world". The Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
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